sunrise四级六级英语应试写作的实战技巧.doc

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1、英语应试写作的实战技巧一、总论大学英语四级考试大纲规定，短文写作考试时间为30分钟，要求学生写出一篇不少于120词的短文（120150词，1215句）。一般均为命题作文，并对作文内容通过提纲、提示或图表予以限制。短文写作的题型主要包括提纲作文、提示作文、图表作文、写文章摘要和大意及书信、简历等应用文写作。提示作文又包括中文或英文提示和关键词提示等。二、评分标准（一）评分标准：写作0分不及格，低于6分倒扣差额。15分：内容切题，文章通顺，句式变化多样，用词面较宽。总体评分（globe scoring）（二）写作的两个能力：1、谋篇能力，能合理安排文章框架。2、遣词造句的能力。（三）整体注意事项：

2、1. 写好第一段、第二第三段 主题句，结尾句。三段以上2. 时态，主谓一致（有主语，强调内容作主语），单复数，拼写（用有把握的表达方式）3. 内容分配合理，呈板块状分布，结构清晰，及提纲一致，展开段应略长。4. 字数一定要够（123579）三、内容（一）写作的内容如何展开：1. brainstorming 联想相关词，理顺观点。2. 确定文章的中心词和段落的主题句，围绕这个核心展开。全文中心可以是事物，而段落中心多为观点。3. 观点分析法（较难），观点例证法（归谬法、罗列法）。4. 主题句要能统领全段，不能太具体，也不能太泛。5. 注意段落之间的连贯性，一致性和完整性。（二）内容展开时的注意事

3、项：1) 谨慎套用范文，或范文中的句子，要摸清题目内涵，各段紧扣主题要求。2) 避免想到什么写什么，注意文章的条理性。3) 注意文章的平衡性，每个分论点展开力度应基本一致。四、语言（一）句式11 作主语、宾语的特殊用法 形容词、动词、从句做主语12 作定语的特殊用法 分词、定语从句、同位语13 作状语的特殊用法 独立主格、介词短语14 特殊句型被动句、祈使句：Imagineliving in a world without a single drop of fresh water. That would be extremely unbearable, wouldnt it?that you

4、are offered a job interview you have been dreaming of for months. What would you do first?Supposea poor high school graduate being admitted by a famous university. Would he feel happy or worried?倒装句Only when youface the birds in the woodwill youunderstand the beauty of naturework as a peasant fully

5、understand the harm of wasting food. 平行结构Loving nature means loving ourselves.The more alternative, the more difficult the choice. -Abbe DAllaivaThe miracle is this-the more we share, the more we have. -Leonard NimoyThe more we have, the more we want. And for this reason, we never have it all. -Joyc

6、e BrothersThe better we feel about ourselves, the fewer times we have to knock somebody else down to feel tall. -Brian Lanker强调句 (文章开头)（二）用词Bad things: disadvantages, problem, negative factors, dark side, nightmare, headache, tumor, pain, calamity, disaster, catastrophe, threat, blow, shame, dreadfu

7、lGood things: advantages, merits, help, positive factors, help, superb, marvelous, excellent, outstanding, shining, golden.appear: arise, come into being, mushroom:attitude: mentality e.g. Get-rich-quick mentalitybetter than: superior to, inferior tocause: lead to, give birth to, give rise to, resul

8、t in, bring aboutchange: convert, transform, vary, changingvaryingchoice: option, substitute, alternative( have no alternative but)compromise: give way to damage: impair, undermine, deteriorate, aggravate , do harm todecide to do下决心做: be determined to do, resolve to do, be resolved to different from

9、: distinguished from , distinct fromto go through / experience / undergo+ incredible hardship / radical changes / : witness, seefamous: eminent, distinguished, renowned, reputable(having a good reputation)force: might powerful: mightyGet, have: have/get access to, be available to, harbor the attitud

10、e/opinion, derivefromobtain, secure, attain, in possession of hopeful: promisingimportant: prior to, crucial, primary concern, it is highlighted by mounting evidence that if we sth has become a major concern among environmental scientists. to attach great importance to sth.know: be awareconscious of

11、the increase in: the (dramaticrapid) riseexpansiongrowth inof method/way: take measures to do, panaceas(灵丹妙药), 例句：There are no panaceas at all, and wed better face that. need: call for, demand, require(be required)more than: give way to , outweighresult: consequence, outcome the outcome of , as a co

12、nsequenceshow: signal, reveal，indicate, exhibitthe rich: well-to-do people, wealthy, the havesthingphenomenon: occurrence-a common/frequent/rare occurrencethink: wonder If, people are left to wonder how shall we solve the , believe: assumethreatenthreat: intimidate, pose a (formidable) threatdangerp

