人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit 1　Science and Scientists精品学案：Reading and Thinking(2).docx

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1、Reading and Thinking（2）语境应用词汇扩充课时基础过关I.单词语境记忆根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式1 .Two suspects （才口罪嫌疑人）are now in prison in connection with the killing.2 .Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing（下降）rapidly.3 .Shortages of professional staff are very severe（严重的）in some places.4.The bacteria were

2、then examined under the microscope（显微镜）.1.1 turned the handle付巴手）and found the door was open.1.8 ut with a serious infection （infect） in his leg, he was far from out of the woods.7 .Every job has its difficulties and frustrations（frustrated）.8 .Since this program has several features, we will show s

3、hort proofs（proof） for a few of them.9 .He subscribed（subscribe） his name to the contract.10 .The death toll was initially（initial） reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300.n.短语语境填空根据汉语提示写出适当的短语.The number of students in the class has decreased by（减少 了） 20.1 .The little girl, rather than

4、 her elder brothers, was to blame （应受责备）.2 .Thanks to（幸亏）these donations, the poorest of the poor are receiving the bestquality medicines on offer.3 .Why dont you negotiate directly with him and solve this issue once and for all（彻底地）？4 .Local terminals are linked to（被连接）the central computer.5 .Be de

5、termined/（下定决心）swim and you could discover a whole new you.in.句式语境仿写l.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.Snow.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics? Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For th

6、is reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.K文化视窗U霍乱的治疗这种病的处理原那么是严格隔离，迅速补充水及电解质，纠正酸中毒，辅以抗菌治 疗及对症处理。7.1ink.联系；纽带 此把连接起来;相关联K合作探究体会link的用法和意义Engineers can link up distant countryside by radio or telephone.工程师们能用无线电或 把遥远的乡村连接起来。We linked up with them for a charity concert last month

7、.上月我们与他们联合举办了一次慈善音乐会。People often link Chinese Valentines Day with Niulang and Zhinii.人们常把七夕节与牛郎织女联系起来。K自主发现Ulinkto/with将和联系或连接起来（2）link up with.与联合;使与衔接link些连接；结合K词块积累link.together 把连接在一起a link between A and B A 与 B 之间的联系a link with sth/sb与某事/某人的联系K巩固内化单句语法填空The new bridge will link the island to/w

8、ith the mainland.Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?（3）We linked up with them at the foot of the mountain and then headed for the top of it.8 .decrease .减少;降低;减少量W.&说.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低K合作探究 体会decrease的用法和意义The number of students has decreased by 500.学生人数减少 了 500 名。They decreased the si

9、ze of the group from 25 to 15.他们把小组的人数从25人减少到了 15人。The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations.所有职业中的工作压力在不断增加。K自主发现Udecrease by减少了decrease to 减少到on the decrease 在减少，在下降K词块积累?increase v.&n.增加increase by 增加了increase to 增加到on the increase 正在增加，正在增长K巩固内化?补全句子Is the number of primary scho

10、ol students in this area on the increase or on the deciease?这一地区的小学生人数在增加还是在减少？There has been a decrease in imports.进口货物有所减少。The population of the city has now increased to half a million.这个城市的人口现已增至五十万。The birth rate of babies in this area has been decreased by 20%.这个地方的婴儿出生率下降了 20%o.transformM.使改观

11、；使改变形态 泣改变；转变K合作探究体会tranform的用法和意义Heat can transform water into steam.热能使水变为蒸汽。The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.这部电影让她一夜之间从一个默默无闻的女生成为一名巨星。China is transforming into an advanced industrial power.中国正在向先进的工业化强国迈进。K自主发现transform. .into.寸巴改变成(Dtransfo

12、rm. .from. .into. 把从变成transform into. 转变为K名师提醒R 常见“trans-词根的单词有：transplant v.移植translate v.翻译transmit。. 传送；传播transfer v.转移；转让transparent adj.透明的K巩固内化X介词填空/补全句子In the last 20 years, South Korea has (been) transformed into a major industrial nation.My hometown is transforming from a poor and backward

13、village into a rich and advanced community.Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed into heat.电动加热器把自身的电能转化为热量。The process is to transform information from one form into another.这个过程将 信息从一种形式变换为另一种形式。语言内化稳步提能课堂实践应用I .课文语法填空In the early 19th century l.when an outbreak of cholera hit Eu

14、rope, millions of people died from the disease.John Snow, who subscribed 2.to the theory that cholera 3.was caused (cause)by an infection from germs in food or water 4.desired (desire)to destroy cholera.5.Using (use)maps and statistics, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 6.carried(ca

15、rry) cholera germs.Through Snows tireless 7.efforts(effort), the disease was stopped in its tracks.Now we have known how 8.to prevent (prevent)cholera.Transforming 9.the way scientists study diseases, John Snow 10.is considered (consider)the father of modern epidemiology.II .根据提示完成课堂小作文中医在中国有着悠久的历史。

16、大量的(multiple)证据(proof)和数据(statistic)说明, 许多严重的(severe)疾病可以用中医治疗。多亏了(thanks to)这种药，许多病毒 (virus)得到了控制(handle),甚至被一劳永逸地(once and for all)治愈了。许多人赞 同(subscribeto)中医，然而，一些人仍然怀疑(suspect)它的巨大的(substantial)价值, 并把责任归咎于(blame)它。他们坚定地认为(thinking),这只是单纯的(pure)初步 (initial)治疗。Traditional Chinese medicine has a long

17、 history in China. Multiple pr oofs and statistics show that many severe diseases can be Heated by traditional Chinese medicine. Thanks to the medicine, many viruses are handled,even cured once and for all. Many people subscribe to the traditiona Chinese medicine. However,some people still suspect i

18、ts substantial value, and put the blame on the head of it.They hold the firm thinking that 丑0nly pu re initial treatment.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 方写U他如此气愤，结果一句话也没说就离开了房间。He was so angry that he left the room without a word.2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much

19、 that she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到她家。K仿写他明天想去检查眼睛。He wants to have hi eyvs .examined tomorrow.3.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used因 此，他把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。K仿写他喜欢做生意，上大学期间就开办了自己的公司。He likes doing business so tha

20、t he runs his own company while studying in college.I 记单词I .语境串记多义词.Many people were surprised by the transformation that the company has transformed from a family business into a multi-million pound enterprise.1 .The subscriber was rich and generous, subscribing two million dollars to the Red Cross

21、.n .构词法助记派生词.名词后缀：-tion, -inginfect(o.)f infectionintervene(0.)f interventionthink(o.)f thinkingfind(o.)f finding1 .形容词后缀：-ory, -edcontradict (r.)contradictoryfrustrate (a )f frustrated.合成词一族house+holdhouseholdframe+work f framework句型公式l.sothat如此以至于,在句中引导结果状语从句o2.have sth done表示“请人做某事”或“使遭遇（某种不幸）”，其

22、中过去分 词表示被动动作。3.sothat 目的是,为了引导目的状语从句。课文整体突破语境理解合作探究删11删删Understanding in contextJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and e

23、ven death.In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria whe

24、n she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food

25、or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.lt was correct, but he still needed proof.Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.H

26、e was determined to find out why.（文化视窗U霍乱 霍乱是因摄入的食物或水受到霍乱弧菌污染而引起的一种急性腹泻性传染病。病 发高峰期在夏季，能在数小时内造成腹泻脱水甚至死亡。霍乱弧菌存在于水中，最常见的感染原因是食用被患者粪便污染过的水。霍乱弧 菌能产生霍乱毒素，造成分泌性腹泻，即使不再进食也会不断腹泻，洗米水状的 粪便是霍乱的特征。1.subscribe试认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）（签署）文件，捐助K合作探究U体会subscribe的用法和意义She subscribes to several womens magazines.她订 了 几种女性

27、杂志。All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.所有的科学家都赞同这种观点：地球温度的升高是由燃烧化石燃料引起的。I subscribed my name to the document.我在文件上签了名。How much did you subscribe to the Hope Project?你为希望工程捐助了多少钱？K自主发现Usubscribe to订阅；同意；赞同subscribeto 在

28、上签； 向捐钱K巩固内化单句语法填空/补全句子He subscribed a large sum of money to the relief fund.A statue in his memory was erected （建造）by public subscription （subscribe）.What magazine will you subscribe to?你将订阅哪种杂志？I cannot subscribe to that view.我不赞同那种观点。2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera out

29、break was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非 常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。K句式解读Uso.that.如止匕以至于，在句中引导结果状语从句。K用法总结其主要结构如下：形容词/副词、I形容词+ a (n) +单数可数名词I(l)so+S,-r+that.many/few +复数名词much/little (少的)+不可数名词(2)suchthat如此以至于，其主要结构如下：a (n) +形容词+单数可数名词、such+S形容词+不可数名词?+that.、形容词+复数名词

30、,My mother is so stubborn that I can never persuade her to give in.我的母亲很固执，我从来不能说服她让步。It is so good a film that I like to see it a second time.=It is such a good film that I like to see it a second time.这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。We had so little time that we couldnt finish the work on time.我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按

31、时完成这项工作。K名师提醒D(1)当名词前有little时，假设出He意为“少”，表数量，那么其前用so修饰；假设 little意为小，那么用such修饰。Q) “soadjadv：或such+被修饰成分“位于句首，主句中用局部倒装结构。K巩固内化U补全句子They asked so many questions that they confused me.他们问了如此多问题，把我弄糊涂了。He made such rapid progress that his teacher praised him.他取得如此快速的进步以至于他的老师表扬了他。Such a lovely girl is sh

