初中英语易混短语(18页).doc

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1、-初中英语易混短语-第 18 页1.asas 和一样中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如：This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。否定结构：not as/soas,“不如”。上面的两个句子可分别改为：This classroom is not as/so large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。He doesn姆快。2. as soon as 一就用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：Ill tell him the plan as

2、 soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。Hell go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。3. be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙于/喜欢/讨厌/继续/完成做某事在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等词语后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。My mother enjoys taking a walk after suppe

3、r.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。讨厌看五频道。When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.当有人让他休息一会儿时，他仍继续工作。I have finished writing the story.我已经写完了故事。4. fillwith 用装满.； be filled with 充满了；be full of 充满了.be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。例如：The box is filled with food.be full of说明主语处于的状态。此外，还可表示程度，意为“非常”。

4、例如：The patients room is full of flowers.The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如：I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.5. be good/bad for 有利于/有害于此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如：Doing morning exercises is good for your health.Always playing computer games is bad for your study.6.

5、 be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于后必须接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用get,become来代替。 例如：He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。注意：be used to do 的意思是“被用来做”。例如：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。7. bothand两者都用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓

6、语动词用复数。例如：Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.8. cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接动词-ing形式。例如：His joke is too funny. We cant help laughing.9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语，它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。This book cost me five yuan.10.

7、eitheror 不是就是,或者或者用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。You may either stay here or go home.Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够做在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：The ice isnt thick enough for you to walk on.这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。12. feel like doing sth. 想要做此处like为

8、介词，后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与would like to do sth.同义。例如：I feel like drinking a cup of milk.13. feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 认为某事在此结构中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如：I find it very interesting to play football.She thinks it her duty to help us.14. get ready for sth./to do sth.get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”；get r

9、eady to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如：We are getting ready for the meeting.They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。15. get/receive/have a letter from 收到的来信，相当于hear fromDid you receive a letter from John?I got a letter from my brother yesterday.16. had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)

10、做某事had better为情态动词，其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：We had better go now. = Wed better go now.Youd better not go out because it is windy.17. have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (动作由别人完成)sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如：We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。注意区分： We have repaired the machine. 我们(自己)已

11、经修好了机器。18. help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事，其中的to可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。Would you please help me (to) look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?19. How do you like? 你认为怎么样?与what do you think of ?同义。 例如：How do you like the weather in Beijing?20. I dont think/believe

12、that 我认我/相信不其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如：I dont think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。I dont believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。21. It happens that 碰巧相当于happen to do，例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改写为： I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。22. Its/has been +一段时间+since从句 自从某时起做

13、某件事情已经一段时间了该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如：Its twenty years since he came here.他来这里已经20年了。It has been six years since he married Mary.23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：Its not easy for us to study English well.Its a good idea for us to travel to the south.24.

14、 Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语, 当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词of,而不用for。例如：Its very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25. It seems/appears （to sb） that (在某人看来)好像此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。It appears to me that he never sm

15、iles.在我看来，他从来没有笑过。26. It is +数词+metres/kilometers long/wide 是多少米(公里)长(宽)用来表示物体的长(宽,高)，如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如：It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.从这端到那端有二十米长。27. Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如：Its time for the child to go to bed.28. It takes sb. some time

16、to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直坚持做某事keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”，一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：Dont keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。30. keep

17、from doing sth. 阻止.做某事相当于stopfrom doing sth., preventfrom doing sth. 在主动句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被动结构中，from不可以省略。例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.31. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事不可和keep doing sth.结构混淆。例如：Why do you keep me waiting for a long time?32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事33

18、. neithernor 既不也不当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就进一致原则)。例如：Neither we nor Jack knows him.He neither knows nor cares what happened.他对发生的事情不闻不问。34. notuntil 直到才.until后可跟名词或从句，表示时间。例如：He didnt come until late in the evening.他直到晚上很迟才来。He didnt arrive until the game began.直到比赛开始他才来。35. sb. pays money for sth.

19、 某人花钱买某物此句型主语是人。例如：Ive already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike.我已经花了2000元买这辆摩托车。36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花费(时间、钱)在某事上/做某事其中in可以省略，通常主语为“人”。例如：I spent five yuan on this book.我在这本书上花了五元钱。I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday. 昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。37. sothat 太以至于用于复合句，that引导的

20、是结果状语从句。so是副词,后面应接形容词或副词，如果接名词，应用such。 例如：The ice is so thin that you cant walk on it.冰太薄了，你不能在上面走。He is such a kind man that we all like him.他是一个非常好的人，我们都很喜欢他。38. stop to do sth., stop doing sth.stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如：Youre too tired. Youd better stop to have a r

21、est.你们太累了，最好停下来休息一会儿。The teacher is coming. Lets stop talking.老师来了，咱们别说话了。39. Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了for之后除了加动名词doing外，还可以加名词。例如：Thank you for giving me the present.谢谢你给我的礼物。Thank you for your help. =Thank you for helping me.谢谢你的帮助。40. thanks to 多亏,由于thanks后的s不能省略，to是介词。例如：Thanks to my friend

22、 Jim, Ive worked out this problem.多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助，我已经解决了这个问题。41. There be句型在此结构中，there是引导词，在句中不能充当任何成分，也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如：There is a man at the door.门口有一个人。当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时，谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如：There are two dogs and a cat under the table.桌下有两只狗和一只猫。比较：There is a cat and