13、roblem to sb.sth.Value: cherish, savor, want: desire，aspire for, dream of, starve for, thirst foruse: employ, exploit, take advantage of, make use of youth: youngsters, juvenileSo far, Today,( In) these days, Up to now, To date, Nowadays, recently, in the past decade/ ten years, currently/In the pas

14、t two decades (In the past five years), / Ever since the implementation of the reform and open open-up policy in the late 1970s, millions of private enterprises (private schools/supermarkets/fast food restaurants/ .) have mushroomed all over China.句型：Safeguard/challenge the traditional views of virt

15、ue and values in China.Choose his own lifestyle when society is tolerant enough of various ideas and valuesPhrases and Sentences Used to Start an Essay时间状语：Nowadays, recently, in the past decade/ ten years, currently, e.g.:1. We live in a time when, more frequently than ever before in history, peopl

16、e are living under undue stress/ faced with.2.In recent years,many Chinese families have ownedcars/ housesNowadays,computers /video cameras/Recently,mobile phones3. The government is (We are) seriously concerned with wildlife extinction (drug abuse/ widespread corruption/organized crimes/high unempl

17、oyment rate/4.Extensivestudies / statisticsreveal/indicate/ demonstrate/prove/show (that)tha 107 Chinese cities and 1231 small towns suffer water shortagessurveys/investigations 5. a heated debate (discussion) about the accession to WTO (private cars/ stocks/ brain- drain/Chinas football/.) is under

18、 way in China.6. Now an increasing number of people come to realize/ are convinced that time is money (knowledge is power/science and technology energize economic growth/we must learn to live in harmony with wildlife/weak nation has no international prestige/cheating never pays/science and technolog

19、y constitute the primary productive force/.).I. with theof, 7. With the (rapidly) growing popularity of Internet surfing (computers/cars/mobile phones/ pagers/PDP television/ ) in China, the quality of our lives is improving for the better.8. With the (rapid) growth/increase/expansion/decline of our

20、 economy (heavy industries/transportation system/market economy/ population/private enterprises/housing industry/ . ), an increasing number of problems, such as (water shortages/traffic jams/industrial pollution/waste of energy/desert spreading/ ), are beginning to surface.9. With the (rapid) develo

21、pment of science and technology (market economy/electronic industry/information industry/higher education/.) an increasing number of people come to realize that (knowledge is power/ a weak nation has no International prestige/education is of vital importance .)10. With the aggressive conquering of n

22、ature, we are facing the serious problem of environmental pollution (exhaustion of natural resources/extinction of wildlife/.).11. Without computer (cell telephone/ PDP television/cars /microelectronics/ telecommunication/Internet/genetics advances.), it would be difficult to imagine what a modern l

23、ife could be.II. As 12. As the market economy (the legal system/the living standard/the higher education system/ the highway network/the infrastructure/ . ) improves in China, free competition will increasingly replace all sorts of monopolies.13. As the public awareness of the market economy (popula

24、tion control/socialism and communism/wildlife preservation/ environmental protection/higher education/human rights/ anti-monopoly/creativity/competition/laws and regulations/.) heightens, the gap between China and the developed countries will gradually vanish (many social problems will be solved gra

25、dually).14. As far as is concerned,15. As the population of the earth expands at such an incredible speed, it becomes increasingly difficult for human beings to survive on the resources of land.III.There is 16. There is a growing/widespread popularity/concern about/that17. Currently, there is a wide

26、spread concern over drug abuse (high unemployment rate/wildlife extinction environmental pollution/ desertification/ organized crime/widespread corruption/ energy crisis/water shortages/traffic jams/increasing traffic accidents/ .).18. There is a wide spread concern that many large state-owned compa

27、nies are in deficit (quite a few Chinese cities face the problem of water shortages, industrial pollution and waste of energy/various kind of superstition flare up/.).19. There is sufficient evidence to show that20. There is no doubt that.21. There is no better time to startthan22. There are three m

28、ajor values of owning a car (a computer/an apartment/a mobile phone/a beeper/.). To begin with, . Next, . Last, . There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it. First(ly), . Second(ly), . Finally,23. There are some reasons for owing a car (traffic accidents/big fires in big cities/water shor

29、tages/destruction of virgin forests/ .).24. There are three basic differences between the large and small universities (cities and countryside/ceramics and plastics materials/.). In the small university, you. In the large university, you.25. There are various ways ( at least three ways/possible tech

30、niques /problems /methods/ approaches/ .) to do something. IV. It isthat/ (for sb. )to doIts hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing / terrible / discouraging / disheartening / humiliating / overwhelming / rampant / state of It goes without saying thatNowadays, its widely

