高中英语---概要写作--素材.docx

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1、概要写作，考生并不陌生。在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者 复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打 下基础。除此之外，作为考生，耍积累常见的同义短语和句型 转换，掌握并熟 练运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相 应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因 此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功 夫，以不变应万变。另外，要进行适度地专题练习。这有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写 作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构 分析和主旨概括训 练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇

2、章结构的局，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握，提高写作能力。（二）使用非谓语动词，根据（一）中的改写句子进行仿写.我感到筋疲力尽，于是就早早地上床睡觉了。1 .我给他打电话，邀请他参加我的生日派对。2 .面对困难，我们永远都不应该灰心丧气。3 .他出生于1993年，今年快18岁了。4 .由于我对这个城市很了解，我感到就像在家一样。5 .刚才谈到的那个学生是我的同班同学。6 .生活在这儿的人忍受着污染之苦。7 .他迟到了让老师很不高兴。（三）使用倒装句改写下列句子didnt go to bed until Father came back.2. We can get along very well

3、with each other only in this way.3. A tall tower stands in front of the building.4. Travelling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons.39. spare no efforts to do 替换 try ones best to domany a 替换 many40. be rushed off ones feet 替换 be busy in doinga handful of 替换 a little / some41. meanwhi

4、le 替换 at the same timeget to ones feet 替换 stand up42. beneath 替换 underoccasionally 替换 sometimes /once in while43. for instance 替换 for exampleseldom 替换 not often44. wealthy 替换 richamazing 替换 surprising45. as a matter of fact 替换 in fact二.高级句型结构 It句型 It will be + some time + before.It wont be long befo

5、re humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. （ 2008 年 湖北卷）It is +被强调部分+ that*1） It is what

6、Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2） Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. more .than any other 表示最高级Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.名词从句It would mean a great deal to me to l

7、isten to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. （ 2004 全国 卷in） My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese Sch

8、ool. （NMET 2003） It was quite an experience for us both, which ril never forget for the rest of my life. （2002 北京卷）分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. （NMET 2001）Well mostly stay at home in the evening watch

9、ing TV, playing games, and meeting people. （2004 全国卷 ID Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. （2004 辽宁卷）Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. （2008 年湖南卷） with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He wa

10、s carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.倒装句The library is to the east of the teaching building. 一East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy. Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a

11、 useful man. (2002 上海卷)May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.! (2007 年湖南卷)被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004 全国卷 IV) New factories, houses and

12、roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)巧妙的改写(1) . Only 改成 no one butOnly Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.(2) . as soon as 改成 No sooner.than./Hardly.when./Immediately./The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.(3) ). have sb/sth do/doneThe girl was

13、 knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).(4) .变换插入语的位置However, they suggest fees should be charged low.They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese.Thi

14、s is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷 I).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.一Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.(200

15、2 上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world. (2008 年湖南卷)其它(1)注重句子的开头用with复合结构开头With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, we*ve learned how to analyze and settle problems. (

16、2006 年湖南卷)With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want. (2009 年江苏卷)用非谓语动词形式开头i ) In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.ii ) Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.(2)长短句交错使用(

17、注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好) 相关过渡语1) .表示时间顺序：first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later, first of all, finally, at last.2) .表示空间顺序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side.3) .表示比较、对照：like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise.4) .表示

18、因果关系：because, for, as a result, therefore, thus.表示递进关系：besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on topof.5) .表示并列关系：and, as well as, also.to conclude.6) .表示总结性：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,2019年高考英语一轮语法复习之简单句的五种基本句型躬耕英语百家号 10-1207

19、:10简单句的五种基本句型典型例句五种基本句型结构、句型1： Subject住语）+ Verb （谓语）（谓语为不及物动词）The red sunrises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。Lucy and Mary get upearly every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。His parents have workedin the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。

20、二、句型 2： Subject （主语）+ Link. V（系动词）+ Predicate（表语）Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师 30 岁了。The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。The leaves have turned yellow.树叶已经变黄了。三

21、、句型3： Subject（主语）+ Verb （谓语）（谓语为及物动词）+ Object （宾语）He put the dictionary in the backpack.他把词典放进了背包里。I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom,我冈ij才看至U她了，她正 在教室做作业。They havent decided when and where to hold the party.他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。She stopped teaching English two years

22、 ago.她两年前就不教英语了。Do you know when he left for Beijing?你知道他什么时候去的北京吗？Mother promised to give me a present.母亲答应要给我一件礼物。Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗？注意：跟不定式to do作宾语的动词有：打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect)假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)好像(see

23、m/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)注意：常要求接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶enjoy喜欢escape避免

24、excuse原谅fancy想不到feel like意欲finish完成forgive原谅give up放弃cannot help情不自禁imagine设想include包括keep保持mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习resist抵制risk冒险四、句型 4： Subject(主语)+ Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+ Direct object (直接宾 语)Mr.Smith taught us English last year.史密斯先生去年教我们英语。Grandma told me an i

25、nteresting story last night.奶奶昨晚给我讲了 一个有趣的故事。Would you please pass me that dictionary?=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?请你把那本词典递给我好吗？He bought his mother a new sweater with his first months salary.=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first months salary.他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。注意：

26、主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）。如果把表示物的直接宾语放在表示人的间接宾语前，需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着，向着，对着;for表示:为（某 人）潜（某人）。需 要 借 助 介 词 to 的 动 词W：bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write 等。需要借助介词 for 的动词有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare 等。五、句型 5： Subject（主语）+Verb （动词）+Object （宾语）+Compl