23、 two dogs under the table.There be 句型中的be不能用have来代替，但可以用lie(位于，躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等词来替换。例如：There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street.街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。There lies lake in front of our school.我们学校前面有一个湖。Once there lived a king here.这儿曾经有一个国王。There is going to be a sports me

24、eting next week.下周准备开一个运动会。there be 的拓展结构： there seem(s)/happen(s) to beThere seems to be one mistake in spelling.似乎有一处拼写错误。There happened to be a ruler here.这儿碰巧有把尺子。There seemed to be a lot of people there.那儿似乎有很多人。42. The + adj.比较级, the + adj.比较级 越,越此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如：The harder he works, the h

25、appier he feels.他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。The more, the better.多多益善。43. too+adj./adv. +to do sth. 太以至于不能.此句型为简单句，后面的to表示否定含义。例如：The ice is too thin for you to walk on.这冰太薄，你不能在上面走。The bag is too heavy to carry.这个袋子太重搬不动。44. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事used to是情态动词，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，因此只用于过去时态。例如:He used to get up e

26、arly.他过去总早起。When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often.我年轻时经常打网球。否定形式有两种：didnt use to;used not to,例如：He didnt use to come. = He usednt to come.他过去不常来。45. what about? 怎么样?后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与“how about?”同义。例如：We have been to Hainan. What about you?我们去过海南，你呢?What about going to the park on Sunday?星

27、期天去公园怎么样?46. What day/date is it today? 今天星期几(几月几日)?What day is it today?Sunday.What date is it today?June 24th.47. Whats wrong (the matter) with? 怎么了?Whats wrong with you, Madam?夫人，您怎么了?You look worried. Whats wrong with you?你看上去很焦急，出什么事了?48. Why not do? 为什么不做?谓语动词用原形。与Why dont you do?同义。例如：Why not

28、 go to see the film with us?= Why dont you go to see the film with us?为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢?49. would like to do sth. 想做后用动词不定式作宾语。例如：I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。疑问句式：Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?50. adj./adv.比较级 + and adj./adv.比较级 越来越.若形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词，则这一结构变为“more and more

29、+形容词/副词”。例如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.小女孩变得越来越漂亮了。51. adj.比较级+thanthan引导的是典型的比较级句型，表示“一者比另一者”,其前用形容词或副词的比较级，than从句可以用省略形式。例如：I know you better than she does.我比她更了解你。This house is bigger than that one.这所房子比那所房子大。52. though-从句though引导的是让步状

30、语从句，意思是“虽然但是”。但不能和but连用，英语中表达“虽然,但是”时，though和but只能用一个。例如：Though it was snowing, it was not very cold.虽然下着雪，可并不太冷。I was late for the last bus though I hurried.虽然我拼命赶路，还是没搭上最后一班公交车。We didnt feel tired though we walked a long way.虽然我们走了很长的路程，但是并没有感到累。53. if-从句If 引导的是条件状语从句，“如果;假如“。如主句用一般将来时，if从句要用一般现在时

31、(主将从现)。例如：If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along?如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗?If it rains tomorrow, I wont go.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。54. because-从句引导原因状语从句，“因为”。 例如：He didnt hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.他没有听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。55. so + do/be + 主语“So + be/助动词/情态

32、动词 + 主语” 表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。例如：He likes football and so do I.他喜欢足球，我也如此。Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom.刚才吉姆在踢足球，汤姆也在踢足球。比较： “So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”结构，是用来证实前一句所表达的内容(起强调作用)。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。A: It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。B: So it is. 确实

33、如此。56. not onlybut also 不但而且常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：She likes not only singing but also dancing.她不但喜欢唱歌，而且喜欢跳舞。He is not only a good doctor but also a good father.他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.不但我而且他也想去那儿。57. preferto 喜欢胜过.prefer (doing) s

34、th. to (doing) sth. 意为“两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一”。在此结构中，to是介词，接名词或动名词，结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如：He prefers tea to coffee.茶与咖啡相比，他更喜欢茶。He prefers doing shopping to going fishing.购物与钓鱼相比，他更喜欢购物。58. 感叹句型：What (a/an) + adj. + n. +主语+谓语! How + adj./adv.+ +主语+谓语!What a clever boy (he is)! =How clever the boy is!这个男孩儿多聪明啊！What

35、a wonderful film we saw last night!昨天晚上我们看的电影多精彩啊!How lovely the weather is!天气多好啊!How hard he works!他工作多么努力啊!59. 祈使句型祈使句型表示命令、请求、劝告等含义。说话的对象通常为第二人称，习惯上常省略。句末用句号或感叹号。肯定祈使句是：谓语动词用动词原形表示。否定祈使句是：在谓语动词前加do not(dont)。例如：Be here on time tomorrow. 明天准时到这儿来。Say it in English! 用英语说!Dont be afraid! 别怕!Dont loo

36、k out of the window! 不要朝窗外看!60. 并列句型用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。连接并列句常用的连接词有：and, but, or, so, however, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror等。例如：I help her and she helps me. 我帮助她，她帮助我。He is very old but he is in good health. 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。We must hurry, or well be late. 我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。Kate does her work carefully, so she never makes any mistakes. 凯特工作很认真，从不出错。