32、e that all her classmates like her.她是一个很可爱的女孩，她所有的同学都很喜欢她。We had such bad weather that we had got to stay at home.天气这么糟，我们不得不待在家里。 So little money does he earn that he cant support his family.他赚得钱如此少，以至于不能养家。Understanding in contextSnow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who

33、died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been give

34、n free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.lt seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she

35、had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence.John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.K文化视窗U霍乱弧菌霍乱弧

36、菌(Vibriocholerae)是革兰氏阴性菌，菌体短小呈逗点状，有单鞭毛、菌毛， 局部有荚膜。共分为139个血清群，其中O1群和0139群可引起霍乱。霍乱弧菌是人类霍乱的病原体，霍乱是一种古老且流行广泛的烈性传染病之一。 曾在世界上引起屡次大流行，主要表现为剧烈的呕吐，腹泻，失水，死亡率甚高。 属于国际检疫传染病。3.suspect 犯罪嫌疑人y.怀疑；疑有；不信任K合作探究体会suspect的用法和意义I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine. 我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。What made you suspect

37、 her of having taken the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？I suspected what he said to be a lie.我怀疑他说的话是谎言。K自主发现Ususpect that.怀疑suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做过某事suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是K巩固内化U单句语法填空I suspect the child of lying.Many people suspect his friend to be (be)a kidnapper.4.blame%责备；指责比.把归咎于；责怪；指责K合作探究体会blame的用法

38、和意义The car driver took the blame for the accident.小汽车的司机承当了事故的责任。The driver was not to blame for the accident.这次事故不能怪司机。Dont go trying to blame it on me!别想赖我!K自主发现blame sb for sth因某事责备某人be to blame for sth 因某事应该受责blame sth奥sb把怪到头上；把某事的责任归咎于某人K词块积累Xput/lay the blame on sb把责任归咎于某人take/accept/bear the

39、blame for sth 为某事承当责任K名师提醒U当表示“某人受到指责”时，通常用sb be blamed for sth；但是在表示“某人应该受到指责”时,那么用sb be to blame for sth。K巩固内化单句语法填空/一句多译Dont always blame your own failure on others.You should take the blame for failure. Blamed (blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.老实地说

40、，李华应该为这次冲突负责。f To be honest, Li Hua was to blame for the conflict.(blame v.)f Tobehonest,LiHuashould take/bear/accept the blame for the conflict.(blame n.)5.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，以至于她每 天都让人把水送到她

41、家。K句式解读U have sth done表示“请人做某事”或“使遭遇(某种不幸)”， 其中过去分词表示被动动作。On her way to work, she had her wallet stolen.在她上班的路上，她的钱包被偷了。K用法总结have的其他常见搭配：have sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，在本结构中不定式作宾语补足语，指一 次性的具体的动作。He decided to have his brother join the army.他决定让他的弟弟去参军。(2) have sb doing sth表示“让某人一直/持续做某事，是“have+名词+现在分 词”组成

42、的复合结构。其中现在分词作宾语补足语，表示持续的动作或状态。In cold winter, we always have the fire burning day and night.在寒冷的冬天，我们总是让火夜以继日的烧着。have sth to do表示(主语)有某事要做，其中have作“有”讲；不定式作定 语，常用主动形式表被动意义。I have a composition to write, so I cant go with you.我有一篇作文要写，因此不能和你出去了。K巩固内化U单句语法填空Dont have the light burning (burn)like that.Y

43、ou may have the horse running (run) freely on grassland.My mother had me post (post)the letter at once.I had my watch repaired (repair) in the street.6.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。K句式解读U句中so that引导目的状语从句。K用法总结(l)so that引导目的

44、状语从句时，从句中通常有may, might, can, could等情态动词，并且主从句不能用逗号隔开。常译为“为的是；以便于He got up early so that he could get to school on time.他起得很早，以便能准时到校。，K名师提醒U so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that, in order to, so as to等相互转换。(2)so that引导结果状语从句时，译为“因此，结果就”，并且主从句之间有时用 逗号隔开。He got up too late this morning so that he missed t

45、he early bus. 他今天早上起得太晚了，结果错过了早班车。K巩固内化R补全句子/同义句转换He got up early, so that he caught, the first bus.他起得很早,结果赶上了 第 一班车。Please speak louder so that we can hear clearly.请说得再大点声，以便我们 能听得清楚。He set out early in order that he could arrive there early.f He set out early in order to arrive there early.f He s

46、et out early so as to arrive there early.f He set out early so that he could arrive there early.Understanding in contextThe truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different wat

47、er companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem.Each year millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John