材料制备机械设计理论中的新趋势和新问题------英文翻译.docx

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1、英文原文New Trends and Problems in Material Processing MachineDesign TheoryAbstract :Based on reviewing the historical background, prospecting for the development trend ,analyzing the complicacy and mechanism and summing up some achievements and experiences in scientific research , several new problems

2、and the possible direction of development in material processing technology and machine are proposed ,such as ,producing new concept materials possessing some specific and extraovdinary properties by means of integrating and coalescing conelative frontier science and technology ;and thereafter a bri

3、ef discussion is given.Keywords: interface; extraordinary physical field; procession machine ; function material1 The Time Background of Material Processing MachineIn the long span of history of human progress ,many tools ,machines and methods were created and a variety of materials with different p

4、roperties were processed. Materials and its processing have become one of pillar and driving force of mankind progress. In pace with multi - polar competition in current world and people5 s striving perseveringly for happier life .material function goes beyond unceasingly mens knowledge and imaginat

5、ion ,for example ,cryptic function material ,semiconductor material,energy material,vibration - absorptive material, super - strength aluminum alloy accounting for 70 percent of application of aeronautics and space ,metal foil of 454m ,deep drawing plate with anisotropy below 1 percent ,electronic a

6、luminum foil with micro - orientation up to 95 percent ,heat resisting aluminum alloy with super strong specific理论，例如：非接触式、非线性摩擦机构。3.4 负荷分配规律关于超静定结构，抑制点的负荷分配规律由相容性条件决定。虽然，关于那 些大尺寸的、不定的、静止的结构在真实空间中是自由变化的，但负荷分配规律 是不能决定相容性条件。因此新的基础理论由分析接触行为和变形装置获得（例 如：摩擦力、变形相容性条件，等等）。3.5 耦合装置和在材料加工系统中物理领域内的稳定性随着系统的功能越来

7、越多元化；许多限制材料加工进度的传统技术正在不断 的被改善；系统结构也逐渐变得越来越复杂，系统性能变得越来越好。例如：钢 扎厂的快速瞬间反转受弹性形变、粘流、散热处理、水动力润滑处理的，物理化 学分子状态的影响。另外，机电的耦合在处理系统中已经超出了传统的概念；例 如，一些奇特的现象（微小的变化可以引起很大的变化）已经出现；因此，滚筒 操作的不稳定性可能会导致混乱。所以，这个主题将会在机械装置的物理领域中, 在处理系统稳定性的影响和加工助剂质量上被提及和充分关注；技术综合和合并精准的控制在特定的物理条件下进行操作的材料加工设备是一个相当复杂系统，一些系 统的参数在领域的边界上也是可以改变的；因

8、此在领域环境下精确的控制与调 整，调和尺寸，能量转换，信息传递，界面耦合等等是非常重要的。因为在控制 模型中多种交互作用的存在，根据退耦控制模型而建立综合框架是必要的；精确 的控制基于综合技术。3.6 优化的和创新的设计基于创新的知识材料加工技术能促进产品的设计质量的提高。最优化的材料加工技术和材料 加工设备意味着实现实质的仿真通过类似的设计和一致的设计是我们学习的主 题。3.7 在特殊的领域里机械装置的特殊功能和应用一些重要的元素和局部在材料加工设备中常常在强力场、温度场、电磁场和 流场中工作，有建造特别物理界面的功能；虽然对那些普通单一的物质象金属、 陶瓷等拥有单一的高指数和卓越的总质量是

9、很困难的。因此我们需要在重要部位 采用具有新功能的原料；例如：尺度功能有倾向的材料是想当可贵的。由于这些 原因，学习基本法律和以上提到的具有这些功能的机械装置；例如：强调分配功 能、破坏机理和在特定领域中的设计标准，静态（动态）的硬度和阻尼，模糊设 计和明朗设计处理系统构成了有斜度的材料，等等。今天，材料加工科学和技术正在快速的向前开展；把学习的目标瞄准材料加 工设备的技术问题将会为21世纪的制造业提供技术支持。strength used in aeronautics ,space and deep sea ,etc. 1,2 Thus several important developmen

10、t trends with distinct time features in material processing domain are shaped up as follows :(1) Creating material processing machine with extraordinary physical field for processing material with special texture structures and functions. For example ,applications of thermal energy and mechanical en

11、ergy are breaking through unceasingly technology limit 声nd some non -tradition energy ,such as microwave ,chemical energy , bioenergy , etc., are introduced into material processing procedure one after another ,so that some material processing machines with extraordinary energy circumstance are prod

12、uced.(2) Breaking through traditional physical limits and integrating melting ,solidifying ,plastic deformation and heat treatment to obtain special function of material and cut down expenses1.For example 再ear -net shaping material processing technology , such as fast rolling , spraying deposition ,

13、over - plastic molding , injection molding , high energy beam ,etc ,is applied.(3) Material processing process is forged ahead in the direction of high speed ,heavy - duty and high accuracy online control ,for instance , the rolling speed goes up to 130 m -s_1 ,the deformation pressure rises up to 3

14、00 MPa ,accuracy of dimension up to 0.1 |i m ,accuracy of shape up to 0. 1 I ,strength accuracy comes up to 0.1 MPa. For these reasons Jt is necessary for material processing machine design theory to integrate and coalesce ingeniously correlative frontier science and technology to create and produce

15、 some new concept material processing machine with following functions.2 Due Functions of New Concept Material Processing Machine(1) To have the ability to produce and bear extraordinary physical field and transmit extraordinary energy flow with the aim of providing extraordinary physical circumstan

16、ces necessary for new concept material processing. For example ,high gradient temperature field with the speed of cool - down of work interface which exceeds 104106 K s _ 1 , line wave and pulse complex exerted in solidifying - deforming area , super - strength contact stress field of material formi

17、ng interface ,turbulent flow field of molten metal with very big flakiness ratio Jow frequency magnetic field with random frequency ,microwave field for powder metal heating ,ultrasonic field for large volume solidifying ,etc. 4 ,are applied.(2) To have the ability to work in critical state so that

18、high stability and ideal performance of processing machine is ensured under the circumstance of reinforced technological condition and multi - field coupling operation. For example ,chatter suppressing capability of fast ultra - thin rolling under the condition of boundary lubricating state15 ,the c

19、apability of self - excited vibration suppressing under the condition of special friction state ,synergism stability and disturbance stability of flexible connecting parallel shaft with multi - driving system ,etc. 4 ,are ensured.(3) To have the ability to accurately control the material processing

20、in order to obtain low loss ,high efficiency and high quality of material processing. For example , super - high accuracy on - line monitor of products form ,on - line monitor and on - line adjustment of products texture and properties ,precision coordination control of multi - procedure , on - line

21、 monitor of micro - orientation of metal plastic deformation ,etc. 4 ,are ensured. Some products accuracy index may be enumerated as follows : dimensional accuracy coming to 0.1 |i m , microstructure uniformity to crystal lattice ,strength error to 0.1 MPa ,etc. AIn short ,only by new concept materi

22、al processing machine with extraordinary function being designed and made , can special function material be processed.3 Science Problems and Study Contents of Metal MaterialProcessing MachineUnder the Circumstance of Extraordinary Physical FieldIn view of these facts and background mentioned above

23、, several new research topics can be advanced as follows.3.1 Coupling Heat Transfer Mechanism of Multi - Phase Interface Temperature - Stress FieldA brand - new microstructure can be obtained through continuously large deformation and fast solidifying when melting metal is in critical state of liqui

24、d solid. At this very moment ,high density heat flow and dynamic heat resistance are present in material processing circumstance ,7 . A basic theory problem of designing this kind of machine is to study mechanism of heat transmittance and energy conversion ,and to establish mathematical model.3. 2 F

25、riction Constraint Mechanism of Plastic Flow Interface of Material Processing MachineThe coupling between operation mechanism and workpiece is very complicated because plastic flow is present in processing interface. The interface state , determined by velocity , load thermodynamic process , elastic

26、ity of operation mechanism ,plasticity of workpiece dynamic behaviour of interface sticking - sliding and partial hydrodynamic lubrication ,etc ,affect and form friction constraints mechanism peculiar to material processing machine ,because these constraints present strong non - linearity ;and under

27、 certain circumstances ,the constraints may be destroyed or mismatched instantaneously and thus dynamic instability is resulted in. Thus following problems can be put forward : Mechanism of u spectre chatter55 arose from sticking - sliding friction and partial hydrodynamic lubrication in rolling int

28、erface , instability condition and mechanism of constraint between smooth surface and rotating body under the circumstance of high speed ,heavy - duty and boundary lubrication , Lubrication film absorption mechanism and physical chemistry behaviour of interface of unceasingly regenerative surface ,t

29、he relationship between rheological characteristic and machine operation parameters.3. 3 Multi - Body Non - Linear Contact Mechanism Under the Condition of Extra - High Pressure FieldTo build the super strength pressure field on large area is one of basic function of material processing machine , an

30、d it is also necessary to form by once large - size structure element (such as spacecraft , intercontinental vehicles ,car and large - scale aeroplane etc) . The ability to build super strong pressure field is one of important feature and the base of independent national defense. Under the circumsta

31、nce of super strength pressure field ,multi - body strong nonhertz contact and non - linear friction will be produced ,thus local permanent deformation and degrading of element accuracy may be led. New theory foundation of design of machine with super strength pressure field will be furnished throug

32、h study of multi - body strong non - hertz contact mechanism , multi - body non - linear friction mechanism (such as providing force - displacement mixed solving process of three - dimension multi - body).3. 4 Load Distribution Law in Multi - Sliding Pair With Structure Bias LoadWith regard to stati

33、cally indeterminate structure Joad distribution of constraint point is determined by deformation compatibility condition. However ,concerning some plane large - size statically indeterminate structure with sliding degree of freedom in third dimension Joad distribution can not be determined by deform

34、ation compatibility condition. Thus new theory basis will be provided by analyzing of contact behaviour and mechanism of sliding pair (such as creep ,force of friction ,integral deformation compatibility condition ,etc).3. 5 Coupling Mechanism and Stability of Multi - Physical Fields in Material Pro

35、cessing SystemsIn the wake of system function becoming more and more diversified , conventional technology limits in material processing machine is being broke through unceasingly ,system structure also becomes increasingly complicated ,and system performance becomes increasingly multi - causal . Fo

36、r example ,any instantaneous state of roller in fast rolling mills is affected by elastic deformation ,plastic flow ,heat transfer process , hydro - dynamic lubrication process ,interface physical chemistry molecular state and so on151 . In addition .electromechanical coupling in processing system h

37、ave already gone beyond conventional concept ,forinstance ,some singular point phenomenon (such as micro - variable can be transformed into macro - variable) ,are present ,thus roller operation instability may be led by perturbationL8 . Therefore ,this subject will study the interaction mechanism of

38、 multi - physical field and the influence on processing system stability and processing material quality started with analysis of micro - state of executive body.3. 6 Multi - Technology Integration and Coalescence ofAccurate ControlThe material processing machine ,which operate under the circumstanc

39、e of extraordinary physical field Js a complicated large - scale system ,and some parameters of the system vary on feasible field boundary ;thereby ,to keep under accurate control and adjustment of multi field circumstance ,multi - dimension coordination ,multi - energy conversion , multi - level in

40、formation transfer ,interface multi - process coupling ,etc. is of much significance. Since a variety of multi - interaction exists in control model ,it is necessary to establish integration framework of coordination work according to decoupling of control model ,so as to accurate control based on t

41、he multi - technology integration and coalescence is realized.3. 7 Quasi - Reality Design and Concurrent Design Based onKnowledge Innovation SystemsDigitalization and visualization of material processing technology will promote immediately the quality of design, operation and control . Therefore opt

42、imization of material processing technology and material processing machine by means of realization of virtual simulation of processing procedure through quasi - reality design and concurrent design is one of our pressing study subjects.3. 8 Mechanical Behavior of Special Function Materials in the E

43、xtraordinary Physical FieldMany key elements and parts in material processing machine are often under the circumstance of super strong force field ,temperature field ,electronic magnetic field and flow field /nd must have the functions of constructing special physical interface. However ,it is diffi

44、cult for common single - substance material such as metal ,ceramic polymer ,etc. to have both high index of single property and excellent overall quality. Therefore we need to use certain material with new functions for key position,。 ,for instance ,multi - dimension function gradient material with

45、ultrahigh physical property ,multi - dimension function gradient material with intelligence. For these reasons ,it is necessary to study basic law and mechanism of these kind of function material mentioned above ,for instance ,stress (strain) distribution function ,failure mechanism and design crite

46、ria of material under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field ,static (dynamic) stiffness and damping ,digitalization design and visualization design of processing system made of gradient function material ,etc ,so that the general mechanics law of element which is under the circumstance of

47、 extraordinary physical field and made of anisotropy multi - dimension gradient function material is obtained. Nowadays ,material processing science and technology is forging rapidly ahead. A forward - looking study aiming at key technology problem of material processing machine will provide theory

48、and technology reserve for manufacturing science and industry of 21st century.英文翻译材料制备机械设计理论中的新趋势和新问题摘要:在全面综述材料制备机械技术及设备开展动态的基础上，提出了研究 领域的几个新问题和开展方向，如通过集成和融合现代相关前沿科学和技术，生 产具有超常和特殊性能的新概念材料等,并进行了简要分析和讨论.关键词:界面;超常物理场;制备机械;功能材料1.机械材料加工的时代背景在人类进步的一段长时间范围内，许多工具、机械和方法被提出来；不同的 原料用不同的工具来加工。原料及其处理过程已经变成了推动人类进

49、步不可缺的 一部份。在当前世界中日益激烈的竞争和人们追求幸福生活的今天，物质的功能 已经远远超出了人类现有的并不断增长的知识及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半 导体材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空领域中占有70%份额的强力铝合金 45um的薄金属片，用各向异性深冲压金属板在1%以下；电子铝箔与强耐热铝 合金已经被应用到航空、宇宙及深海领域中，等等；在原料加工加工领域中不同 的时间段里，材料重要开展趋势就这样形成了：(1)在特殊的物理领域里制造原料加工机械，是为了能有特殊的质地结构 和辅助性的加工功能。例如：运用热能和机械能能够突破科学技术的极限，将一 些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化学能、生物能等等，一个接一个的被引入到材 料加工中来，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工设备就被制造出来了。(2)突破传统的物质限制，将溶化、凝固、造型一体化，然后加热得到具 有特殊功能的原料，这样就可以降低加工费用。例如：材料加工整形技术，比方 像快速翻滚，喷雾处理、塑胶成型、喷射造型法、高能量射束等等被应用。(3)原料加工处理正在向高速、重载和高精度在线控制方向上迈进。