2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件28：代词.ppt

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1、1、人称代词的替代和转换、人称代词的替代和转换;2、物主代词的性；、物主代词的性；3、else 的用法；的用法；4、不定代词的用法比较、不定代词的用法比较;5、it 的用法；的用法；高考考点分析1. 人称代词的指代问题人称代词的指代问题 ：It was _ who did it, but it was _ that we are talking about. A. he she B. him her C. him she D. he her 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语作主语或表语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home.约

2、翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作表语表语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语主语，例如：I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 问题中前后两个分句都是强调句，前面的代词作问题中前后两个分句都是强调句，前面的代词作 did it 的的主语，而后面的代词作主语，而后面的代词作 talking about 的宾语。的宾语。D2）在使用人称代词时，要注意其人称、数和格的一致。如： Jim and I saw the man passing by. Between you

3、and me, he stole a lot of money from somewhere. (私下跟你说吧，不知他从哪里偷了一大笔钱呢。) He asked three of us, John, Joan and me, to have dinner with him. Meat and fish are more expensive than they used to be. 不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及 whoever 和 person 在正 式场合使用时，可用 he, his, hi

4、m 代替。 Nobody came, did he?谁也没来，是吗?2. 人称代词之主、宾格的替换人称代词之主、宾格的替换 Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. （03全国卷）全国卷）AhimBheCI Dme 在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后， 多用宾格。- I like English. -我喜欢英语。- Me too.-我也喜欢。- Have more wine? -再来点酒喝吗?- Not me.-我可不要了。D - May

5、 I speak to John? - This is _ speaking. A. heB. hisC. himD. himselfa. 在介词在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 All but _ to the concert tomorrow. A. he and I am going B. he and I are going C. he and me are goingD. his and me am going b. 在电话用语中常用主格。在电话用语中常用主格。 - I wish to speak to Mary. - 我想和玛丽通话

6、。 - This is she. - 我就是玛丽。AB3. 物主代词的性物主代词的性问题问题4：- Is this camera like Bills and Anns? - No, but its almost the same as _. (1994) A. her B. yours C. them D. theirB解析：解析：形容词性的物主代词修饰名词，不能独用; 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s所有格结构，例如：That is my book. That book is mine. Theirs is a very large university. 另外，在动名词

7、前常加上形容词性的物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： Would you mind my opening the window?4. 反身代词反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。通常作宾语、表语和同位语。a. 作宾语：有些动词需有反身代词enjoy, help, amuse娱乐 , blame, dry, cut, hurt, introduce, behave, dress, keep, We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish.b. 作表语； be oneself: I am no

8、t myself today. 我今天不舒服。c. 作同位语 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。 A、some / any问题问题1 Theres_ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_? （04北京）北京） A. little; someB. little; any C. a little; someD. a little; any问题问题2 I asked him for some oil, but he hadnt _. (198

9、6) A. any B. some C. no D. anythingAA 说明：说明： some “一些”，一般用于肯定句中。 1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。 2) 当做“某一某一”解时，也可与单数名词单数名词连用。(= a certain) You will be sorry for this some day. A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.注意注意：some 用于其他句式中用于其他句式中: a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的， 或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like句式中，表委

10、婉请求或建议，如： Would you like some coffee? b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know. c. some 位于主语部分, Some students havent been there before. d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信 any “一些”，多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。 当表示 “任何一个” 的意思时，any 可用于

11、肯定句。Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。问题问题3： We havent enough books for ; some of you will have to share. （05全国卷1） Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody C：some, any, every 所构成的合成不定代词不能与 of 连用，只有分开才可接 of 短语。如： some one of us; every one of them 但要注意：none of them ( no one 后不接 of 短语

12、)B、 one，that 和和 it Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.（02N） thatoneitwhat The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (2001 N) A. theyB. itC. oneD. which I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, bec

13、ause I want to live near my Moms. （05天津卷） A. one B. that C. it D. this Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (05江西卷) AoneBonesCitDthose BBAB 说明：说明： one 表示泛指，that 和 it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it 与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.

14、(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了 C、 another / other / the other / others / the othersYoung people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _. (1993 上海) A. th

15、e other B. some other C. othersD. these others One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. (2000 北京春季) A. the other is whiteB. another white C. the other whiteD. another is white No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _. （05上海卷） A. ot

16、hers B. the otherC. eitherD. another CCB 说明：说明： one the other只有两个one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people / thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1) 泛指另一个用another。 2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用 one，另一个用 the other。3) 一定范围内三者，一个用 one，另一个用one (another)， 第三个可用the other，a third。4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用th

17、e others。5) 除去已有的，表示“还有多少”，一般有三个结构： another + 数量 + 名词； 数量 + other + 名词； 数量 + more + 名词。 D、 anyone / any one；no one / none；nothing Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. （04湖南） A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing We havent enough books for ; some of you will have to share. （0

18、5全国卷1） Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody She doesnt know anyone here. She has got_to talk to. （04广东） A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no oneBCD1. anyone 和和 any one anyone 仅指人,不与 of 连用；any one 既可指人,也可指物。2. no one 和和 nonea) none 后跟 of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而 no one 只 单独使用，只指人。 b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而 n

