中考完形填空解题技巧.docx

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1、中考完型填空解题技巧 解题的总体思路：1.总体把握要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。2.弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主（即记叙文），如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。3.重视主题句完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、

2、语气推测全文的主要内容。4.语境联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。5：再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。1 图可以帮助参考; 2 答案线索一定在文中;3 完形又称障碍式阅读，可当作阅读题来做完形填空所选的短文的文体多以记叙文为主。一般的解

3、题过程是： 1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句及其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。（难点）如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词（名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数词）多及文章的内容直接相关，虚词（介词，连词，冠词和感叹词）多及文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个

4、单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。4.验证答案，修正错误。着重注意这一点：文章是否顺畅。二、 解题技巧完型填空有哪些技巧，北京新东方一对一老师带你学习6种技巧，针对每种技巧给予例题学习：1、 前后照应利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：例1What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used

5、 to live_ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city 【解析】B 例2I was making a trip from Paris to London. At a small town near London, I stopped to do some s_ .As l was going into a very crowded shop. I saw a

6、 few young people talk in about something they had just b_【解析】本段主要讲作者在伦敦的一个小镇的经历。在第一空格上，由下文a very crowded shop这个词组可以推断应填shopping，这样就很容易判断第二空格内应填bought了。例3I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _ ,wash quickly and run downsta

7、irs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.A. leave the bed B.lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up【解析】C2、情感态度：较难题。其中形容词，副词中分为三种情感：(1) 正情感：happy amazing等(2)零情感：fast slow surprising等(3) 负情感：sad failure等例1 Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room . I offered him a “cong

8、ratulations”and walked to my usual table . To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine.A. politeB. loudC. warmD. cheerful【解析】A 形容词感情色彩+联系上下文。例2 Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed _37_unsure_

9、of himself, and was so pale that it _38_ us to look at him.37. A. unafraid B. unsure C. proud D. tired38. A. worried B. surprised C. taught D. hurt【解析】D 3、固定搭配例1On the train, Tom was looking l for his ticket because the conductor was coming _2 to his ticket.1. A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everyw

10、here2.A. down B. up C. in D. on【解析】第一空格选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come up to sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。例2 Whenever Im _ _, I still look back at that yearbook.47. A. away B. out C. behind D. down【解析】本文讲述了一位叫Ricky的学生的前后变化：从经常被大家嘲笑，没有自信到充满自信并被大家喜欢。此题为本文最后一题，想表明每当我遇到挫折时，总会想起那天的事情。b

11、e down，固定搭配，表示情绪低落的。例3 My next step was to which new activities students would like to have at our school. Many of them wanted a chess club and a volleyball team.43.A. carry outB. try outC. work outD. find out【解析】固定搭配和动词短语辨析： carry out 实施， try out 尝试， work out 解决 ，find out 找出+事实，真相 ，结合上下文，wanted a c

12、hess club and a volleyball team，下文的 collect information 得出答案为 D。4、词义辨析在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。在做首字母完型填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。例1After going a diet, a woman f l really good about herself-especially she was a 2 to fit into a pair of jeans.“Look, L

13、ook! She shouted while running downstairs toshow her husband.【解析】本段落主要讲一位女士经过减肥后可以穿得上一条牛仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看的情景。第一格表达主人公的感觉很好，因此填felt;第二格表达她能够穿上牛仔裤了，be able to为固定搭配。例2A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _what he means?A.think B. gue

14、ss C. know D. understand【解析】C 例3 “Well, if you change your mind, we are meeting tomorrow ,”he said before moving to another table.All that right, I thought about the 39 from Jeff.A. advice B. chanceC. messageD. offer【解析】D 5、中心主旨：文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。例1I had wanted to become president of Student Counci

15、l to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeffs team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his . The fact that it has made a difference in other peoples lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!A. luckB. spiritC. lifeD. success【解析】 D 例2

16、 I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my _ couldnt. so every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day card. A. Teachers B. mother C. father D. friends【解析】故本题选C。6、简单逻辑 ：分为因果，并列，转折，否定。例1 For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and stil

17、l dont think of herself. _ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made muchA. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before【解析】A 句意：如果不强迫她来到前面，在找全家福时她会站在后面。unless除非，如果不。although虽然，尽管。since自从，既然;before 在之前。例2 No one c

