冀教版七年级英语下unit1-6语法和作文(7页).doc

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1、-冀教版七年级英语下unit1-6语法和作文-第 7 页Unit 1 数词：数词是表示数目和顺序的词。数词分为基数词和序数词。三位数或三位数以上的基数词的构成是在百位和十位之间（若十位为零，则在百位和个位之间）用and连接。250 two hundred and fifty 708 seven hundred and eight24 320 twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty1. hundred, thousand, million(百万), billion(十亿)前面有具体数字时，本身不加s。eg: seven hundred 700

2、eight thousand 80002. 表示不确定数目时，要用其复数形式+of。eg: hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的Plan of Our TripI will go on a trip to Beijing with my parents. We want to go there by train. We leave Shijiazhuang on Friday morning and arrive in Beijing in the afternoon. Then we have a good rest in the hotel. On Sa

3、turday, we want to visit some places of interest, such as Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. On Sunday, we go to the Birds Nest, then we go back to Shijiazhuang. 注： have a good rest:好好休息 such as:例如A trip to BeijingI will go on a trip to Beijing with my friends this Saturday. We

4、want to go there by train. Because a train is fast. We want to visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. I want to buy some presents for my family. I want to buy a T-shirt for my mother. I think well have a good time there.Unit 2 名词复数：在英语中，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词由单数变为复数的形式有规则变化和不规则变化

5、两种。可数名词：1. 规则变化（1） 一般情况下，在名词后面加s。 eg. map-maps地图 book-books书（2） 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es。eg. brush-brushes刷子 bus-buses公共汽车（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es。eg. country-countries国家 baby-babies婴儿（4） 以f或fe结尾的名词，多变f或fe为ves，但也有例外。 eg. knife-knives小刀 leaf-leaves 叶子（5） 以o结尾的名词，有些加es（有生命的事物）。eg. Potato-potatoes土豆 tomat

6、o-tomatoes西红柿 hero-heroes英雄 negro-negroes黑人有些加s（无生命的事物）。 eg. Radio-radios收音机 zoo-zoos 动物园2. 不规则变化（1） 将a变成e eg. man-men男人woman-women 女人 注：与man, woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men和women。 eg. A man doctorfour men doctors 四位男医生 a woman teachertwo women teachers 两名女教师（2） 单复数同形 eg. sheep-sheep绵羊 ChineseChinese中国人 dee

7、r-deer鹿（3） 特殊记忆的名词 eg. foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙齿 child-children孩子可数名词的复数变化规律名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s；辅音字母+y型，变y为i加es; sh, ch真有趣，s, x都+es; f, fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记。字母o真神奇，有生命加es，没有生命加s。可数名词复数特殊变化规律中日好友来聚会，绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。男士、女士a变e; 牙、脚双o变双e；孩子们想去天安门，原形后面r, e, n; 老鼠本来爱大米，mice, ice和rice。现在进行时概念：表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，或目前这一阶段正在

8、进行或发生的动作。构成：be(am, is, are)+现在分词，be要与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。现在分词变化规则：+ ing; 以不发音e结尾, 去e+ing; 辅+元+辅结尾，最后只有一个辅，双写此辅+ing;以ie 结尾，变ie为y +ing.1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。Eg: Im watching TV now. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，而在说话时不一定在进行。eg: He is learning English this year. 今年他在学英语。3. 现在进行时也可以表示即将发生的动作，表示按计划或安排好的事情，常用于go, come, leave, arr

9、ive等动词。Eg: We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天出发去北京。注意: (1) 判断一个句子是否用现在进行时，一般来说，要看这个句子所用的时间状语，如now, listen, look等。 Eg: Listening! The girl is singing in the room.(2) 有些没有时间状语的句子，可以通过上下文的意思来判断。 Eg: Be quiet! My father is sleeping. 安静点！我爸爸正在睡觉。On the Train to BeijingMy name is Li Ming. My parent

10、s and I are on the train to Beijing. There are many people on the train. Some people are playing cards and some are listening to music. My father is talking with others. My mother is reading newspapers. She is quiet. I am looking out of the window. I can see some green trees, and some small villages

11、. We have milk and bread for our lunch. We are all having fun on the train. We arrive in Beijing at 5:00 in the afternoon. I hope well have a good time there. 注：play cards: 玩牌My New friendJim is my new friend. He is from Canada. He is thirteen years old. He is a student, too. When I went on a trip t

12、o Shanghai, I met him on the train. He lives in Shanghai with his parents. He studies in a middle school. He likes china. He wants to visit a lot of places of interest in China. He likes Chinese food very much. He loves drawing and playing football. He can also speak a little Chinese. He hopes to ma

13、ke more Chinese friends.注： go-went去 meet-met遇见，结识 middle school-中学 draw-画画 playing football 踢足球 make friends交朋友Unit 3 There be 句型There be 句型表示“在某地有某人或者某物”。句型结构：There + be + 某人/某物 + 地点/时间状语。1.there be 句型中的主谓一致原则。(1) 主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，be要用is。Eg: There is some water in the bottle.(2) 主语为复数名词时，be要用are。Eg:

14、There are some men under the tree.(3) there be 句型后的主语是由and 连接的并列名词时，be 的形式要与邻近的主语保 持一致，采取“就近原则”。Eg: There is a book and two pens in the bag.2.there be 结构的句型变化：there be 句型变为否定句时，在be 后面加not；变为疑问句时，将be 提到句首。肯定回答： Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isnt / arent.3.在there be 句型中，动词be 要随时态的变化而变化。Dear Mary

15、,How are you? Im in Beijing now. The weather in Beijing is sunny.Beijing is a beautiful city with a very long history. I visit the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square and the Palace Museum. Theyre great. I take a lot of pictures there. Ill show them to you as soon as I go back to Canada. I think youll like

