2022年2021年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结 .pdf

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1、2017 年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结 ( 含答案 ) (精品知识点总结，值得阅读借鉴) 一、名词的数语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 62) This trend, . , has had some unintended side _ 62 _ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 解析：effects表示“ 一些意料外的副作用 ” ，故用复数。2.(2017 全国 II 卷 61) It ran for j

2、ust under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ 61 _ (crowd) on the roads. 解析：crowds避免拥挤的人群。3.(2017 全国 III 卷 67) She has turned down several 67 _ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations 由前面的 several可知，要用复数形式。短文改错1.(2017 全国 I 卷）The instru

3、ctor kept repeating the word , “Speed up! ” “Slow down! ” “Turn left!”解析：word-*words 后面有并列的三句话，故word 用复数 words。2.(2017 全国 II 卷）Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 解析：informations-information 因 information 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。二、代词名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心

4、整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 阅读理解Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink

5、and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It s Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. 29. What does t

6、he underlined word “that ” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible. B.The production of jazz growing faster. C.Jazz being less popular with the young. D.The jazz audience becoming larger. 解析：指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的 the music has failed to connect 6with younger generations, 比较各选项，只有C正确。语法填空(

7、2017 全国 II 卷 67) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67_ every day. 解析： it 指代前句中的 the railway。短文改错1.(2017 全国 II 卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 解析：all-*both 考查代词。因 Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是两个人，而 all 是指 三者或三者以上的 “

8、都” ，故改 all 为表示两者 “ 都” 的 both。2.(2017 全国 III 卷）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 解析： youmy 是“ 我的” 照片，应是 “ 我的” 学生时代回忆美好的事。 (P171 第二组第二篇

9、 )1 can climb the hills. All this will be interesting and good for your health. Above all, I can learn more about nature. 解析(P55): yourmy由语境可知，应是对 “ 我的” 身体有益。三、冠词语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 65) As _ 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 解析： a因 as a result固定短语。2.(2

10、017 全国 III 卷 62) Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as 62 model in New York. 解析：a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。3.(2017 全国 II 卷 64) This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ 64 top. 解析： the特指这条路的 短文改错1.(2017 全国 1 卷）I still remember how hard A first day was. 解析：

11、在 first 前加 the或 my 在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，也可用 my,表示“ 我学习驾驶的第一天 ” 。2.(2017 全国 II 卷）They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 解析：a改成 an /one 因 half 是以元音音素开头的，表示数量“ 一” ，要用 an 或 one。3.(2017 全国 III 卷)Around me in A picture are the things that were ver

12、y important in my life at that time 解析：在 picture 前加 the或 this 特指上面提到的这张照片。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 四、 介词语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 61) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界） _ 61 a method of fi

13、ghting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease. 解析：as表示“ 作为” 一种方法。2.(2017 全国 II 卷 62) . and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ 62 work. 解析： from 因是固定搭配，表示 “ 往返，来回 ” ，to and from work意为 “ 上下班” 。3.(2017

14、 全国 III 卷 68) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _ 68 engineering or architecture. 解析： in 表示“ 某方面的学位 ” 用介词 in。又如： take /get a degree in law 获得法律学位。短文改错1.(2017 全国 I 卷0) It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle

15、on the road. 解析： on-*of 考查介词。表示 “ 在 y的中间” 是 in the middle of。2.(2017 全国 II 卷 6) They have also bought for some gardening tools. 解析：for 考查介词。因 buy 是及物动词，表示买某物，其后直接接宾语。3.(2017 全国 III 卷 1) When I look at this picture of myself I realize of how fast time flies. 解析：删除 realize后的 of 因 realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句

16、，不再用介词 of，故删除。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 五、 并列连词短文改错1.(2017 全国 I 卷） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.解析：so-*but /yet 考查

17、并列连词。前后是转折关系。2.(2017 全国 III 卷）I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 解析： andbut 因 not only. but also 是固定搭配。六、从句连词定语从句语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 70) Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack( 口乞;between meals and will improve the taste of your

18、food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 解析：which 引导非限制性定语从句用which。2.(2017 全国 III 卷 64) But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 解析： who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从句，先行词是人又在从

19、句中作主语，故填who。短文改错1.(2017 全国 II 卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 解析：tha卜 which 考从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先 行词 garden是物，用 which。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

20、 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 2.(2017 全国 III 卷）Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time. 解析： they-*that/which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语， 先行词是物，应用 that 或 which。七、谓语动词时态语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 67) Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _

21、67 (be) full of fat and salt. 解析：is 主第 M 称单词，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。2.(2017 全国 II 卷 68) Later, engineers _ 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels ( 隧道） which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible. 解析：managed这是谓语动词，根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，也用一般过去时。3.(2017 全国 III 卷 69) M

22、y dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at that moment, school 69 _ (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed inmodeling. 解析：comes由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时。短文改错(2017 全国 I 卷 4) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank

23、. 解析：goes-went上下文均为一般过去时。(2017 全国 II 卷 9) When summer came, they will invite their students. 解析： came-*comes主句谓语动词 will invite 是一般将来吋，从句应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes 。(2017 全国 III 卷 2) I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心

24、整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 解析：had-*have因 in the past few years 常与现在完成时连用， 故改 had 为 have。(2017 全国 III 卷 5) I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 解析： become-*-became 由 and 可知， become 应与前面的 entered 致， 又由从句

25、谓语 was可知，用一般过去时。语态语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 64) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the food that we eat. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 解析： are removed表示“ 被移除 ” ，上下文为现在时。2.(2017 全国 II 卷 65) Steam engines 65

26、(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success. 解析： were used因与是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的 被动语态，主语是复数，填were used 。3.(2017全国 III 卷 63) Sarah _ 63 (tell) that she could be Britains newsupermodel, earning a mi

27、llion dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school. 解析： has been told /was told由 tell sb sth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知， 应是“ 己有人告诉她 ” 或“ 曾有人告诉她 ” ，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的 被动语态。短文改错(2017 全国 III 卷） About one month after this photo was took ，I entered my second year of high school. 解析：took-*ta

28、ken 这是被动语态，应是 was加 take的过去分词，而 take 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 的过去分词是 taken，故 took 改为 taken。七、非谓语动词语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 63) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _ 63 _ (process) th

29、e food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 解析： to process由 require sb to do sth可知，用不定式作主补。2.(2017 全国 III 卷 65) But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 解析： to improve 由 want to do s

30、th. 可知。3.(2017 全国 I 卷 68) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。4.(2017 全国 II 卷 63) This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof. 解析： laying 与前面的 dig

31、ging 及后面的 and then building为并列关系，起作 included的宾语；根据“ 并列一致 ” 可知， 也应用 -ing 形式， 故填 laying (铺)。5.(2017 全国 III 卷 61)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 _ (rest). 解析： resting 由 spend. doing sth. 可知。短文改错(2017 全国 II 卷 10) When summer come, they will invite their stud

32、ents A pick the fresh vegetables! 解析：在 pick 前加 to 考查非谓语动词。由invite sb to do sth可知。八、词类转换语法填空1.(2017 全国 II 卷 69) This development was only possible with the 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - _ 69 _(introduce) of electr

33、ic-powered engines and lifts. 解析： introduction 作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表 示“ 采用，引入 ” ，故填 introductiono 2.(2017 全国 III 卷 66) She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate). 解析：education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。3.(2017 全国 1 卷 69) However, be _ 69 (care) not to go to extremes. 解析：careful 作表语要用形容词厂4.(2

34、017 全国 II 卷 70) The Central London Railway was one of the most _ 70 _(success) of these new lines. 解析：successful因 the most successful 为形容词的最高级，后面省略了名 词 lines o5.(2017 全国 III 卷 70) It is _ 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 解析：certainly 修饰动词用副词，意为：这“ 当然是 ” 有趣的事。6. (2017 全国 II 卷 66

35、) Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 解析： fairly 修饰形容词 unpleasant ，表示 “ 相当地 ” ，用副词 fairly 。短文改错 * 1.(2017 全国 I 卷）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. 解析：s

36、uddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。2.(2017 全国 III 卷）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes. 解析： differencedifferent 在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比较等级语法填空名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - (2017 全国 I 卷 66) Even _ 66

37、(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 解析：worse表示比这 “ 更糟糕的是 ” 。短文改错1.(2017 全国 I 卷）A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car. 解析：latelater考查比较 等级。 表示“ 多久以后 ” ，是“ 时间段 +later ”。2.(2017 全国 II 卷） They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. 解析：earlier-ear

38、ly考查比较 等级。当没有比较对象时，用原级。3.(2017 全国 III 卷）I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. 解析：late latest指“ 最新的 ” 音乐集唱片，故用最 高级。九、序数词(2017 全国 I 卷 1) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. 解析:eighteen-e

39、ighteenth考查数词。表示 “ 第十八” 岁生日，要用序 数词。十、祈使句(2017 全国 I 卷） The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up! ” “Slow down! ” “Turning left!”解析：Tuming-Tum 考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头。十一、其他(2017 全国 I 卷 7) I waso much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

40、- -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 解析：删除 so后的 much考查 much的用法。因 much不能修饰形容词的 原级。(2017 全国 II 卷 7) Beside, they often get some useful information. 解析： Beside-*Besides考类转换。因 beside是介词，意为 “ 在 的旁边” ；besides可作副词，表示 “ 此外，而且 ” 。分词形容词的区别(2017 全国 II 卷)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden. 解析： interesting-*interested考查分词形容词的区别。表示人“ 对感兴趣的 ” ，用-ed形式；表示某事物是 “ 令人感兴趣的 ” 用-ing 形式。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -