2022年外文翻译计算机专业推荐 .pdf

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1、111MicrosoftVisual Studio Introduction1 Microsoft Visual StudioMicrosoft Visual Studio is anintegrateddevelopmentenvironment from Microsoft. Itcan be used todevelop console and graphical user interface applications alongwith Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services i

2、nboth native code together with managed code for all platforms supported by MicrosoftWindows,WindowsMobile,WindowsCE,.NETFramework,.NETCompactFrameworkandMicrosoft Silverlight.VisualStudio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense as wellas coderefactoring. The integrated debugger works both as

3、 a source-level debugger and amachine-leveldebugger.Otherbuilt-intoolsincludeaformsdesignerforbuilding GUI applications, web designer,classdesigner,and databaseschemadesigner.Itacceptsplug-ins that enhancethe functionality at almost every level includingaddingsupport for source-control systems(like

4、Subversion and Visual SourceSafe)and addingnew toolsets like editors and visual designersfor domain-specific languagesor toolsetsforother aspects ofthe software development lifecycle(likethe Team FoundationServerclient: TeamExplorer).Visual Studio supports different programming languages by means of

5、 languageservices,which allow the code editor and debuggerto support (to varying degrees)nearlyany programming language,provided a language-specificservice exists.Built-in languagesinclude C/C+ (via Visual C+), VB.NET (via Visual Basic .NET), C# (via Visual C#),and F# (as of Visual Studio 2010). Sup

6、port for other languages such as M,Python,and Ruby among others is available via language services installed separately. It alsosupportsXML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML,JavaScriptand CSS.Individual language-specificversions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited languageservicesto theuser:Microso

7、ft Visual Basic,Visual J#,Visual C#,andVisual C+.Microsoft provides Express editions of its Visual Studio 2010 componentsVisualBasic, Visual C#, Visual C+, and Visual Web Developer at no cost. Visual Studio 2010,2008 and 2005 ProfessionalEditions, along with language-specificversions(Visual Basic,C+

8、, C#, J#) of Visual Studio 2005 are available for free to studentsas downloads viaMicrosofts DreamSparkprogram.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 1122 ArchitectureVisualStudio does not support any programming language, solutio

9、n or toolintrinsically.Instead, it allows plugging in various types of functionality.Specificfunctionality is coded as a VSPackage.When installed, the functionality is available asa Service. The IDE provides three services: SVsSolution, which provides the ability toenumerate projects and solutions;

10、SVsUIShell, which provides windowingand UIfunctionality (including tabs,toolbars andtool windows); andSVsShell, which deals withregistration of VSPackages.In addition, the IDE is also responsiblefor coordinating andenabling communication betweenservices. All editors, designers,project types and othe

11、rtools areimplementedasVSPackages.Visual Studio usesCOM to accessthe VSPackages.The Visual Studio SDK alsoincludes the ManagedPackageFramework (MPF), which is asetof managedwrappersaroundthe COM-interfaces that allow the Packagesto be writtenin any CLI compliant language. However, MPF does not provi

12、de all the functionalityexposed by the Visual Studio COM interfaces. The servicescan then be consumed forcreationof otherpackages,which addfunctionality to the Visual Studio IDE.Support for programming languagesis addedby using a specific VSPackagecalleda LanguageService. A languageservice defines v

13、arious interfaceswhich the VSPackageimplementation can implement to add support for various functionalities. Functionalitiesthat can be addedthis way include syntaxcoloring, statementcompletion, brace matching,parameter informationtooltips,member listsand errormarkers forbackgroundcompilation. If th

14、e interface is implemented, the functionality willbe available for thelanguage. Language services are to be implemented on a per-language basis. Theimplementations can reuse code from the parser or the compiler for the language.Languageservicescanbe implemented either in native codeor managedcode.Fo

15、r nativecode, either the native COM interfaces or the Babel Framework (part of Visual StudioSDK) can be used. For managedcode, the MPF includes wrappers for writing managedlanguageservices.Visual Studio doesnot include any sourcecontrol support built in but it defines twoalternative ways for sourcec

16、ontrol systemscan integrate with the IDE. A SourceControlVSPackagecan provide its own customised user interface. In contrast, a source controlplugin using the MSSCCI (Microsoft Source Code Control Interface) provides a set offunctions that are usedto implement various source control functionality, w

17、ith a standard名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 113Visual Studio userinterface. MSSCCI was first usedto integrate Visual SourceSafewithVisual Studio 6.0 but was later openedup via the Visual Studio SDK. Visual Studio .NET2002

18、 used MSSCCI 1.1, and Visual Studio .NET 2003 usedMSSCCI 1.2. Visual Studio2005, 2008 and2010 useMSSCCI Version 1.3, which addssupport for renameand deletepropagationaswell asasynchronousopening.Visual Studio supportsrunning multiple instancesof the environment. The instancesusedifferent registry hi

19、ves (seeMSDNs definition of the term registryhive in the senseused here) to store their configuration state and are differentiated by their AppId(Application ID). The instances are launched by an AppId-specific .exe that selectstheAppId, setsthe root hive and launchesthe IDE. VSPackagesregisteredfor

