英汉对照图示基础工程学第三章岩土工程现场勘察.docx

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1、第三章 岩土工程现场勘察Chapter3 Geotechnical field investigations第 13 页69.Geotechnical soil exploration methods岩土工程勘探方法geophysical地球物理sampling取样penetrometer贯入仪plate load test平板载荷试验pressuremeter test旁压仪试验piezometer孔隙水压仪70.Objectives of soil investigation地基土勘察目的stability稳定性settlements沉降sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土rock岩石gr

2、ound water地下水safety factor安全系数structure结构物construction施工71.Depth of investigation for structures结构物的勘察深度footing基脚raft筏pierpi礅72.Site investigation现场勘察map地图site visit现场踏勘authorities:ritis管理部门contractor承包商topographytprfi地形buried services地下管线设施geological condition地质条件previous use of site现场以往的使用情况surfac

3、e configurationkn,fijurein地面形状adjacent buildings相邻建筑物ditch沟pond池塘well井hedge障碍物rock outcrops岩石出露tank油罐heating ducts加热通道mining subsidencesbsaidns采煤沉陷National coal board国家煤业局old maps旧地图73.Site investigation（cont.）现场勘察（续）climatic condition气候条件material物料hydrological condition水文条件flooding洪涝soil erosion土侵蚀

4、earthquakes地震swelling and shrinkage胀缩permafrost永冻土aggregate砂石料fill填土dump翻斗车range of tides潮汐变化情况river levels and discharges河流水位与泄水道wave and current conditions波浪及水流情况74.Planning of site investigation现场勘察计划water main主供水管pond池塘road道路building建筑物75.Seismic refraction method地震折射法geophone地震测波器distance距离trav

5、el time历时time时间detonation,detnein爆炸chart图76.Surface investigation地表勘察trial trench试槽trial pit试坑casing套管ground water地下水77.Soil sampler取土器slot sampler槽沟取土器rotation转动sand砂土silt粉土peat泥炭78.Soil sampler取土器split spoon sampler对开式取样器SPT标准贯入试验Shelby tube sampler雪儿培取样器79.Swedish foil sampler瑞典薄壁取土器piston sample

6、r活塞取样器steel foil钢箔casing套管piston活塞rolls of steel foil钢箔卷80.Undisturbed samples未扰动土样piston活塞friction摩擦力gas气sample土样stress release应力释放disturbance扰动81.Rock drilling岩石钻进double tube core barrel双管取芯器diamonds钻石coring bit钻刀outer tube外管inner tube内管ball bearing滚动轴承core barrel芯管82.Rock quality designation（RQD）

7、岩石质量指标description描述RQD岩石质量指标very poor很差poor差fair合格good好excellent良好long intact pieces of core最长未扰动土样total length of core土样总长度83.Field vane test现场十字板试验undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度casing套管rod杆sheathi:鞘vane十字板clay粘土measuring head测头torquet:k力矩84.Field vane test现场十字板试验Geotech岩土slip couplingkpli滑动耦合undr

8、ained shear strength不排水抗剪强度friction摩擦力torque力矩85.Pore pressure probe孔隙压力探测piezocone可测孔隙水压力的触探头jacking千斤顶cable电缆clay粘土pore pressure孔隙压力excess pore pressure超孔隙压力layer层undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度varved clay带状粘土porous stone有孔的石块86.Pressuremeter旁压仪guard cell辅助腔measuring cell测量腔Menard梅那（人名）water水gas气8

9、7.Evaluation of Pressuremeter test旁压仪试验的评价cell pressure腔压力volume体积expansion of cell腔扩张shear modulus剪切模量Poissons ratio泊松比Pressuremeter modulus旁压仪模量limit pressure极限压力88.Plate load test平板载荷试验beam梁anchor锚plate板jack千斤顶dial indicators测表显示器displacement位移load荷载89.Screw plate test螺旋板试验displacement位移pressure压

10、力strength强度sand砂土jack千斤顶field compressometer,kmpresmit现场压缩系数测定仪90.Evaluation of plate load test平板载荷试验的评价settlement沉降load荷载ultimate极限large plate大平板small plate小平板diameter直径91.Plate load test，clay平板载荷试验，粘土large plate大平板small plate小平板settlement沉降92.Gltzl cell扁铲侧胀仪Gltzl cell扁铲侧胀仪coefficient of lateral ea

