人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction精品学案：Grammar—Review of the passive voice.docx

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1、GrammarReview of the passive voice语法导学/感悟规律重点难点剖析N语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题It was going to be tested out by Larry s wife, Claire.1. Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn t harm her or allow her to be harmed.2. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human.3. As he was not allowed to

2、 accompany her to the shops.1 .以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句1为过去将来时的被动语态;句3为过去进行时的被动 语态；句4为一般过去时的被动语态。2句2为不定式的被动语态，to be harmed作allow的宾语补足语。语法精析一语态概述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动 语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be+动词的过去分 词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示 出来。二、被动语态的用法下面几种情况一般用被动语态1 .不知道或没必要指出动作的

3、执行者时。The meeting has been put off for some reason.会议已因故被推迟了。2 .强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班。3 .出于礼貌防止说出动作的执行者时。Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。三、各种时态的被动语态工程一时态进行时态完成时态现在am

4、/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/havebeen done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be done无shall/will have been done1. You are invited to make a speech in our school.邀请您去我们学校作一个演讲。2. A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last week.上星期父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。3. It is

5、 said that the meeting will be held at 8 : 00 a. m.tomorrow.据说会议将于明天上午8点举行。4. He was being punished for being late by the head teacher.他因迟到而正受到班主任的惩罚。5. . The life of the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。6. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it

6、 came on the market in 1973.这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。7. They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过屡次了。8. The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况.否认词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。He was extremely disappointed to hear t

7、hat he would not be given a doctor? s degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。1 .主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保存不 动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(l)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.f He was seen sitting there without doing anything.我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)His words made me throw up.f I was made to throw up b

8、y his words.他的话令我作呕。K名师点津H在主动语态中，make, hear, see等词后接不定式时要省略to,但转换为被动语态时，那么不能省略to。2 .带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用 for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。My father is telling me an interesting story now.f An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.f I m being told an interestin

9、g story by my father now.爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。3 .动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常被人嘲笑。4 .主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词(如 look, sound, smell, feeL taste, remain, seem, hear, appear, prove 等)后 接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。What he said at the me

10、eting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当 wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock, cook 等不及物动词后加副词(easily, well 等)时, 通常用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。(3)need, want, r

11、equire, deserve等+doing用主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.f His hair needs to be cut.他的头发需要剪了。(4)be worth doing-be worthy to be done 主动形式表被动意义。The novel is worth reading again.The novel is worthy to be read again.这部小说值得再读一次。五、动词不定式的被动语态.动词不定式的被动语态由“to+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的 动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不

12、定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有 一般式和完成式。I am very happy to be thus praised.受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。The room seems to have been broken into.似乎有人闯进过这间房子。The boy was pleased to be taken to the zoo.男孩很高兴被带去动物园。The jewel seemed to have been stolen by someone.珠宝似乎被某人偷走了。1 .动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词

13、之 间有逻辑上的主动关系时。The poor old man only has a very small room to live in.那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。It is said that these apples are good to eat.据说这些苹果很好吃。（3）某些动词（如blame, let等）的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。The police thought that the careless driver was to blame for the accident.警察认为

14、事故应归咎于粗心的司机。动词不定式与疑问词连用时。With so many books on hand, Tom had no idea which book to read first.手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。达标检测1/当堂检测基础达标演练;NI .句型转换（变为被动语态）He plants many trees every year.f Many trees are planted by him every year.1. He has read many articles by Lu Xun. Many articles by Lu Xun have been re

15、ad by him.2. She will finish the task in a day or two.f The task will be finished by her in a day or two.3. She said that she would finish the task in a day or two.f She said that the task would be finished in a day or two.4. . They were cleaning the classroom when I was there.f The classroom was be

16、ing cleaned when I was there.5. The new couple bought the furniture the other day.f The furniture was bought by the new couple the other day.6. The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting.f The problem is being discussed by the experts at the meeting.7. He had left his keys before he came

17、to my place.f His keys had been left by him before he came to my place. n.语法填空In Alaska, the wolf almost 9.disappeared(disappear) a few years ago, because hunters lO.killed(kill) hundreds of them for sport.However, laws 11 .were established(establish) to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people

18、who caught the animals for their fur.So the wolf population has greatly increased.Now there are so many wolves that they 12.are destroying(destroy) their own food supply.A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family.People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food.Many of the animals 13.have been

19、 destroyed(destroy) by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.When the deer can, t find enough food, they 14.(will) die (die).If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, their prey(猎物)15.will disappearedisappear) some day.And the wolves will, too.So we m

20、ust change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology.If we 16.killed(kill) more wolves, we would save them and their prey from dying out.We d also save some farm animals.In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food.Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem.They 17.believe(believe) it necessaiy to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there 18.is(be) a small wolf population.