16、 them.Please write to me soon.Love,JennyDear Dad,How are you？Mom and I are in Beijing now. Were fine. Beijing is a big and beautiful city. We visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and many other interesting places. And we also eat lots of delicious food and go shopping at Wangfujing Street. I bu

17、y a gift for you. We take many pictures in Beijing. Were having fun. Dont worry about us.Yours,Wu Fang注：delicious: 美味的Unit 4一般过去时概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, ago 等。构成：主语+动词过去式+其他含be 动词的句式：动词be 的过去式，was 和were 要牢记；否定句：was/were

18、 后面not 添；疑问句：was/were 站到主语前。含实义动词的句式：实义动词作谓语有特点，否定、疑问句要请did 来成全；还有动词记得要还原。1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此时常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning, just now, ago, last 等时间状语连用。Eg: I went to Beijing yesterday.2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often, always 等频度副词连用。Eg: She often watched TV after supper last yea

19、r.3. 表示过去发生的一连串动作。Eg: This morning, she got up at six five, had breakfast and walked to work.动词的过去式 如果句子的时态为一般过去时，句中的谓语动词要变为动词的过去式。动词的过去式的构成分为两种：规则变化和不规则变化。1. 规则动词的过去式的构成：（1）直接加ed。Eg: look-looked（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加d。eg: like-liked（3）以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。Eg: cry-cried（4）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节单词，先双写这个辅音字母

20、再加ed。Eg: shop-shopped stop-stopped2. 常见的不规则动词的过去式:Am/iswas go-went comecame dodid havehad see-saw eat-ate buy-bought fall-fell hurt-hurt say-said take-took break-broke fly-flew find-foundDear Li Hua,How are you? Im fine. Last week, I went to Beijing. I visited Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and

21、 the Great Wall. I also took some pictures there. I had fun. I walked to Wangfujing Street. I bought a special gift for you. I hope you like it. I will send the gift and some pictures to you. Please write me soon.Yours,Li MingLast Saturday was my friend Lucys birthday. My classmates and I went to he

22、r birthday party. I bought a red T-shirt as a birthday present. Lucy liked it very much. There was a big birthday cake and a lot of delicious food at the party. We sang a birthday song to her. We had a great time!Unit 5 频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数的副词，通常和一般现在时连用。常用的频度副词按频率由大到小排列：always一直，总是；usually通常；often经常；som

23、etimes有时；seldom很少；hardly ever几乎不；never从不。1. 对频度副词提问时，需用how often。 How often do you see your grandpa？2. 在句中的位置：一般放在 be 动词（am, is, are, was, were）、助动词(do, does, did 等)、情态动词（can, may 等）之后。 实义动词之前。 Eg: He is always like a little boy. I often go shopping by bike.3. sometimes有时，sometime某时，some times几次，som

24、e time 一段时间。 Eg: I will visit you sometime next month. Sometimes I go to school on foot.I have a foreign classmate. Her name is Mary. She is thirteen years old. She is from Australia. Mary often helps me with English and I help her to speak Chinese. She likes singing very much. Sometimes she teaches

25、 me to sing English songs. She also likes learning Chinese.Mary often says she likes living in China. And she says she wants to talk with a lot of people in China.I have a good friend. He is a boy. His name is Robert. He comes from England. He has big eyes and they are round and bright. We knew each

26、 other last year. From then on, we become good friends.At weekends, we often play basketball together. He plays it well. He often teaches me English and I teach him Chinese. We are good friends.Unit6Be going to 构成的一般将来时 是除will/shall 之外的一种一般将来时的常用表达方式。一般是指通过计划或安排将要发生的动作或保持的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow

27、，next week/month/year/term等。Be going to 后要接动词原形。Be going to 句型分类 构成 例句 肯定句主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.I am going to have lunch. 我准备吃午饭。 否定句主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.Jim isnt going to come back.吉姆没打算回来。一般疑问句Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?Are you going to finish it tomorrow? 你打算明天完成它吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词

28、原形+其他?Where are they going to travel? 他们将去哪儿旅游？注意：He is going swimming. 他将去游泳。（现在进行时表将来）感叹句 用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子称为感叹句。感叹句多由what或how 引导，句尾使用感叹号。基本构成：1. What 引导的感叹句基本结构：What+ a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！注意：口语和非正式用语时，括号内的主语和谓语可以省略。 2. How引导的感叹句基本结构： How + a/an +单

29、数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！ How +形容词+ (主语+谓语)！ How +副词+ (主语+谓语)！ How + 主语 + 谓语！在感叹句中，what 所修饰的中心词为名词，名词前有时会有a/an, 一般会有形容词。 How 修饰形容词或副词, 个别情况how 后直接跟主语和谓语。Eg: What a lovely dog it is! How beautiful the flowers are! What bad weather it is! How fast he runs! What beautiful flowers they are! How time flies!My Favou

30、rite SeasonSpring is my favourite season. Its a sunny and beautiful season. I like spring because I like to fly kites. On windy days, my friends and I often fly kites near the pond. When we are tired, we usually lie on the grass and watch the clouds in the sky. I also like to have a picnic with my f

31、riends in spring. We sing, dance and talk happily. Do you like spring?Im Li Ming. I live in Handan. In Handan, spring is windy and sunny. I often fly kites or climb hills with my friends. I dont like summer at all because it is very hot in summer. I have to stay at home in summer holidays. I like autumn best. The weather is cool. Sometimes I pick apples with my family on Sunday. Its cold and snowy in my city in winter. Its the best season to go skating and skiing. We usually throw snowballs and make snowmen on snowy days. We always have a good time together.