人教版(新教材)高中英语选修3Unit 3　Environmental Protection精品学案：Grammar—Direct speech & indirect speech(步步高).docx

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1、GrammarDirect speech & indirect speech语法导学/感悟规律 重点难点剖析/语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(l)An expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.(2)Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before.(3)Clima

2、te scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.1 .英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫 直接引语;另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语。2 .以上句子都是用自己的话转述别人的话，都是间接引语。语法精析英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直 接引语；

3、另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语。She said, u T ma dentist.,她说：“我是一名牙医。（直接引语）f She said that she was a dentist.她说她是一名牙医。（间接引语）如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一 般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规那么如下：一、人称变化的三原那么“第一人称随主”原那么如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照 主句中主语的人称而变化。Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own

4、. ”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。（直接引语中为第一人称）f Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。（间接引语中随主语改为第三人称）“第二人称随宾”原那么如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称 要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave? ”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？ ”（直接引语中为第二人称）f

5、 Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。（间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称）“第三人称不更新”原那么指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在 间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr Li said, u Jack is a good worker. ”李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”（直接引语为第三人称）f Mr Li said Jack was a good worker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。（间接引语中人称不变）二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，如

6、果主句为过去时态，那么间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如 下表所示：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic. ”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”（直接引语为现在进行时） f His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。（间接引语为过去进行时）The organizer

7、 said, “ We have begun our plan. ”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”（直接引语为现在完成时） f The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。（间接引语为过去完成时） 注意：直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况:1 .直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言；.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms.v 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”（直接引语是

8、谚语） f My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。（变成间接引语时态不变） 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天that day 那天this morning 今天上午that morning那天上午tonight今天晚上that night那天晚上tomorrow 明天the next/following day 第二天yesterday 昨天t

9、he day before 前 天last night昨天晚上the night before 刖晚上the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前three days ago 三天前three days before 三天前next week 下一周the next/following week 第二周ago（至今）以前before（那时）以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take 蜂come 来go去She asked, “Is this book his?”她问：“这本书是他的吗？ （直接引语中用this）f Sh

10、e asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。（间接引语中改为that）T 11 be very busy today, “ said the man.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”（直接引语中用today）The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。（间接引语中改为that day）四、连接词的选择1 .直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可 以省略。He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake

11、 happened.”f He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.2 .直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(or或.or not)或if引导。He said, “Are you interested in English? ”f He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.注意：如果主句中谓语动词是said,那么将其改为asked。3 .直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直

12、接引语和间接引语之间的转换规那么来进行。“What s your name? he asked me.f He asked me what my name was.注意：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化当直接引语为祈使句时，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order等词,而原直接引语中的谓语动词那么变为不定式。He said to me, Don t be late tomorrow.v- He told me not to be late the next

13、day.The official said, “ Get ready before lunch. ”f The official ordered us to get ready before lunch.达标检测I /当堂检测基础达标演练;N【.将以下间接引语变为直接引语He asked the boy why he had been late again.He asked the boy, “Why were you late again? ”He asked me to shut the window.He said to me, “ Shut the window, please.”Th

14、e doctor told me not to drink too much.The doctor said to me, Don 1 drink too much. ”The old man said that the boys over there were playing football.The old man said, “The boys over there are playing football.”The teacher told us that we would have an English test the next Saturday.The teacher said

15、to us, “We will have an English test next Saturday.” n.语法填空Three months ago, I moved to Italy with my parents.One day, after playing badminton, I was about 6.(leave) the club when I saw Amma.She s an old lady in her late 60s, and she is responsible 7. cleaning the floor of the club.At that time, she

16、 asked the boss of the club 8.(give) her some cash.She told the boss that her hand 9.(be) in pain and she wanted to see the doctor.The boss gave her some excuses and escaped 10.(quick).I felt bad for her. 11. I had never talked with Amma before, I walked to her and opened my wallet.I knew I didn t h

17、ave much money, but I gave her whatever I had in my wallet.In my 12.(break) Italian, I tried to say Amma, please take the money and see a doctor，but I didn t know if my 13.(express) was correct.She seemed to have understood me and said “Thank you! ” .When I went to a nearby restaurant for dinner, su

18、rprisingly I found one bill,14. was more than enough for my meal. 15. next day, I came across Amma, and even though it was very dark in the street, she recognized me and waved to me.语篇解读 本文是记叙文。文中讲述作者把钱包里的所有钱都给了一位老妇人治病的经历。1. K答案H to leaveK解 析U考查非谓语动词。be about to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“正要做某事”。2. K答案U for工解

19、析考查介词的用法。be responsible for对负责。3. K答案H to giveK解 析H考查非谓语动词。此处是间接引语。ask sb.to do sth,请求某人做某事。4. K答案U wasK解 析H考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是间接引语。根据前面的told可知，此处用一般过去时；此处主语her hand为第三人称单数形式，故填was。5. K答 案UquicklyK解 析 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。6. K答 案 H Although/Though/WhileK解 析I 考查连词。此空与后一句存在逻辑上的让步关系，所以用Although/Though/While 引导让步状语从句。7. K答 案H brokenK解 析 考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词，所以填broken。8. K答 案U expressionK解析D考查词性转换。my是形容词性物主代词，后接名词。expression n.表达。9. K答案H whichK解析R考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是one bill,所以此处填which o10. K答案I TheK解 析1 考查冠词的用法。此处指“以过去某个时间为起点的第二天，故用thenextday 表达。