20、 oneAppId areintegratedwith other VSPackagesfor that AppId. The various product editions of VisualStudio arecreatedusing the different AppIds. The Visual Studio Expressedition productsare installedwiththeirownAppIds,butthe Standard, Professional and TeamSuite products sharethe sameAppId. Consequentl

21、y,one can install the Express editionsside-by-side withother editions, unlike the other editions which update the sameinstallation. The professionaledition includes a supersetof the VSPackagesin the standardedition and the team suite includes a supersetof the VSPackagesin both other editions.The App

22、Id systemis leveragedby the Visual StudioShell in Visual Studio2008.3 Features3.1 CodeeditorVisual Studio, like any other IDE, includes a code editor that supports syntaxhighlightingandcodecompletionusingIntelliSensefornotonlyvariables,functionsand methodsbut also languageconstructslike loops andque

23、ries.IntelliSenseis supported for the included languages, as well as for XML and for Cascading StyleSheetsand JavaScript when developing web sites and web applications. Autocompletesuggestionsare popped up in a modelesslist box, overlaid on top of the code editor. InVisual Studio 2008 onwards, it ca

24、n be madetemporarily semi-transparentto seethe codeobstructedby it. Thecodeeditor is usedfor all supportedlanguages.VisualStudiofeaturesbackgroundcompilation(alsocalledincrementalcompilation). As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background inorder to provide feedback about syn

25、tax and compilation errors, which are flagged with ared wavy underline. Warnings aremarkedwith a greenunderline. Background compilation名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 114doesnot generateexecutablecode, since it requires a d

26、ifferent compiler thanthe one usedtogenerate executable code.Backgroundcompilationwasinitiallyintroducedwith Microsoft Visual Basicbut hasnow beenexpandedfor all included languages.3.2 DebuggerVisual Studio includes a debuggerthatworks both asa source-leveldebuggerandasamachine-level debugger.It wor

27、ks with both managedcode aswell asnative codeand canbeusedfor debuggingapplications written in any languagesupportedby Visual Studio. Inaddition, it can also attachto running processesand monitor anddebug thoseprocesses.Ifsourcecode for the running processis available, it displays the code as it is

28、being run. Ifsourcecodeis not available, it can show the disassembly.The Visual Studio debuggercanalso create memory dumps as well as load them later for debugging. Multi-threadedprograms are also supported. The debuggercan be configured to be launched when anapplication running outsidetheVisual Stu

29、dio environmentcrashes.The debugger allows setting breakpoints (which allow execution to be stoppedtemporarily at acertain position) and watches(which monitor the valuesof variablesastheexecution progresses).Breakpoints can be conditional, meaning they get triggered whenthe condition is met. Codecan

30、besteppedover, i.e., run oneline (of sourcecode)at a time.It caneither stepinto functions to debug inside it, or stepover it, i.e., the execution of thefunction body isnt available for manual inspection. The debugger supports Edit andContinue, i.e., it allows code to be edited as it is being debugge

31、d.Whendebugging, if themouse pointer hovers over any variable, its current value is displayed in a tooltip (datatooltips), where it can also be modified if desired. During coding, the Visual Studiodebuggerlets certain functions be invoked manually from the Immediate tool window. Theparametersto them

32、ethodaresupplied atthe Immediatewindow.4 DesignerVisual Studio includes a host of visual designers to aid in the development ofapplications.Thesetools include:4.1 Windows FormsDesignerThe Windows Forms designer is used to build GUI applications using WindowsForms. It includes a palette of UI widgets

33、 and controls (including buttons, progressbars,labels, layout containers and other controls) that can be draggedand droppedon a formsurface.Layout canbe controlled by housingthe controls inside other containersor locking名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第

34、4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 115them to the side of the form. Controls that display data (like textbox, list box, grid view,etc.) can be bound to data sourceslike databasesor queries.The UI is linked with codeusinganevent-drivenprogrammingmodel.ThedesignergenerateseitherC# orVB.NET codefor theapplic

35、ation.4.2 WPF DesignerThe WPF designer,codenamedCider, was introduced with Visual Studio 2008. Likethe Windows Forms designer it supports the drag and drop metaphor. It is used toauthor user interfaces targeting Windows PresentationFoundation. It supports all WPFfunctionalityincludingdatabindinganda

36、utomaticlayoutmanagement.ItgeneratesXAML codefor the UI. The generatedXAML file is compatible with MicrosoftExpression Design, the designer-oriented product. The XAMLcode is linked with codeusing acode-behindmodel.4.3 Web designer/developmentVisual Studio alsoincludesa web-site editor and designerth

37、at allows web pagesto beauthoredbydragginganddroppingwidgets.Itisusedfordeveloping ASP.NET applications and supports HTML,CSS and JavaScript. It usesa code-behindmodel to link with ASP.NET code. From Visual Studio 2008 onwards, thelayout engineusedby the web designeris sharedwith Microsoft Expressio

38、nWeb. Thereisalso ASP.NET MVC support for MVCtechnology as a separatedownload and ASP.NETDynamic Dataproject availablefrom Microsoft.4.4 ClassdesignerThe ClassDesigneris usedto author and edit the classes(including its membersandtheir access)using UML modeling. The ClassDesignercangenerateC# andVB.N

39、ET codeoutlines for the classesandmethods.It canalsogenerateclassdiagramsfrom hand-writtenclasses.4.5 DatadesignerThe datadesignercan be usedto graphically edit databaseschemas,including typedtables,primary andforeign keys andconstraints.It canalso beusedto designqueriesfromthe graphicalview.4.6 Map

40、ping designerFrom Visual Studio 2008 onwards,the mapping designeris usedby LINQ to SQL todesign the mapping between databaseschemasand the classesthat encapsulatethe data.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 116The new solution

41、from ORM approach, ADO.NETEntity Framework, replaces andimproves theold technology.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 117微软 VisualStudio 简介1 微软 VisualStudioVisualStudio是微软公司推出的开发环境，VisualStudio可以用来创建Windows 平台下的Windows 应用程序和网络

42、应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office插件。VisualStudio 是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE（inteqrateddevelopment environment ） ，它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE 、.NET框架、.NET 精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站， Web 应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。VisualStudio 包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内

43、置工具包括一个窗体设计的 GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能， 包括增加对支持源代码控制系统 （如 Subversion 和 VisualSourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如TeamFoundationServer 的客户端：团队资源管理器）。VisualStudio 支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C+ +中（通过 Visual C+ ）,VB

44、.NET（通过 Visual Basic.NET） ，C 中（通过 VisualC ）和 F（作为 VisualStudio2010） ，为支持其他语言，如 M,Python, 和 Ruby 等 ， 可 通 过 安 装 单 独 的 语 言 服 务 。 它 也 支 持 的XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和 CSS. 为特定用户提供服务的VisualStudio也是存在的：微软VisualBasic ，VisualJ、VisualC 和 VisualC+ 。微软提供了“直通车”的VisualStudio 2010组件的 VisualBasic 和 VisualC和 V

45、isualC + +，和 VisualWebDeveloper 版本，不需任何费用。 VisualStudio2010、2008 年和 2005 专业版，以及 VisualStudio2005 的特定语言版本（ VisualBasic 、C+ 、C 、J），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。2 架构VisualStudio 不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。 IDE 提供三项服务： SVsSolution ，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案;名师资料总结 - - -精品资料

46、欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 118SVsUIShell ，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell ，它处理 VS压缩包的注册。此外， IDE 还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器， 设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio使用 COM 访问 VSPackage 。在 VisualStudioSDK 中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CL

47、I 兼容的语言的任何围绕COM 的接口。然而， MPF 并不提供所有的 VisualStudioCOM 功能。通过使用特定的VSPackage来支持的编程语言的服务， 称为语言服务。 一个语言服务定义了各种接口， 而这些 VSPackage实现包可以实现添加功能支持多种。功能性的方式，可以添加包括语法着色，语句完成，括号匹配，参数信息工具提示，成员名单和背景汇编的错误标记。 如果接口完成， 那么语言就可以使用这些功能。语言服务要在每个语言的基础实施。 重用代码的实现可以从语言解析器实现。语言服务可以在本机代码或托管代码实现。 对于本机代码， 无论是本地 COM 接口或巴贝尔框架 （部分Visu

48、alStudioSDK ）都可以使用。对于托管代码，MPF服务，包括托管语言编写包装。VisualStudio 不包括任何源头控制内建支援，但它定义了两种可供选择的源代码控制系统的方法可以用IDE集成。 一个源代码控制VSPackage可以提供自己的定制的用户界面。与此相反，源代码管理插件使用MSSCCI （Microsoft源代码控制接口）提供了一个功能集的控制功能，用于落实各项源接口，用标准的Visual Studio 用户界面。MSSCCI 首次使用集成的 Visual SourceSafe 6.0，但后来在 VisualStudio SDK中通过。 VisualStudio.NET 2

49、002 使用 MSSCCI1.1，VisualStudio.NET 2003使用MSSCCI1.2。VisualStudio2005、2008 和 2010 使用 MSSCCI1.3 版，增加了重命名和删除的支持以及异步传输。VisualStudio 支持运行（每一个都有它自己的一套VSPackage ）多个实例的环境。这些实例使用不同的注册表配置单元来存储它们的配置状态和区别他们的AppID（应用程序 ID） 。实例都是由一开始的AppID-specific.exe文件选择的 AppID，设置根并启动 IDE。一个 AppID 的登记 VSPackage中集成了其他的VSPackage 。V

50、isualStudio 的各种产品版本，是使用不同的AppID。在 Visual Studio 速成版产品都设有自己的 AppIds，但标准，专业和团队套件产品共享相同的AppID。因此，人们可以安装 Express 版本并排侧其他版本， 不同的是其他版本更新相同的安装。专业版包含标准版的超集 VSPackage和包括对其他版本中的团队套件的VSPackage超集。AppID系统由 VisualStudio2008的 VisualStudioShell 影响。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -