人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit 1　Science and Scientists精品学案：Reading and Thinking—Language Points.docx

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1、Reading and ThinkingLanguage Points基础自测 自主学习落实基础知识.I .重点单词cholera n. 霍乱1. severe e力.极为恶劣的;十分严重的；严厉的subscribe况.认购（股份）;定期订购；定期交纳（会费）2. proofs.证据；证明；检验multiple 山.数量多的;多种多样的3. suspect 怀疑;疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象blame ”.把归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责4. handle 把手；拉手；柄”处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）intervention n.介入；出面；干涉5. link 联系；纽带”

2、.把连接起来；相关联substantial 力.大量的:价值巨大的；重大的6. decrease n.减少；降低；减少量式.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低virus n.病毒7. frustrated。力.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的f frustrate v,使恼怒；挫败contradictory十少相互矛盾的;对立的；不一致的f contradict o.同矛盾；否认，反驳infection n.感染；传染f infect ”使感染;传染8. transform ”.使改观;使改变形态 式.改变；转变f transformation改观；改变thinking n.思想；思维；见解f thin

3、k认为；思考掌握规律巧记单词transform（a使改观；使改变形态）+-ationf transformation .改观；改变例：considerf consideration .考虑 expectf expectation .预料； 期望 informinformation .通知；信息n.核心短语die from/of 因而死亡1. in time及时；迟早subscribe to 同意2. be to blame(对某事)负有责任as a result of 因为3. thanks to幸亏;由于attend to 照顾4. once and foe all最终地;彻底地in gen

4、eral 一般地;从总体上看5. stop in one s tracks 突然停T*a link between.and某事与某事之间的联系6. be likely to do sth.有可能去做某事III .经典句式1. until弓【导时间状语从句Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.直到英国医生约翰斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。2.

5、 where, who引导定语从句Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。3. have sth.doneAccordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。互动探究 探究重点互动撞击思维N重点词汇D Intima, he rose to become a famous doct

6、or, and even attmdfed to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。in time及时；终于；迟早intime作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。(l)You will succeed in time as long as you don t give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)The doctor came in time to save(save) his life.医生及时赶到并抢

7、救了他的生命。(3)Lucky for him, he was just in time for the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。K联想发散1 time相关短语荟萃：from time to time 有时；偶尔at a time 每次(3)in no time 立亥U； 马上at the same time 同时at one time 一度； 从前at no time绝不(置于句首时，句子常用局部倒装语序)attend诃出席；参加诃.&式.照顾；护理近.处理attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学attend to sb./s

8、th.照料；处理；招待attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人，照顾某人(4)0n the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.(2019-全国 HI)在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，我们应邀参加了在北海岸一个美丽的农场举行的一场私 人音乐会。(5)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother.她照顾生病的母亲，

9、受到了人们的称赞。(6)1 can t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.今晚我不能和你一 起出去，因为我有一件急事要处理。K 易混辨析H attend, join, join in, take part inXattend用来表示“出席，参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等正式场合)“，也指去听报告。上后表示参加某一团体，并作为其中一个成员，如：入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等； 如果后接人，那么表示参加某人的活动。上吊in后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。take part in后接活动，尤指多人参

10、加的群众性大型活动。K选词填空Xattend, join, join in, take part in(7)Those football players had strict training until they joined our club.(8)Why didn t you join us in the discussion about the plan last night?(9)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(10)Our team, ap

11、art from regular training, will take part in a variety of activities during the coming vacation.Snow subscriMJft the second theory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅（杂志或报纸）K一词多义 写出以下句子中subscribe to的汉语意思(l)He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.赞成； 同意(2)This is the

12、school your father subscribed to generously in the past.捐助(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订阅subscribeto把捐赠给;把签署在上(4)It is reported that many people have subscribed money to the education fund. 据报道，许多人向那项教育基金捐了款。Snow susnectM that the water

13、pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。suspect诃怀疑;认为n,被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人suspect that怀疑;觉得suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb.to be怀疑某人是 (l)She suspected that one of her three daughters一then ten, eight, and six一had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn t.她怀疑三个女儿(那时分别为10岁，8岁和6岁)中的一个捡起了它，但是这些孩子都说没有。(2)

14、Judging from what he said I suspect him to be a pickpocket.=Judging from what he said I suspect that he is a pickpocket.根据他的话判断，我怀疑他是个扒手。(3)What made you suspect her of having taken the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是她拿的？blame责备；谴责n.过失；责备Xbe to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任,应受责备blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth

15、.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事Xput/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人(4)Some social app companies were to blame because they didn t adequately check their users registration.一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该负责任，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够 严格。(5)Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英

16、语时因犯错误而受责备。(6)Blamed(blame) by his teacher, the boy was in low spirits.被老师责备后，这个男孩心情低落。K一句多译1很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and blame it on the alarm clock.(blame v.)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put/lay the blame on the alarm c

17、lock.(blame n.)Accordingly,he had the handlg of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。handle n.柄，把手；柄状物；把柄v.触摸；操作；处理 (1)1 turned the handle and found the door was open.我转动把手，发现门是开着的。(2)r m old enough to handle(handle) my own affairs.我已经长大了,可以处理我自己的事情。“处理”近义词组：deal with,