27、ement（补语）If you let me go. Ill make you king.（名词作宾补）Leave the door open.（形容词作宾补）We found Li Ming out when we arrived.（副词作宾补）Make yourself at home.（介词短语作宾补）I saw a stranger enter the building.（不定式作宾补）The boss kept them working all day.（现在分词作宾补）Yesterday he had his leg broken.（过去分词作宾补）5.1 was so angry

28、 that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.6. It is true that money can contribute to our happiness, but it is by no means everything.（四）使用强调句改写下列句子The villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment until all the fish in the river died out.（强调 until 从句）1. What should I d

29、o then?（强调 what）The old man found his wallet missing in the shop.（强调 in that shop）2. He realized what a terrible mistake he had made then.（强调 then）The ability to do the job matters, not where you come from or what you ar已（强调 the ability to do the job）（五）使用虚拟语气翻译下列句子.我要是你，我不会灰心的。1 .要不是你的帮助，我们不会取得这么大的

30、进步。2 .要是没电，生活会是另一番样子。3 .我多么希望我当时没说那话!4 .是人们该觉醒到污染的巨大危害的时候了。1. Being worn-out, I went to bed early.2. I called him up, inviting him to my birthday party.3. Never shall we give way to disappointment when faced with difficulties.4. = When faced with difficulties, we shall never give way to disappointme

31、nt.5. Born in 1993, he is nearly 18 years old.6. Being very familiar with his city, I feel myself at home.7. People living here are suffering from pollution, not where you come from or what you areHis being late made the teacher unhappy.1. Not until Father came back did I go to bed.2. Only in this w

32、ay can we get along very well with each other.3. In front of the building stands a tall tower.4. Not only can travelling relax us, but also broaden our horizons.5. So angry was I that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.1. It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the vill

33、agers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment.2. What is it that I should do then?3. It was in that shop that the old man found his wallet missingIt was then that he realized what a terrible mistake he had made.4. It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from o

34、r what you are.1. If I were you, you wouldnt lose heart.2. Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.3. Without electricity（=If there were no electricity）, life would be quite different.4. How I wish I hadnt said that then.5. It is high time that people awake to the great danger

35、of pollution.（二）使用非谓语动词，根据（一）中的改写句子进行仿写.我感到筋疲力尽，于是就早早地上床睡觉了。1 .我给他打电话，邀请他参加我的生日派对。2 .面对困难，我们永远都不应该灰心丧气。4他出生于1993年，今年快18岁了。5 .由于我对这个城市很了解，我感到就像在家一样。6 .刚才谈到的那个学生是我的同班同学。7 .生活在这儿的人忍受着污染之苦。8 .他迟到了让老师很不高兴。（三）使用倒装句改写下列句子1.1 didnt go to bed until Father came back.2. We can get along very well with each oth

36、er only in this way.3. A tall tower stands in front of the building.4. Travelling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons.5.1 was so angry that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.6. It is true that money can contribute to our happiness, but it is by no means everything.（四）使

37、用强调句改写下列句子The villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment until all the fish in the river died out.（强调 until 从句）1. What should I do then?（强调 what）The old man found his wallet missing in the shop.（强调 in that shop）2. He realized what a terrible mistake he had made then.（强调 then）Th

38、e ability to do the job matters, not where you come from or what you are.（强调 the ability to do the job）（五）使用虚拟语气翻译下列句子.我要是你，我不会灰心的。1 .要不是你的帮助，我们不会取得这么大的进步。2 .要是没电，生活会是另一番样子。3 .我多么希望我当时没说那话!4 .是人们该觉醒到污染的巨大危害的时候了。9. Being worn-out, I went to bed early.10. I called him up, inviting him to my birthday p

39、arty.11. Never shall we give way to disappointment when faced with difficulties.12. = When faced with difficulties, we shall never give way to disappointment.13. Born in 1993, he is nearly 18 years old.14. Being very familiar with his city, I feel myself at home.15. People living here are suffering

40、from pollution, not where you come from or what you areHis being late made the teacher unhappy.6. Not until Father came back did I go to bed.7. Only in this way can we get along very well with each other.8. In front of the building stands a tall tower.9. Not only can travelling relax us, but also br

41、oaden our horizons.10. So angry was I that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.6. It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment.7. What is it that I should do then?8. It was in that shop that the old man foun

42、d his wallet missingIt was then that he realized what a terrible mistake he had made.9. It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.6. If I were you, you wouldnt lose heart.7. Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.8. Without electrici

43、ty(=If there were no electricity), life would be quite different.9. How I wish I hadnt said that then.10. It is high time that people awake to the great danger of pollution.使用部分倒装的情况l.only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时。如：Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。Onl

44、y with more practice can you pass the driving test. 只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如： Only that girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。2,含有否定意义的副词(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首时。如：Seldom in all my life have 1 met such a brave man,我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。Never did she care about

45、 her own safety, though she was in great danger herself虽然她处于极大的危险之中， 但她根本不顾自己的安全。 3.not until位于句首时。如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直至U失去健康才会戒酒。 4.在110$00

46、优匚.如11.,1祖丫品“1丫必正1乂.1.结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部 分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)。如：Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried. 那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country. 那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。 5.not only.(but also)位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分 句则不倒装。如：Not only do

47、es he teach in school, but hewrites novels. 他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently. 她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。 6.so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如：She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连，我也去过。John cant speak Japanese, nor can

48、Helen.约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。但同意对方的看法，表示“是的、确实之意时，用“so+主语+be/have /助动词/情态动词”句式，即主 谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如：Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany., and so did I.A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she(安徽2003) 7.as/thoush引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词/名词/动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。 如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如：Brave as they wer