初中语法动词不定式和动名词.doc

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1、动词不定式:“不定式符号to+动词原形”一、用作主语( ) 1. Is _ easy to finish the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he( ) 2. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost; to get B. takes; getting C. takes; to get D. takes; to get to 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike wi

2、ll take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of s

3、bto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.注意：不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是

4、名词用for。二、用作表语( )The first thing is the teacher. A.greet B.greeting C.to greet D.to greeting( ) This house is in . A.living B.to live C.live D.to living动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望

5、决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可计划知道(prefer, plan, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，如：.feel / find / make /

6、. it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：( )I find it difficult everything.A.to remember B.remember C.remembering We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 四、用作定语( )1.Im hungry. Get me something _.A eat B to eat C eating D for eating ( ) 2. Have you go

7、t everything ready for the trip?-Yes. Theres nothing _.A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about( ) 3. He is a nice person _. A. to work with B. working with C. worked with D. to be worked1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式及其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：1)I cant think

8、of any good advice to give her. 动宾关系 2)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式及这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.2)Is that a good place to hang out？3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.五、用作补语( ) Their

9、teacher often _ them a funny story _ his class lovely and interesting.A. tells; to make B. talks; to make C. says; makes D. speaks; makes动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expe

10、ct, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官

11、动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。1)This picture makes me feel tense！2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams3.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：1)He doesnt seem to have many friends.2)Be sure

12、 not to miss them if they come to a city near you.( ) 1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered( ) 2. “Dont always make Michacl _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear.” Mr Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did( )3. The young lady

13、watched her daughter _ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon. A. to play with B. playing withC. to play D. plays( )4. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister _.A cry; to cry B crying; crying C cry; cry D to cry; cry六、用作状语( ) 1. The ice is thick enough _. A. to wa

14、lk on B. for walking C. to walk D. to walk on it( ) 2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on作目的状语 I stayed there to see what would happen. 2)Bob took down my telephone number in order not to forget it. 3)I stayed there so that (

15、in order that)I could see whatwould happen. 4).I hurried to Professor Wangs house only to find he was out. 我匆忙的感到王教授的家可是却发现他外出了。 2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如：1) We are glad to hear the news. 2)I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.

16、”so.that.结构句中。如：七、带疑问词的不定式短语( ) 1. There is no difference between in the two words. I really dont know _.A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose whichD. to choose what( ) 2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?A. what to B. where toC. what I can D. where can I动词不定式前面

17、可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作宾语)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)

18、( ) 1. The teacher told the students _ in class.A. not talk B. dont talk C. didnt talk D. not to talk( ) 2. “Mr Zhang, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor. A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat八、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never d

19、o.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 堂上练一练：( )1. My mother often asks me _ early. A. get upB. got upC. getting up D. to get up( ) 2. We are told _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our school clean and tidy

20、. A. not to make much noise B. to throw waste paper C. to draw D. not to spit( ) 3. The boy was too busy _ his father last term.A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to( ) 4. Look! How heavy the rain is! Youd better _.A. dont go now B. stay here when it stopsC. not leave until it s

21、tops D. not to leave at once( ) 5. Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? - _.A. Yes, I would B. Yes, Id love to C. No, I wouldnt D. No, I dont go( ) 6. Tracy cant play the match now. please _ instead.A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do it D. let Lily to do it( ) 7.

22、 You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest?A. to stop to have B. to stop having C. stop to have D. stop having( ) 8. There is going to _ an English party this evening in our school.A. to be B. to have C. having D. being( ) 9. Youd better _ a policeman at this moment.A. not to sent for B. wont sent fo

23、r C. dont sent for D. not sent for( )10. The teacher will show him _.A. to use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses动名词动名词（doing）是一个动词的 ing 形式, 在句子中起名词的作用, 例如, walking, playing, running 等等. 动名词在句子中可以用作主语, 动词宾语, 介词宾语, 和表语等成分. 1. 动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 做主语：Playing football is my fabourite sport.

