人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit3 Food and Culture优质学案：Grammar——过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态.docx

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1、Grammar过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态图解语法脉络行定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他成分。 否认句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他成分构成卜一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他成分?特殊疑问旬：特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词+其他成分？1 .表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示 的时间是“过去的过去”。标志：由by, before, umil等引导的短语或时间状语从句；一个表示过去的动作；上卜,文2 .表示过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到力一过去时刻，并可 能继续下去。标志：由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或

2、从句3 .在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果主从复合句表达的是过去的事，那么先发生的 动作常用过去完成时。4 .在宾语从句中，从句谓语表示的动作发生在主句谓语表示的动作（过去时）之前过去完成时:用法5 .在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句的主从复合句中，假设主从句动作的发 生有时间先后顺序，动作发生在前的要用过去完成时，动作发生在后的要用一般过 去时,.want, hope, mean, plan, intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想 法、希望、打算或意图。hardly.when/no sooner.than/scarccly.whenIt was+一段时间+sin

3、ce从句。（从句用过去完成时）7.用于固定句型It was the first/second/.time+（that）从句,（从句用过去完成时） by the time+表示过去的从甸+主句（过去完成时） by the end of+表示过去的时间+句子（过去完成时）8 .川于虚拟语气中，在if条件状语从句、as if/as though弓|导的方式状语从句、wish后 的宾语从句以及would raihur后接的句子中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反 的假设。被动语态卜是过去完成时的被动形式，14主语是渭语动作的承受者。感知语法规律1. Prior to coming to China,

4、 my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.2. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.3. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally,

5、we found it.4. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.K自主发现?过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。过去 完成时的肯定句结构是主语+had+过去分词+其他成分,否认句结构是主语+ had+not+过去分词+其他成分,被动语态结构是主语+had been+过去分词。精讲语法知识一

6、、过去完成时的用法1 .用于d, said, knew, heard, thought, found等动词后面的宾语从句中，表 示动作发生在这些动词之前。He told me that he had seen the film the day before.他告诉我他前一天已经看过那部电影了。She said that she had never been to the Great Wall.她说她从未去过长城。2 .表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。I had been at the bus stop for 15

7、 minutes when a bus finally came.当公共汽车最终到来的时候，我已在公交车站等了 15分钟。3 . 表示意向的动词(hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)的过去 完成时可用于表示过去未曾实现的愿望。I had meant to go on a trip with you, but I was busy with work then.我本想和你一起去旅游，但是我那时正忙于工作。I had intended to see you, but I had to look after my little daugh

8、ter at that moment.我本打算去看你，但是我那时得照顾我的小女儿。二、 过去完成时的常用固定句型.用在“主语+had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)+ 过去分词+when(than)从句”句 型中，从句用一般过去时。 当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句 要倒装。I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。Hardly had we left the house when it began to rain.我们刚离开家，天就开始下雨了。1 .

9、 与 by., by the end of., by the time.等连用。By the end of that year, Henry had collected more than a thousand postcards.到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张明信片。By the time they arrived, we had got everything ready.在他们到达之前，我们已经准备好一切了。2 .用在 “It was the+序数词+time+(that).或It was the+形容词最高级 十 名词+ (that).句型中(从句用过去完成时)。It was the

10、 first time (that) I had been to Shanghai.那是我第一次去上海。It was the most inspiring performance I had watched.这是我看过的最激励人心的表演。3 .用在“ItwasH段时间+ since从句”句型中(从句用过去完成时)。It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。三、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被动形式。A power station had been set up in their

11、hometown by the end of last year.在去年年底之前，他们的家乡已经建立了一座发电站。How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？四、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比拟虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几 占.八、.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比拟：They had arrived at the station by ten oclock yesterday.他们昨

12、天十点之前就已经到达车站了。They arrived at the station at ten oclock yesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。1 .在没有明确地表示过去的时间状语时，谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间先后 顺序须依据上下文来判断：先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作那么用一般 过去时。She was very happy and her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won first prize in the composition competition.她很高兴，她的所有家人也都对她感到

13、满意。她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。即时训I练用正确的时态和语态填空One morning she told her children about a family she had visited (visit) the day before.(2020新高考卷 I )It was supposed that he had had (have)a sudden attack of faintness.(3)All the fine ladies and gentlemen of the countryside had been invited (invite) before the part