11、rth pressure侧向土压力系数at rest静止clay粘土93.Piezometer孔隙水压仪pore water pressure孔隙水压力crack裂缝hydraulic fracturingfrktri水力劈裂pressure压力volume体积94.Triaxial test三轴试验lateral earth pressure侧向土压力water saturation水饱与95.Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest，sand，clay侧向静止土压力系数，砂土，粘土sand砂土clay粘土normally consolida

12、ted正常固结plasticity index塑性指数96.Determination of ground water level地下水位测定pumping抽汲well井第四章 地基承载力Chapter4 Bearing capacity of foundations97.Bearing capacity of surface foundation浅基础地基承载力load荷载settlement沉降ultimate load极限荷载98.Failure mechanism of surface foundation浅基础的破坏机理general shear failure整体剪切破坏local

13、 shear failure局部剪切破坏punching冲切failure surface破坏面compaction压实99.Failure zones below surface foundation浅基础下的破坏区overburden pressure超载压力active Rankine zone主动朗肯区Prandtle zone普朗德尔区passive Rankine zone被动朗肯区cohesion内聚力unit weight of soil土的容重100.Determination of bearing capacity of surface foundation浅基础承载力的确

14、定shape factor形状系数bearing capacity factor承载力系数unit weight容重inclination倾斜base factor基底系数ground factor地基系数width宽度cohesion内聚力friction angle摩擦角101.Bearing capacity factors承载力系数angle of internal friction内摩擦角N-factor N系数cohesion内聚力weight重量bearing capacity承载力102.Effective stress analysis of foundation on sa

15、nd砂土地基基础的有效应力分析drained triaxial test排水三轴试验shear strength抗剪强度vertical load竖向荷载horizontal surface水平表面friction angle摩擦角width宽度direct shear test直剪试验103.Plain strain friction angle平面应变摩擦角plain strain平面应变triaxial test三轴试验104.Punching failure冲切破坏loose sand松砂loose silt松粉土friction angle摩擦角cohesion内聚力105.Bear

16、ing capacity of footing in sand砂土中基脚的承载力effective overburden pressure有效超载压力ground water地下水N-factor N-系数106.Bearing capacity of footing in sand（layered soil）砂土中基脚的承载力（成层土）footing基脚soil layer土层density密度depth深度width宽度107.Footing in excavation基坑中的基脚depth深度boundary边界108.Effect of hydraulic gradient on be

17、aring capacity水力梯度对承载力的影响flow line流线equipotential line等势线property line产权界限/建筑红线109.Effect of adjacent footing in slope边坡中相邻基脚的影响failure surface破坏面log spiralspairl failure surface对数螺旋破坏面slope边坡110.Log spiral对数螺旋friction angle摩擦角111.Bearing capacity of footing（log spiral）基脚的承载力（对数螺旋）log spiral对数螺旋shea

18、r strength抗剪强度112.Effect of horizontal load on bearing capacity水平荷载对承载力的影响vertical load竖向荷载horizontal load水平荷载failure surface破坏面113.Equivalentikwivlnt area of surface footing浅基脚的等效面积length长度width宽度round圆形triangular三角形eccentricity,eksentristi偏心114.Total stress analysis of foundation in clay粘土中基础的总应力分

19、析undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度vertical load竖向荷载horizontal surface水平表面bearing capacity承载力115.Effect of soil layer on bearing capacity of footing in clay粘土中土层对基脚承载力的影响vertical plane竖直面horizontal plane水平面isotropic各向同性circular failure surface圆形破坏面depth深度width宽度116.Effect of overburden pressure on bear

20、ing capacity in clay粘土中超载压力对承载力的影响total overburden pressure总超载压力allowable load容许荷载ultimate load极限荷载depth深度117.Pressure distribution below footing in clay and sand粘土与砂土中基脚下的压力分布ultimate bearing capacity极限承载力elastic theory弹性理论design load设计荷载118.Pull out resistance of shallow footing浅基脚的抗拔力depth深度friction angle摩擦角shape factor形状系数density密度weight重量119.Pull out resistance of footing at depth深基脚的抗拔力shape factor形状系数friction angle摩擦角depth深度weight重量120.Bearing capacity on rock岩石承载力unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度steel point钢桩尖pile桩allowable load容许荷载ultimate load极限荷载