18、ould walk through any hallway 42 passing Jeffs smiling face. A. forB. fromC. withD. without【解析】D 最能凸显出 poster 效果的介词是without 否定介词及前面的no 相呼应，双重否定表肯定。7、情景还原例1The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my . I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word th

19、at I said. A. eye B. face C. heart D. mouth 【解析】 D故选择mouth.例2And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy (奇才) side of me - because I have never seen that face before. I looked at myself in the mirror, blinking (眨眼) so I could see more .A. easily B. quickly C. clearly D. differently 【解析】C 情景还原 In so

20、me parts of the world there are large deserts. There are no trees and (1)_ water there. Travelers must take food and (2)_ with them.The (3)_ animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. (4)_ can go without food and water for a long time. And besides he can carry heavy loads. People call the

21、 (5)_ “the ship of the desert”.The camel is very big. He has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long (6)_.The camels humps hold fat, and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. (7)_ pocket has a mouth which closes, and the food does not mix the water. When the camel (8)_ some

22、 water, he can get it out of the (9)_. The camels food is (10)_ and leaves of trees.( )1. A. no B. any C. not D. /( )2. A. milk B. water C. meat D. grass( )3. A. just B. other C. only D. another( )4. A. He B. They C. She D. It( )5. A. camel B. elephant C. cow D. horse( )6. A. mouth B. neck C. leg D.

23、 nose( )7. A. Either B. Each C. All D. Both( )8. A. was wanting B. wants C. is wanting D. wanted( )9. A. nose B. pockets C. mouth D. bags( )10. A. grass B. meat C. bread D. cake这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了沙漠之舟骆驼的生理特征和在沙漠中的作用。1.A. 并列连词and 连接的两个对等成分，前面是否定的，后面也应是否定的。2.B. 根据生活常识和上下文，在沙漠中旅行应该带水。3.C. 这句话的意思是：唯一能穿越沙漠的动物是

24、骆驼。other, another 是”其他”的意思，文章并没有谈及其他动物。just 做”仅仅”讲时是副词，不能加名词。only 则是形容词，用来修饰名词。4.A. 本文采用拟人的写法，用he代替camel。5.A. 本文只介绍了一种动物，那就是骆驼。6.B. 骆驼的脖子很长，这是一个基本常识。7.B. both 和either 适用于两者之间，根据twelve deep pockets 可以排除这两个选项。all 用于三者之上，且加复数名词。Each 加上单数名词表示”每个”。8.B. 这篇文章都使用了一般现在时态。9.B. 根据上文可知pocket 是骆驼的储水器官。10.A. 骆驼是食

25、草动物，这是一般的常识。sell, little, pleased, make, one, send, home, together, know, butJenny has just got a new computer. She is very (1)_ with it because she can use it to (2)_ E-mails to her friends. This computer was (3)_ by her father at home. His father is not a computer engineer, (4)_ he is a computer f

26、an. He (5)_ a lot about computers. He bought different parts of a computer (6)_ and then put them (7)_ to make a computer. “The home-made computers cost much (8)_ than the (9)_ which are (10)_ in computer shops, “ said Jennys father. 这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍的是Jenny 的父亲是一个电脑迷，他自己买来零部件在家里组装了一台电脑。并且Jenny 对这台电脑很满意。

27、1. pleased, 这是一个固定短语，be pleased with 意思是“对感到满意”。2. send, 有了电脑之后，Jenny 可以通过它给朋友们发邮件(send E-mail)了。3. made, 这里是一句被动语态，这台电脑是由她父亲在家里组装成的。4. but, 由上句“His father is not a computer engineer”和下句“he is a computer fan”可知一个表示转折含义的词。5. knows, 由上句“he is a computer fan ”可知他对电脑了解很多，这是主语为单数第三人称形式的一般现在时态。6. home, Jenny 的父亲是将零部件买回家在家里组装的电脑。7. together, puttogether 的意思是“把放在一起”，在这里则表示”组装”。8. less, 组装电脑比商店里出售的电脑便宜，由后面的than还知道这句话中的副词应用比较级。9. ones, 这是一个替代词，它及前面的“the home-made computers”相对应，因此应该使用复数形式。10. sold, 这也是一句被动语态，商店的电脑是被出售的。 7 / 7