2022年2021年高考全国1卷英语试题及答案和解析 .pdf

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1、绝密启封前2016 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英 语试卷类型 A 第卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19. 15 B. 9. 18 C. 9. 15 答案是 C。1. Wha

2、t are the speakers talking about? A. Having a birthday party. B. Doing some exercise. C. Getting Lydia a gift. 2. What is the woman going to do? A. Help the man. B. Take a bus. C. Get a camera. 3. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Tell Kate to stop. B. Call Kate, s friends. C. Stay away fro

3、m Kate. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a wine shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. 5. What does the woman mean? A. Keep the window closed. B. Go out for fresh air. C. Turn on the fan. 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6. What is the man going to do this summer? A. Teach a cours

4、e. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel. 7. How will the man use the money? A. To hire a gardener. B. To buy books. C. To pay for a boat trip. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Roommates. 9. What does Frank plan to do r

5、ight after graduation? A. Work as a programmer. B. Travel around the world. C. Start his own business. 第二节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 选项中

6、选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题10. Why does the woman make the call? A. To book a hotel room. B. To ask about the room service C. To make changes ti a reservation 11. When will the women arrive at the hotel? A. On September 15 B.

7、 On September 16 C. On September 23 12. How much will the woman pay her room per night? A. $179 B. $199 C. $219 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13. What is the womans plan for Saturday? A. Going shopping B. Going camping C. Going boating 14. Where will the woman stay in Keswick? A. In a country inn B. In a f

8、ive-star hotel C. In her aunts home 15. What will Gordon do over the weekend? A. Visit his friends B. Watch DVDs C. Join the woman 16. What does the woman think of Gordons coming weekend? A. Relaxed B. Boring C. Busy. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题17. Who is Wang Ming? A. A student B. An employer C. An eng

9、ineer 18. What does the speaker say about the college job market this year? A. It s unpredictable B. Its quite stable C. Its not optimistic 19. What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now? A. 20 B. 22 C. 50 20. Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job? A. They nee

10、d more work experience B. The salary is usually good C. Their choice is limited. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心

11、整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams he

12、lped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environm

13、ental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor (1930-present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford

14、Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员 ) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913-2

15、005) On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was

16、tired of giving in,” said Parks. 21. What is jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her lack of proper training in law. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 22. What is the reason for OConnor s being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in

17、 law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 36 页 - - - - -

18、 - - - - A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O Connor. D. Ross Parks. 24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. B Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation n

19、ative of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations

20、 regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President O

21、bamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe mor

22、e families will follow the example of Obama s family. “ In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grate magazine for grandparents. We now realize how important family is and ho

23、w important to be near them, especially when you re raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away

24、 is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garzas move a success? A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 26. Wha

25、t was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision? 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - A. 17% expressed their support for it. B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a bad influence. D

26、. The majority thought it was a trend. 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of raise more children. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They bad little respect for their grandparent. 28. What does the author

27、suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better C I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive don

28、e 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者 ) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at

29、 most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk

30、said: “Well, I m really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dro

31、pped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me. re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys

32、 life. 29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier ” in Paragraph17 A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor 30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

33、 5 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer. 31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington

34、 DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may

35、 be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai person

36、s do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways,

37、particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructio

38、ns are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible

39、 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the h

40、ealing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

41、6 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 34. What does the author advise nurses to

42、do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 35. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Sp

43、eech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes ( 密码) keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for

44、 thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet

45、 me. ”38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me ” would read “13 5 20 13 5. ”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the

46、message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge ” might stand for “meet ” and “out ” might stand for “me.” The 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - message “bridge out” would actually mean “Me

47、et me. ”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as

48、there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters

49、of the alphabet. 第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . suddenly, he saw a car

50、with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器 ). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The