初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习.doc

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1、英语语法主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则： 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be句型; or ; either or；nor; neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g. What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 No

2、t you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中： 有

3、时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式） Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees

4、”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。英语就近原则短语1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they a

5、re going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart fr

6、om 例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. Th

7、e teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an im

8、portant part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known5. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were二、当 either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保

9、持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be三、 当“the only one of + 复数名

10、词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are w

11、ell paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。10. Every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后

12、面名词的数。11. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are六、the number of.(的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of.(许多)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different

13、reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were七、当“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。13. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。参考答案: 15 AAABD 610 DBDBC 1113 CCA