24、 做宾语：She is intersted in dancing. 做表语：My fabourite sport is dancing. 做定语：He is in the reading room.1) 动名词作介词宾语: Object of a prepositionA. 1. Im used to sleeping with the windows open. 我习惯开着窗子睡觉. 2. We are interested in learning more about your work. 我们对你的工作很感兴趣, 想多了解点有关情况. 3. The Americans succeeded

25、 in landing on the moon. 美国人成功的登上了月球.b. by + doing sth.1.Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button. 派特按下停止键, 关上了录音机. 2. We show other people that we are happy by smiling. 我们通过微笑表示高兴3. Wang improved his English by watching films. 通过看电影，王提高了他的英语水平 C.go + shopping / swimming / fishing

26、 / hunting / skiing / bowling / dancing / hiking / mountain-climbing2) 只能接动名词的词如下:finish, deny , enjoy, consider, miss, mind, keep, discuss, imagine, admit, escape, understand, practise, complete, suggest, spend (time doing)1. We finished eating at 7:30 last night.我们昨晚7:30 吃完晚饭.2. I dont enjoy being

27、 laughed at by other people.我不喜欢被其他人嘲笑.3. It kept raining for three days.雨持续下了三天. 4. We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king. 我们非常感激能得到面见国王的机会. 及动名词连用的短语Special expressions with ing form: （需要背诵） 1. have fun doing sth. 2. have a good time doing sth. 3.have trouble (in) doing sth. 4.

28、 have difficulty (in) doing sth 5. be busy doing 6. feel like doing 7. be used to doing 8. look forward to doing 9. what about doing/ how about doing 10. pay attention to doing 有些动词后即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但意义不一样： 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 1. remember, forget, regret + to do 动作未发生 + doing动作已发生I remem

29、bered posting the letter today. 我记得今天把信寄走了。Please remember to post the letter today. 请别忘了今天把信寄走。 2. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. 3. try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try workin

30、g out the physics problem in another way. 4. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. 5. cant help doing 禁不住 cant help to do不能帮助干 I couldnt help(to) finish this matter我不能帮助完成这件事了。 She cant h

31、elp smiling她禁不住笑了。6. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 go on doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。 He went on reading Lesson Ten他继续读第十课。 After reading Lesson Nine，he went on to read Lesson Ten 读完第九课后他继续读第十课。7.感官动词; + do 表示动作的完整性 +doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性4.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可

32、不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：1.They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.1. Using email English helps you write quickly. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 2. Learning languages _(be) fun.3. Are you interested in _(play) computer games?4. Yo

33、u will make it if you keep _(try)!5. Reading interesting novels _ (make) me happy.6. Have you finished _(do) your homework yet?单项选择1. They stop , but there was no more sound at all. A. to listen B. to hear C. listening D. to listen to2. Remember him about it before he goes away. - Sure. I will. A. t

34、ell B. to tell C. telling D. told3. Im sorry I forgot the book to you . A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought4. Most of the children enjoy computer games. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play5. Tom finished the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads6. How can I improve my sp

35、oken English? - You have to practise as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak7. We kept the ball to each other, and they began to get angry. A. to pass B. passing C. pass D. past8. Its too hot. Would you mind the windows, please? A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening9. Have y

36、ou finish the book? - Not yet, Ill try it to you before Friday. A. reading; returning B. to read; to return C. reading; to return D. to read; returning10. The teacher asked the students to stop and to her. A. to talk; listened B. talking; listen C. talking; listened D. to talk; listen11. The chair l

37、ooks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 12. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke13. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil14. On my way home, I stopp

38、ed _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought15. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday. A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned16. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. Drinki

39、ng三用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have some questions (ask) you.2. The light in the room is still on. - Oh,. Sorry I (forget) (turn) it off.3. Would you please (tell) us how (make) the kite (fly) higher?4. When the teacher stopped (look) at him, he stopped (talk) at once.5. After a short rest they went on (do) the

40、ir homework.6. Do remember (come) (see) him.7. If you want _ (be) healthy, you need _ (do) some exercise every day.8. There is nothing _ (do) right now. I suggest _ (go) _ (fish).9. Computers are not easy _ (look) after. 10. What about _ (go) to the concert with us ?11. The little child was made _ (stay) at home until he finished his homework.12. Seeing is _ （believe). 13. Tom is hard-working. He is always the first _(come) to school and the last _(leave).14. Dont forget _ (send) the letter.15.The story was so funny that we couldnt help _(laugh) . 广州学才教育7 / 7