2022年小升初英语系列-形容词和副词 .pdf

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1、形容词和副词讲义及演练一形容词1. 修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“的”的词都是形容词。如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的 ) 2. 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如： I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰 book，在句中作定语 ) We are happy today. (happy 快乐的，在句中作表语 ) Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean 干净的， tidy 整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语 ) 3. 多个形

2、容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词 +外观类 +形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个 17 岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。二副词：1. 通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“地”的词都是副词。如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.( 仔细地，认真地 ) 2. 副词的分类1) 时间副词 : now

3、, today 等2）频度副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 2) 地点副词： here, there, upstairs, downstairs等3) 方式副词： carefully, fast, well, politely等4) 程度副词 : much, little, quite等5) 疑问副词 : how, when, where, why等三形容词转化成副词1. 一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly 2. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的形容词，变y 为 i, 加 ly, 如：happy-happily

4、 3. 以 ue 结尾的形容词，去e加 ly, 如：true-truly 注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。 另外，有些以 ly 结尾的词不是副词， 而是形容词， 如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively 等。四形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1. 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller, well-better 2. 最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如long-longest 3. 比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则

5、变化（单音节和少数双音节） ：a. 在词尾直接加 -er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortest b. 词尾是 e，只加 -r/st, 如： nice-nicer-nicest c.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiest d. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est, 如：big-bigger-biggest e. 其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious 不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）名师资料总结

6、- - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 词义原级比较级最高级好good/well better best 坏bad/badly/ill worse worst 多many/much more most 少little less least 远far farther/further farthest/furthest 五形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“和相同”相当于the same as 肯

7、定句： A+动词.+as+形容词 /副词原级 +as B Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter. 否定句： A+动词.+not as/so.+ 形容词/副词原级 +as B This tree is not as/so tall as that one. 2. 比较级的用法 : 1）A+动词+形容词 /副词比较级 +than+ B Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary 注：形容词 /副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，

8、far, a lot, a bit来修饰。2）数字（倍数） +形容词 /副词比较级 +than I m two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours. 3）比较级 +and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer. 4）the +比较级， the +比较级，表示“越 , 就越”The more, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）3. 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，

9、不加定冠词，后面跟带in 或 of 表范围的短语。1）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 2）比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级 +than+any other+B(单数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. A+动词+比较级 +than+the other+B(复数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China

10、. 以上两句意思相当于： The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 随堂演练（满分100 分）一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1 分=23 分) old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice

11、_ good_ beautiful_ _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1 分=23 分）1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or her

12、s? Hers is. 6. Mary s hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who get

13、s up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_. 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students. 三、小小翻译家： （62*0.5 分=31 分）1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim ？_ are. 2、谁比 David 更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、谁的铅

14、笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_ ？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him. 8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比SuYang晚。Yang Ling

15、_ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 9.我跳得和Mike 一样远。I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise,you ll _ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语

16、文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I don t _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_.All my_ _ _than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn t _ _ in PE. Bu

17、t I dont _ _than_. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me. 四、将下列各组单词重新排序.使构成有意义地词组。 （5*1 分=5 分）1. fat, the, cat, white_ 2. Olympics, green, a, great_ 3. expensive, that, jacket, brown_ 4.an, book., interesting, thick_ 5. round, three, plates, yellow_ 五、选

18、词填空（18*1 分=18 分）1. My sister is getting _. A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fatter 2. They are _to us than before. A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier 3. Jack is the _ boy _our class. A. tallest. in B. taller. in C. most tall. of D. m

19、ore tall. of 4. It is not _ warm _ yesterday. Put on more clothes. A. so . on B. so. in C. as .at D. as. as 5. Hangzhou is one of _cities I have visited. A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful 6. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives _of all. A.

20、slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest 7My sister is a _ girl. Agood Bwell C very 8一Is it your toy taxi? 一 No. _ it s hisA May be BMay CMaybe 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 9_ are you? I m _, thank you AWhat； good B

21、How ；fine CWhat；fine DHow；good 10一 Can you help me? _. A Yes BExcuse me CCertainly DHow 11The grass around my house is Very_A. black Bblue C green 12The sky is _. The c1oud is _ Ablue；red Bred；brown Cblue；white 13The child is _ kind Amuch Bvery much Cvery 14一 Could I use your pen ，please? _. A No BC

22、ertainly CExcuse me 15I _ go to School at 8 ：00 amA very Bmuch Coften 16I have an _ doll. Aold beautiful Bbeautiful o1d Csmall old 17Mr Wang is a _ teacher. A. tall old English B. English old tall C. old tall English 18Oranges are _A purple Bblue Corange 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -