2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修一单元重难点Unit 1单元易错综合练(人教版).docx
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1、Unitl单元易错综合练习(考试时间:120分钟 试卷总分值:150分)考前须知:1 .本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第n卷(非选择题)两局部。答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准 考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答第I卷时,选出每题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3 .回答第n卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4 .考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力(共30分,略)第二局部 阅读(共两节,总分值50分)第一节(共15小题;每题2.5分,总分值37.5分)阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、
2、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。Amazing Scientists Who Happen to Be TeenagersWeve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.Jack AndrakaJack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage. He says that the paper sensor is 168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive and 400 tim
3、es more sensitive than technology nowadays.Hes the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.Taylor WilsonTaylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变).He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build
4、 a nuclear reactor.Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research.Sara VolzSara Volz performed experiments in which she grew alg
5、ae (藻类)based on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $ 100,000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.Daniel BurdPlastic usu
6、ally takes thousands of years to decompose (分解),but this high school student Daniel Burd参考答案:1. A2. D3. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几位青少年科学家以及他们的创造。1 .细节理解题。根据 Jack Andraka 局部“Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage.(杰克安德拉卡创造了一种用于早期癌症检测的生物传感器)”可知,杰克安德拉卡创造了医疗器 械。应选A项。2 .细节
7、理解题。根据 Taylor Wilson 局部“He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.(他受至lj放射性童子军的启发,这本小说讲述了一个孩子试图 建造核反响堆却失败的故事户可知,是一本故事书激发了 Taylor Wilson对他的创造的兴趣。应选D项。3 .推理判断题。根据 Daniel Burd 局部“His solution only produces water and small amounts of
8、carbon dioxide.(他的解决方案只产生水和少量二氧化碳厂以及常识可知,Daniel Burd的创造对环境几乎没有危 害。应选B项。4 . D5. D6. C7. D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文表达了法国微生物学家Louis Pasteur,他发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生 命。5 .细节理解题。根据第一段The next time you have cheese loudly, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are cause
9、d by bacteria (细菌).(下次你大声吃奶酪的时 候,记得法国科学家Louis Pasteur,他发现了变质的牛奶,以及许多疾病是由细菌引起的)“可知,Louis Pasteur发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。应选D。6 .推理判断题。根据第三段“When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteurs chickens became mildly s
10、ick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera helped, his chickens develop a
11、n antibody against it.(当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍 乱的鸡时,他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾病,但没有死亡。这很奇怪,因为 之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重了。当他再次尝试时,他之前治愈的 鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助,他的鸡产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体)”可推知, 有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死,因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了,故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。应选Do7 .细节理解题。根据第四段Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All
12、 his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight
13、them off.(后来,巴斯德继续在牛、猪和狗身上进行试验。他所有的研究都帮助他开发了不同的疫苗。我们现在知道,接种疫苗的过程会将一种衰弱的细 菌引入我们的身体。我们的身体通过产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在,当我们的身体遇到同样的更强大的细 菌时,它可以将它们击退)”可知,疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进入体,使人体产生了对抗细菌的抗 体,增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们防止疾病的能力。应选C。8 .推理判断题。根据最后一段Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemi
14、stry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university, to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.(路易斯巴斯德因为在生物学、化学和医学上的进步而获得了许多奖 项。他创立了巴
15、斯德研究所来研究疾病。它是第一所教授微生物学的大学,如今在29个国家有32个研 究所。对于每一个接种疫苗预防致命疾病的孩子,我们都要感谢路易斯巴斯德)”结合本文介绍了微生物 学家Louis Pasteur,他发现了疫苗接种,拯救了亿万人类的生命。可以推测,本文写作目的在于缅怀这位 伟大的科学家,提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。应选D。9 . C9. A10. Bll. D【导语】本文是记叙文。本文章主要介绍了达尔文一生的生活经历和成就。8 .推理判断题。根据第一段“Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers.(查尔斯达尔文出生于一个 思想家
16、家庭。”及后文对他父亲,母亲,祖父的介绍可知,达尔文的家人社会地位都很高,家人对达尔 文的影响很大。所以第一段的写作目的是为了说明家庭对达尔文的影响。应选C。9 .推理判断题。由第二段中的“When he was eighteen, he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University, planning to enter the church, but he was more interested in science than in religion and later he abandoned theology.(十八岁时: 他离开爱丁堡,
17、进入剑桥大学,打算进入教堂,但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣,后 来他放弃了神学。广可知,达尔文进入剑桥大学后,对科学更感兴趣,故推知他在剑桥大学最终主修科 学。应选A。10 .推理判断题。根据第四段“Darwin was also struck by the iguanas (蜥蜴)he found, and observed that those which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones, while those that lived on land had a sharper head, more
18、 fit for a herbivorous (食草的)animal.(达尔文也被他发现的蜥蜴所震撼了,并观察到那些 生活在水中的蜥蜴的头部适合在石头中寻找食物,而那些生活在陆地上的蜥蜴有更锋利的头部,更适合 食草动物。)可知,生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴是因为生活环境的不同导致生物进化差异。 应选Bo.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin developed his theory of evolution, but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it. It was instantly seen as a grea
19、t milestone in scientific thought, and attracted violent argument all over Europe.(达尔文开展了他的进化论,但直到1859年他才真正发表了它。它立即被视为科学思想的 一个伟大里程碑,并引起了整个欧洲的激烈争论。户可知,达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程 碑,是科学界的一个伟大的突破。应选D。11 . B13. B14. A15. C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 2020年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的。12 .推理判断题。根据第一段“She had come with an imp
20、ossible request that my team modify our thoroughly tested software to make one of our most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for and risk breaking it. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldnt be done一 prove that a massive bl
21、ack hole lay at the center of our Milky Way.(她提出了 一个似乎不可能的请求,要求我 的团队修改我们经过彻底测试的软件,使我们最重要的科学仪器之一能够完成它从未被设计过的任务, 并冒着破坏它的风险。所有这些都是为了进行一个基本上是浪费时间而且无法完成的实验证明一个 巨大的黑洞位于我们银河系的中心)”以及第三段“That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea.(这种决心和愿意承当计算风险一直是安德烈娅的特点)”
22、可知,安德烈 娅提出非常有创造力的请求并坚定地去证明它,她是有决心并且有创造力的。应选B项。13 .主旨大意题。根据最后一段This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take no for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Phy sics .(这是我的朋友,也是我的老同事,一 个拒绝接受“不”答案的人:安德烈娅盖兹,2020年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者广以及上文内容可知,本文主 要介绍了安德烈娅是如何成功获得诺贝尔奖的。应选B项。
23、14 .词句猜想题。根据第三段“For 25 years she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A-the name of our own local supermassive black hole. It is remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter century, of searching for and finding evidence of these monsters thought to lie at the heart o
24、f every large galaxy.(25年来,她几乎完全专注于人马座A我们当地超大质量黑洞的名字。值得注意的是,在25 年的时间里,整个研究领域都在开展,寻找并找到这些被认为位于每个大星系中心的庞然大物的证据厂以 及第四段“She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatorys Near Infrared Camera(NIRC), now gracing the lobby at our headquarters.(她开始使用第一台在凯克天文台近红外照相机(NIRC)改造的仪 器,现在gracing
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