国际经济学专业词汇(中英文对照)(20页).doc

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1、-国际经济学专业词汇（中英文对照）目录1. 绪论22. 比较优势原理23. 国际贸易标准理论34. 需求、供给、提供曲线与贸易条件35. 要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论36. 规模经济、不完全竞争与国际贸易47. 经济增长与国际贸易58. 贸易壁垒:关税69. 非关税贸易壁垒和新保护主义710. 经济一体化:关税同盟和自由贸易区811. 国际贸易与经济发展812. 国际资源流动与跨国公司913. 国际收支平衡表914. 外汇市场与汇率1015. 汇率决定1116. 汇率调节机制1217. 收入调节机制与自动调节1218. 宏观经济调控1319. 价格与产出1420. 浮动与固定汇率和宏观政策协调

2、1421. 国际货币体系141. 绪论国际收支的调节:(adjustment in balance of payments)反全球化运动:(antiglobalization movement)国际收支:(balance of payments)外汇市场:(foreign exchange markrt)全球化:(globalization)贸易引力模型:(gravity model)相互依存:(interdependence)国际金融:(international finance)国际贸易政策:(international trade policy)国际贸易理论:(international

3、 trade theory)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)微观经济学:(microeconomics)开发经济宏观经济学:(open-economy macroeconomics)2. 比较优势原理绝对优势:(absolute advantage)贸易基础:(basis for trade)完全专业化:(complete specialization)固定机会成本:(constant opportunity cost)贸易所得:(gains from trade)劳动价值论:(labor theory of value)自由放任:(laissez-faire)比较优势原理:(la

4、w of comparative advantage)重商主义:(mercantilism)小国情况:(small-country case)相对商品价格:(relative commandity prices)生产可能性曲线:(production possibility frontier)贸易模式:(pattern of trade)机会成本理论:(opportunity cost theory)3. 国际贸易标准理论自给自足:(autarky)社会无差异曲线:(community indiffernnce curve)去工业化:(deindustrialization)孤立均衡相对价格:

5、(equilibrium-relative commodity price in isolation)贸易均衡相对价格:(equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade)交易所得:(gains from exchange)专业化所得:(gains from specialization)不完全专业化:(incomplete specialization)机会成本递增:(increasing opportunity costs)边际替代率:(marginal rate of snbstitution,MRS)边际转化率:(marginal rate

6、 of transformation,MRT)4. 需求、供给、提供曲线与贸易条件商品或易货贸易条件:(commodity or net barter terms of trade)一般均衡模型:(general equilibrium model)相互需求法则:(law of reciprocal demand)提供曲线:(offer curves)相互需求曲线:(reciprocal demand curves)贸易条件:(terms of trade)贸易无差异曲线:(trade indifference curve)5. 要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论资本密集型商品:(capital-i

7、ntensive commodity)资本/劳动比率:(capital-labor ratio)柯布-道格拉斯生产函数:(Cobb-Douglas Porduction)固定替代弹性生产函数:(constant elasticity of substitution(CES) production)规模报酬不变:(constant returns to scale)派生需求:(derived demand)替代弹性:(elasticity of substitution)尤拉定理:(Eulers theorem)要素充裕度:(factor abundance)要素密集度颠倒:(factor-in

8、tensity reversal)要素价格均等定理:(factor-price equalization(H-O-S) Theorem)要素禀赋理论:(factor-proporitions or factor-endowment theory)赫克歇尔-俄林定理:(Hechscher-Ohlin(H-O) theorem)赫克歇尔-俄林理论:(Hechscher-Ohlin(H-O) theory)人力资本:(human capital)进口替代品:(import substitutes)投入产出表:(input-output table)国内要素流动:(internal factor mo

9、bility)国际要素流动:(international factor mobility)劳动资本比率:(labor-capital ratio)劳动密集型商品:(labor-intensive commodity)里昂惕夫之谜:(leontief paradox)完全竞争:(perfect competition)相对要素价格:(relative-factor prices)特定要素模型:(specific-factor model)6. 规模经济、不完全竞争与国际贸易差别产品:(differertiated products)动态外部经济:(dynamic external economi

10、es)环保标准:(environment standards)外部经济:(external economics)流动性产业:(footloose industries)一般均衡分析:(general equilibrium analysis)规模报酬递增:(increasing returns to scale)幼稚产业观点:(infant industry arguement)国际规模经济:(international economics of scale)产业内贸易指数:(intra-industry trade index)学习曲线:(learning curve)市场定向型企业:(ma

11、rket-oriented industries)垄断竞争:(monopolistic competition)非贸易商品与服务:(montraded goods and services)离岸外包:(offshoring)寡头垄断:(oligopoly)外包:(outsourcing)局部均衡分析:(partical equilibrium analysis)产品生命周期模型:(product cycle model)资源定向型企业:(resource-oriented industries)技术差距模型:(technological gap model)运输成本或物流成本:(transpo