18、do with(3)How do you deal with a car accident after it happens? = What do you do with a car accident after it happens? 在交通事故发生后你怎样处理？Moreover,Snow was later able to show a Jink between other cases of cholera and thedifferent water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。link vt.& n.连接；联系

19、linkto将和联系或连接起来link up with与联合；使与衔接(l)r ve decided to block all the information from a friend, who constantly shares links to various health tips.我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地提供各种保健小贴土的链接。 (2)The police found that these fingerprints linked the suspect to the case.警方发现这些指纹把犯罪嫌疑人与案件联系起来。(3)They went on to the

20、 next town, where they linked up with the other party.他们继续赶路到 了 下 一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。Through Snow s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threatof cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺不懈的努力，自来水公司开始销售纯洁水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。decrease泣&几减少;(使)变小或变少n,减少；降低dec

21、rease to减少 到decrease by.减少 了decrease from.to.从减少至U。口 the decrease正在减少(1 )The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.该城市去年交通事故减少了百分之三十。(2)The number of new students in this school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 this year.今年这所学校的新生人数从2 100减少到1 600o (3)Because of human activities, the

22、number of some rare animals is on the decrease.由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。1名师点津Hdecrease的反义词increase的用法如下：Xincrease to 增加(长)到increase by 增加(长)了。口 the increase 在增加(4)The number of people buying houses in the countryside is on the increase. 在乡下买房子的人数正在增加。(5)To their delight, their salary has been increased b

23、y 20 percent since last year,令他们高兴的是, 自去年以来，他们的工资增加了 20%。Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanJksJo the work of John Snow幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了怎样防治霍乱。thanks to幸亏,由于其他表示原因的短语还有：because of, on account of, as a result of,常作状语，一般不 作表语，常可置于句首或句末。due to, owing to因为；由于，在句中作状语或表语。(l)Thanks t

24、o your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time. 多亏了你的及时帮助，我按时完成了工作。(2)Thanks to/Because of/Due to/Owing to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled. 因为糟糕的天气，比赛被取消了。(3)1 think my long and active life must be due to/owing to the healthy life I live.我想我(之所以)长 寿而且精力充分，要归功于我过的健康生活。Moreover

25、, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow tnmsfQmifid the way scientists studydiseases.而且，斯诺在使用地图和数据的过程中改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。transform诃.&泣转化；转换；改造；变换X transform.into使变成transform into转化成；改造为be transformed from.into.由变成Xtransformation/ 转化；转换；改造；变换There s no doubt that success and wealth transformed his chara

26、cter.毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。(2)He was transformed into a controversial figure, which affected his reputation a great deal.他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的名声影响很大。(3)Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another.一天当中的每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。经典句式Cholera used to be one of the most feared

27、diseases in the world, until a British doctor,直到英国医生约翰斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。画线局部是由until引导的时间状语从句，假设主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句 需用肯定形式，假设主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，那么主句常用否认式，构成notuntil结 构。倒装结构：局部倒装“Notuntil +谓语助动词+主语+谓语动词”。X强调结构：It is/was not until +时间从句或短语+ that+主句局部。(l)We 11 stay here until it stops raining. 我

28、们将一直待到雨停了再走。(2)He didn t leave the office until his boss came back.直到老板回来，他才离开办公室。(3)Yesterday, I waited for you at the bus station until 4 o clock in the afternoon.昨天我在汽车站一直等你到下午4点钟。(4)Not until he saw his mother, did the little boy smile.直到看到妈妈,小男孩才露出笑容。(5)It was not until the result of the exam w

29、as announced that he realized he had organized time badly. 直到考试结果公布，他才意识到没有利用好时间。Snow began by marking on a map the exact places whferg all those who died had lived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。Xwhere是关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词places,定语从句all those who died had lived缺少一个地点状语。Xwhere可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定转换成适当的“介词+w

30、hich”的形式。 表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, race, life, point 等)作先行词， 且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。(1 )They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic where they had a happy time.他们在泰坦尼克号上相遇并相爱，在那儿他们度过了愉快的时光。(2)They borrowed materials from the hospital where they d trained as nursin

31、g assistants.他们从他们作为护工而受训的医院里借了一些物资。(3)In the middle of the sitting room, there is a table where (=on which) many dishes are placed. 在客厅的中间有一张放着很多盘子的桌子。(4)They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan.他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。达标检测 当堂检测基础达标演练NI.单句语法填空It was Emma who was to blam

32、e(blame) for the accident.1. The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.2. We linked(link) up with them for a charity concert.3. I had to say that I was impressed by her handling(handle) of the affair.4. . After the accident, the injured were taken to the nearest hospital in no time

33、.5. It appears that producers and consumers have taken steps to decrease(decrease) these figures.6. The number of foreign students attending(attend) Chinese universities has been rising steadily.7. . My main reason for subscribing(subscribe) to New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science.8.

34、 Do you remember those puzzles where you had to transform one word into another since 1997.9. The young man was suspected(suspect)of stealing money from that apartment and was arrested, n.完成句子It seemed/seems that his wife was/is to blame for that matter.似乎他的妻子应该对那件事负责。10. Have you ever met with the occasion where you are mistaken?你是否遇到过被人误解的时候？11. We desire that immediate help be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. 我们渴望立刻给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们救援。12. In time they came to accept the cruel reality that they were abandoned.他们终于接受了被抛弃了的残酷现实。