19、o one 作 主语，谓语动词只能是单数。 None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。 - Did any one call me up just now?- No one.3. none 和和 nothing none 只指量，指所指的一类人或物中一个都没有； nothing 泛指，什么东西都不存在。后面不接 of 短语。如： - Are there any eggs in the fridge? - None. In fact, there is nothing in the fridge.E、every 和和each _ he goes out for

20、some food. A. Every a few daysB. Every few daysC. Each few daysD. Every several daysB说明：说明：1)every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student may have one book.2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以 上的人或物 (含两个) 3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形 容词。 Every student has to take on

21、e. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。 We each have a glass to drink water with.5) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each 没有。6) every 与与not 连用，表示部分否定；连用，表示部分否定； each 和和not连用表连用表 示全部否定示全部否定。Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest.这儿每个人

22、都不诚实 F、 both, either, neither, all, any, none I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. （04北京） A. neitherB. eitherC. noneD. both - Do you want tea or coffee? - _. I really dont mind. (2000 北京春季) A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? - _

23、 way as you please. （04福建） AEachBEveryCAnyDEither I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. （04上海） A. both B. none C. neither D. allACCD 1）both (两者都)，either (两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。注意注意 both，either 的用法区别：的用法区别：

24、both与复数连用，either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever. Either of the two boys is clever. There are flowers on both sides of the street. There are flowers on either side of the street. 2）all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。 All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。 I dont like any of the flowers.这些

25、花我都不喜欢。 I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意注意：all 与与 none 用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there.G、few, little, a few, a little, a bit Although hes wealthy，he spends _ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a fewA spe

26、nd 所指的是钱，不可数，只能用 little 或 a little. 本句为 although 引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用 little 表示几乎不。 (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。 a bit of + 不可数名词 not a little = much; not a bit = not at allHe has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still

27、 have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 There is only a bit of ink in the bottle. We are not a little tired because we have been working for almost twenty hours. Although he had walked a long way, he didnt feel tired a bit.考题点击：考题点击：1) - Did you go on many of the hunting t

28、rips? - No, _. A. not much B. little at all C. fewer D. very few2) - Are you feeling tired after the game? - _. In fact, I feel quite relaxed. A. Not a little B. Not a bit C. Not little D. Not bit3) Tom never goes out to eat because he has _ money. A. fewB. littleC. a littleD. a few4) _ friends Bett

29、y had made there were all invited to her birthday party. (1997 上海) A. Few ofB. FewC. The fewD. A fewDBBC- Victor certainly cares too much about himself.- Yes. Hes never interested in what _ is doing. （05重庆卷）重庆卷） (B) A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else else 常与不定代词连用，用来表示常与不定代

30、词连用，用来表示“别的别的人或人或物物”，近几年已成为高考中的热点。，近几年已成为高考中的热点。 no one else = nobody else，表示，表示“没别的人没别的人”，someone else 表示表示“别的某个人别的某个人”, anyone else 表示表示“别的任何人别的任何人”。 If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be? (NMET2001) Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwho elses 除了不定代词外，另一种可以与除了不定代词外，另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。连用的词就是

31、疑问词。else 结构的所有格是在结构的所有格是在else后加后加-s。 1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2. it指代时间,季节,距离.3. it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think , find, make, believe, )4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.5. It is that.的强调句型.内容提要内容提要1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。 例如：Who is the baby? Its my teachers sonWho is that gentleman?Its my f

32、riend, TomHe (不可用It) wants to see you 【典型例题典型例题】 (NMET2001) ) The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which B B2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。 Its half an hours walk from here to our school Its nice and warm hereBut its two oclock now, and

33、its time for us to go to school 注意下列几种表示时间的句型注意下列几种表示时间的句型 . .It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . Its high time that we left.It is the first ( second . ) time that . Its the first time that I have been praised.It is . since . Its three years since they got married.It is / was . when . It was

34、 1949 when the PRC was founded.It is / was . before . It will be two years before we meet again.3. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构结构”。 6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1 指的是形式宾语 it； 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名形容词或名 词；词； 3 指的是真正宾语的三种

35、形式：不定式短不定式短 语语, , 动名词短语或动名词短语或 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句。 4. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 此句型中的真正主语是不定式短语，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult ,dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant在中的形容词作表语可以用从句

36、改写，在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the partyIt作形式主语时的几个常见句型作形式主语时的几个常见句型: . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式如果须要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词 of, 而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , go

37、od （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest(谦虚的 ), naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. . It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花某人” It took me ages to repair my computer. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good ,

38、 no use , no value, no importance Its no use crying over the spilt milk. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 不论（是否）没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or not. It happens (seems, appears ) that. It happened that I had seen this problem in some book. It is said (reported, learned.) that . “据说

39、”（据报道，据悉） It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. . It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去. It is suggested

40、( ordered . ) that . that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省常译为据建议；有命令） . It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做”。该句型中 up后的to是介词。 It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。 It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。 5. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于 th

41、at 之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法: It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 强凋“直到才”，需将 not 置于 until 之前1.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made (NMET97，单项填空)AthatBuntil CbeforeDwhen 2._computers play such

42、an important part in our daily life?AWhy it is thatBWhy is it thatCWhy was it that DWhy is it B BA A3. It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil BthatCthenDso4. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_ attracted the audiences interest. A. so that B. that C. what D. in whichB BB B