人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit4 Sharing精品学案：Grammar—Review of phrases.docx

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1、GrammarReview of phrases语法导学/感悟规律重点难点剖析语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题I ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it s always nice to get mail!1. The mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!2. Tombe s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to

2、his house.3. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau Zzzw(sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.4. Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.5. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.1 . 以上句子中

3、，句 1 中的 my favourite sweets 和句 3 中的 a strong jaw a wrinkled forehead 和句4中的ripe com为名词短语，作宾语。2 , 句 2 中的 out of the test ube 和句 5 中的 on the grill, over the Ere 和句 6 中的 down the mountain, towards home为介词短语，作状语。3 .句3中的led us t。为动词短语,作埴语。4 .句5中的upside down为副词短语，作状语。5 .句1中的dying to have为形容词短语,作表语。语法精析英语中的

4、短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语 的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法 功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比方，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当 主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。例如：He failed to get the first prize in the match.在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。短语动词(phrasal verbs)是一种固定的词组，通常以动词为中心，由动词加副词或介词构 成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义

5、上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它 们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的那么相当于不及物动词。1 .短语动词的构成(1)动词+副词clear away 清除掉 put away 收起 die away 消失call back 回 look back 回顾 walk back 走回break down出故障calm down平静下来get down咽下come up上来blow up爆炸turn up出现show off 炫耀 give off 散发 take off 脱下break out 发生 blow out 吹灭 run out 用完Traditionally, coll

6、ege students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.传统上，大学生在开始他们新的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式 起到重要作用。K名师点津X“动词+副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语假设为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如 put it on, thin

7、k it over。动词+介词bring about 弓 | 起 look about 环顾四周 seek for 寻找burst into 闯入 turn into 使变成 look into 调查see to处理devote to贡献给deal with处理glance at 匆匆一瞥 work at 从事，致力于 aim at 向瞄准 differ from 与不同 result from由于insist on坚持rely on依靠bring in引进hope for希望得到combine with 联合 lead to 导致，通向 set about 着手r m so glad you

8、 ve come here to see to this matter in person.我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。You look well.The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。动词+副词+介词add up to 总计 keep away from 不靠近 look down on 轻视 keep up with 赶上 make up for 弥补 get on with 相处 get close to 接近 get out of 逃避，防止 do a

9、way with 废除 do well in 在干得好put up with 忍受 catch up with 赶上 look up to 仰望,尊敬 run out of 用完 look forward to 期望 go on with 继续 get down to 认真开始 break away from 脱离,放弃He will have to find some other work, for he can t put up with this loud noise any more. 他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。A good speaker is suppose

10、d to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的意思。(4)动词+名词+介词catch sight of 看见，瞥见 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 make sense of 理解 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替 take part in 参力H take pride in 为自豪 take advantage of 利用make room for为 腾出空间keep up with与 保持联系James

11、 took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.为给电视机腾出空间，詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。2 .介词与其他词类的常见搭配形容词与介词的固定搭配形容词+ atangry, mad, good, bad, clever, surprised, excited, disappointed 等形容词+ofafraid, frightened, ashamed, aware, convinced, short, sick, tired, sure, certain, full, fond, pr

12、oud, worthy 等形容词+withangry, connected, content, familiar, generous, gentle, patient, pleased, popular, satisfied, strict 等形容词+ inweak, different, rich, interested, successful, absorbed, disappointed, experienced, confident 等形容词+togood, polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, similar, familiar 等形容词+ forsor

13、ry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry, responsible 等形容词+aboutsorry, anxious, careless, certain, curious, enthusiastic, particular, optimistic 等(2)名词与介词的固定搭配名词+tokey, answer, devotion 等visit, apology, introduction, attitude, monument,名词+ininterest, expert 等名词+ oncongratulations, effect 等(3)动

14、词与介词的固定搭配动词+aboutspeak, talk, think, worry 等动词+ foranswer, call, apply, beg, care, charge, hunt, hope, wish, long, search, seek 等动词+ ataim, call, glare, glance, knock, laugh, point, stare 等动词+ fromdate, differ, hear, keep, stop, prevent, learn, protect, result, separate, suffer 等动词+ofapprove, compla

15、in, consist, die, dream, think 等动词+ oncall, carry, depend, feed, insist, pass, try, rely 等动词+ inbreak, calL cut, drop, fill, get, hand, join, persist, result, succeed 等动词+ intoburst, change, divide 等动词+ toagree, attend, belong, compare, devote, lead, object, point, refer, reply 等.短语动词使用时须注意的几点在短语动词中

16、，副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，那么应放在动词和副 词之间。The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.这对年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.他存了一点钱以备不时之需。When you do not understand a new word, you can look it up in this dictionary.当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以

17、查字典。This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。We have brought in a good harvest for three years.我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。We ve just come across an old friend we haven t seen for ages.我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。Please keep away from the scene

18、of the accident before the police come.在警察来之前，请远离事故现场。The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday.经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时它们相当于不及物动词。如：Mr Wang s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。The crowd broke up after t

19、he football games.足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。如：break down坏了；出故障break up拆散；解体；驱散break in闯入；插话break off忽然停止 讲话；断绝break out爆发；逃出break through冲破；突破；战胜不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。如：make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化妆show up出席；露面；揭露hold up举起来；阻塞；耽误；抑制感情set up创立；建立；树立；资助put up提出；举起；建造take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动

20、（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对它们作出恰当理解。如：Hurry up, children! The plane will take off very soon.（起飞）After entering the room, he took off his coat（脱下）The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休假）The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.（崩溃）Interrupted by ha

21、ckers, the computer system of that company has broken down.（瘫痪）Negotiations（谈判）between the boss and workers have broken down.（失败）3 .短语的句法功能须注意的几点介词短语作定语时要后置The boy under the tree is Tom.树下的那个男孩是汤姆。The tallest boy in our class is John.我们班最高的那个男孩是约翰。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。A car worth $

22、 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy.对他来讲，买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵。At three, she was taller than playmates seven or eight years old.她三岁时已高于一些七八岁的玩伴。The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one.史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大两倍的车库。He has booked the seats farthest from the door on the train for us.他已经为我们预订了火车上离车门最远

23、的座位。4 .短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。Such a strange story has never been heard of.这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。达标检测 /当堂检测基础达标演练 I .请写出以下画线短语的类型及所充当的成分He could

24、only understand a word here and there. 副词短语作状语1. . Don t fall for(=Don t be attracted by) her beauty. 名词短语作宾语In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.介词短语作状语2. We need to build a factory twice larger than this one.形容词短语作后置定语. She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother.

25、形容词短语作后置定语3. New office buildings are going up/are built everywhere. 名词短语作主语. The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu, our department manager. 介词短语作后置定语4. He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table. 动词短语作谓语He has been working here as an assistant to chairman for ten years. 介词短语作状语5. W

26、e found everything in the lab in good order before doing experiment. 介词短语作后置定语n .语法填空(以介词为主)My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 1 l.in Tucson.We went to a fast-food restaurant 12.for dinner together.My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I stood 13.with my parents.My dad i

27、s 90 years old.He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit 14.at the first table that was more convenient than others.A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. 15.With a puzzled look 16.on my face,

28、I pointed to myself and said, Me? ” She nodded and said, “Yes, you. I walked to the table and said, “Bring your family here.I can finish eating 17.at the counter.My son is 18.in a hurry to leave anyway. My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.I always believe that there are naturally kind people 19.in this world.This woman has set a good example 2O.for her son, who is a really lucky guy.