31、believed / generally considered that结尾段It is imperative for us to take effective measures to correct the situation (fight corruption/hold back a tidal wave of crime/ terminate excessive exploitation of natural resources/ease water shortages/.).It is imperative for us to protect wildlife (to eliminat

32、e environmental pollution/to fight against organized crimes/to get ride of fake products/to ban drug abuse/to reduce traffic accidents.) now, before it is too late.It must be pointed out/ admitted /obvious thatIt is high time thatIt is well known that educationplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofo

33、urcountry, but its probably not so well known that educationisalsoimportanttothegrowthofaperson. reading plays a crucial role in achieving success nowadayshow to read efficiently is more important for a persons cultivation.18.The policy (The president/The major/The reform/The bidding for the 2008 Ol

34、ympic Summer Games) enjoys grass-root support for three main reasons.19.Smoking (alcoholic beverage/Drugs/Guns/Firecrackers/.) should he banned from college campuses for two reasons. The first reason is that. The other reason is that. (On the one hand,. On the other hand,.)20No pains, no gains. No m

35、oney, no honey (friendship/work/ promotion/ admission/love/ assistance/service/justice/.). No shirt (shoes), no admission.21We enjoy Internet surfing not because we are curious about new thing, but because Internet represents the latest technology.22.The possible solutions of the energy crisis (wate

36、r shortages/desertification/pollution/ these social problems/.) depends on three factors (and on specific situations).23.How successful your job interview will be depends upon your qualification, your professional experience and your academic intelligence, and upon such factors as your social skills

37、, your personality, your appearance and a piece of good luck.24.The three major reasons affecting (responsible for) the rapid economic growth (the widespread corruption/traffic accidents/fires/ wildlife extinction/the floods/desert spreading/ the collapse of new building/traveling fever/energy crisi

38、s/grassland decaying/.) are A, B, and C.25.Different people have different attitudes towards the biding of the 2008 Olympic Games (access to WTO/ private cars/high unemployment rate/Internet surfing/private schools/state monopoly of telecommunication/urbanization/stock/.) Some are in favor of. while

39、 others are against.26When it comes to the access to WTO (Internet surfing/private schools/brain-drain/e-business/high rate of unemployment/Chinas football/recycling/widespread corruption/.), most people believe that. but other people argue that.Others viewed the issue /changenegatively / with a neg

40、ative attitude, noting thatemploy/embrace / harbor a negative attitude towards the issue /changenoting that27.The high unemployment rate fuels the competition in the job market (social unrest/the confrontations between rich and poor/the higher-education fever/organized crime/the grass-root hatred ag

41、ainst corruption, injustice and crime/.).28.To lend or not to lend money to a friend (To be or not to be married) depends on specific situations.29.Heightened environmental consciousness, changing trade patterns and emerging technologies (Global coverage of Internet, access to WTO and all round open

42、-up to the world) are all having a major impact on Chinese heavy industries (English education in China).30.For years, extensive research efforts have been focused (centered) on decoding the book of life (development of optical computers/ elimination of desertification/human organ transplantation/.)

43、31.Nowadays, fire (corruption/higher education/drug abuse/pollution/wildlife extinction/Internet surfing / private cars/accession to WTO/ biding the 30th Olympic Games/organized crime/mobile phones/ unemployment/ high divorce rate/green house effect/ brain- drain/ private schook/7-day holidays/ tour

44、ism/.) has/have become a focus of attention.32.The case only reveals (exposes) the tip of an ugly iceberg of the 9rganized crime (widespread corruption/serious environmental pollution/the lack of reverence for laws and regulations/.)34 In spite of these problems of the private companies in China (th

45、e home-made instruments/private cars/joint ventures), their strengths far outweigh their weaknesses.35.All these reports reveal a painful fact that corruption is rapidly spreading like wild fire all over China; it invades every pore of our society, fueling rages of common people, hurting the interna

46、tional prestige, and threatening the safety of our nation.36.As far as recycling (family planning/environment protection/adult education) is concerned, there is still much room for improvement.37.Mastery of English vocabulary (Fighting crimes/Wiping out fake products/Cleaning up industrial pollution

47、/ Eradicating superstitions/Passing the National College Entrance Exams/ Getting, a high score in, GRE/Earning tuition by students alone.) is no picnic.38.Good, manners (Social skills/Good will/Sincerity/Honesty) open (s) the door to friendship(success/grass- roots support/popularity among fellow students.).结尾段1. Whilemanypeopleattachgreatimportancetothisproblem/tothisissue,norealeffectiveactionshavebeentakentosolveit. Therefore,inorderto,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoFirst, Second, 2. Knowingthenatureoftheproblemisim