14、y began.It was the first time she had ever spoken (speak) before such a big audience.Police asked passers-by if they had seen (see) the accident happen.Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended (tend) without delay.运用语法规那么I .用正确的动词时态和语态填空The wheat crop had been safely gathered (gather)

15、 in before the storm came.1. A great deal of Japanese culture and religion had been adapted (adapt) from the older civilization.2. . They had wanted (want) to help but could not get there in time.3. The airport had been established (establish) long before the community.4. I didnt know a thing about

16、the verbs, for I had not studied (not study) my lesson.5. . I returned the book that I had borrowed (borrow).6. Mr Smith died yesterday.He had been (be) a good friend of mine.7. . It was the third time that he had been (be) out of work that year.8. A senior doctor said that Hus recovery had lifted (

17、lift) the morale of all the medical teams at the hospital.9. We had learned (learn)over two thousand English words by the end of last term, n.补全句子The investigation results showed that some of the imported patients had been infected in the enviionment in which they lived and worked abroad.调查结果显示，局部输入

18、性病例是在国外生活和工作的环境中感染的。1. The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen. 警察发现房子被人破门而入，许多东西被偷了。2. Ms Green decided to buy that kind of cloth because she had been told that the cloth washed veiy well.格林女士决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她这种布很好洗。3. In order to prevent the fire happening, som

19、e of the houses nearby had been pulled down.为了防止火灾的发生，附近的一些房子都被推倒了。4. The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I had stayed in many worse hotels. 那家旅馆不是特别好，但我住过许多更差的旅馆。5. That was the first time I had gone there and I was impressed by the friendly people very much.那是我第一次去那里，那里友好的人们给我留下了非常深刻的印象。6. She

20、had intended/wanted to catch the early train, but she didnt get up in time. 她本来打算赶早班的火车，但是她起晚了。7. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. 如果我们走另一条路，我们可能会及时赶到这里开会。III.语法填空Our experience at the Childrens Medical Care Center was eye-opening.We saw a lot of ch

21、ildren without hair due to their radioactive treatment.We played with them and taught them to draw pictures.The children, though 1.(suffer)such great pains, were so friendly that it was much easier to interact with them than we 2.(expect).One day, an incident deeply touched us.A girl suggested that

22、she teach us how to fold paper.She taught us 3. great patience, explaining each step slowly and clearly.Though we could easily do that, we still pretended to know nothing about it.We followed her, step by step, doing everything she told us.Finally, 4. we finished our work successfully, she gave each

23、 of us 5. big hug.We could see the pride and happiness on her face.Her father was so thankful to us that he held our hands tightly, tears in his eyes.And it was not until then 6. we knew the girl would receive an operation the next day.Many stories happened at the center.lt was really a 7.(value)exp

24、erience to us all, enriching our life in a positive way.The childrens happy faces and 8. (they) strong minds will stay with us forever.The days we spent at the center inspired us boys 9.(reflect)on many things.We began to reflect on how to deal with the difficulties in life, because our “troubles“ s

25、eem not worth mentioning at all compared with 10. these innocent kids are going through.K语篇解读D本文是记叙文。在儿童医疗护理中心的经历让作者感受到了孩子们的积极乐观、善良美好，同时也让作者积极去思考如何面对生活中的困难。1. suffering K考查状语从句的省略。though引导的是状语从句的省略句，补 充完整应为 though they were suffering such great pains,根据省略原那么，可将 they were省略。U. had expected K 考查时态。it

26、was much easier to interact with them 就是发生在 过去的事情，而expect那么是发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。2. with K考查介词。with patience耐心地，是固定搭配。Hwhen/after K考查连词。when/after引导时间状语从句。I3. a K考查冠词。hug是可数名词。此处表示“一个大大的拥抱”，前面要 加不定冠词a。thatK考查强调句。本句是noJuntil句型的强调句，句式为：It is/was notuntil.that.o 2valuable K考查词形转换。修饰名词(experience),应用形容词。U4. theirK考查物主代词。代替上文的the children5so 5to reflect K考查非谓语动词。inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事。H5. whatK考查关系代词。句中with后面需跟宾语，此处用的是宾语从句,从句中缺少going through的宾语，故用what引导。H