12、rt or logistics costs)7. 经济增长与国际贸易反贸易的生产和消费:(antitrade production and consumption)平衡增长:(balanced growth)资本节约型技术进步:(capital-saving technical progress)比较静态:(comparative statics)动态分析:(dynamic analysis)不幸的增长:(immiserizy growth)劣等品:(inferior goods)劳动节约型技术进步:(labor-saving technical progress)中性的生产和消费:(neut

13、ral production)中性技术进步:(neutral technical progress)正常品:(normal goods)产生贸易的生产和消费:(protrade production and consumption)雷布津斯基理论:(Rybczynski theorem)贸易条件效应:(terms-of-trade effect)福利效应:(wealth effect)8. 贸易壁垒:关税从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)混合关税:(compound tariff)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)关税消费效应:(consumption effect

14、 of a tariff)国内增加值:(domestic value added)出口关税:(export tariff)进口关税:(import tariff)梅茨勒悖论:(Metzler paradox)名义关税:(nominal tariff)最优关税:(optimum tariff)关税生产效应:(production effect of a tariff)关税保护成本或称重负损失:(protection cost or deadweight loss of a tariff)禁止性关税:(prohibitive tariff)有效保护率:(rate of effective prot

15、ection)租金或生产者剩余:(rent or producer surplus)关税收入效应:(revenue effect of a tariff)从量关税:(specific tariff)斯托尔帕-塞缪尔森定理:(Stolper-Samuelson theorem)关税贸易效应:(trade or commercial policies)贸易或商业政策:(trade or commercial policies)9. 非关税贸易壁垒和新保护主义双边贸易:(bilateral trade)集中化的卡特尔:(centralized cartel)反补贴税:(countervailing

16、duties,CVSs)倾销:(dumping)豁免条款:(escape clause)进出口银行:(export-import bank)出口补贴:(export subsides)外国销售公司:(Foerign sales corporations,FSC)博弈理论:(game theory)产业政策:(industrial policy)幼稚产业观点:(infront-industry arguement)国际卡特尔:(international cartel)最惠国原则:(most-favored-nation principle)多边贸易谈判:(multilateral trade

17、negotiations)国家安全条款:(national security clause)新保护主义:(new protectionism)非关税贸易壁垒:(nontariff trade barriers,NTBs)危险点条款:(peril-point provisions)持续性倾销:(persistent dumping)掠夺性倾销:(predatory dumping)配额:(quota)科学关税:(scientific tariff)偶然性倾销:(sporadic dumping)战略性贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)技术的、行政的和其他法规:(techn

18、ical,administrative and other regulations)触发价格机制:(trigger-price mechanism)贸易调整援助:(Trade Adjustment Assistance,TAA)贸易保护授权:(trade promotion authority or fast track)自动出口限制:(Voluntary Export Restraints,VERS)10. 经济一体化:关税同盟和自由贸易区双边协议:(bilateral agreements)大量采购:(bulk purchasing)中央计划经济:(centrally planned ec

19、onomies)共同市场:(common market)关税同盟:(customs union)免税区或自由经济区:(duty-free zones or free economic zones)经济一体化:(economic integration)经济同盟:(economic union)自贸区:(free trade area)特惠贸易协定:(preferential trade arrangements)国家贸易公司:(state trading companies)关税工厂:(tariff factories)次优理论:(theory of the second best)贸易创造关

20、税同盟:(trade-creation custom union)贸易偏差:(trade deflection)贸易转移关税同盟:(trade-diversion customs union)可变进口税额:(variable import levies)11. 国际贸易与经济发展缓冲库存储备:(buffer stocks)商品或纯物物交换贸易条件:(commodity or net barter terms of trade)双边要素贸易条件:(double factoral terms of trade)内生性增长理论:(ecdogenous groeth theory)增长动力:(engi

21、ne of growth)出口管制:(export controls)出口波动:(export instability)出口导向工业化:(export-oriented industrialization)出口悲观论:(export pessinism)外债:(foreign debt)进口代替工业化:(import-substitution industrialization,ISI)贸易收入条件:(income terms of trade)国际商品协定:(international commodity)市场委员会:(marketing boards)国际经济新秩序:(New Intern

22、ational Economic Order,NIEO)新兴工业化国家:(Newly Industrialized Economies,NIEs)购货合约:(purchase contract)新定居区:(regions of recent settlement)单边要素贸易条件:(single factoral terms of trade)剩余出口:(vent for surplus)12. 国际资源流动与跨国公司脑力流失:(brain drain)直接投资:(direct investments)横向一体化:(horizontal integration)跨国公司:(multinatio

23、nal)组合投资:(portfolio investments)资产组合理论:(portfolio theory)风险分散化:(risk diversification)转移定价:(transfer pricing)纵向一体化:(vertical integration)13. 国际收支平衡表调节性交易:(acconnmous transactions)自主性交易:(autonomous transactions)国际收支平衡表:(balance of transactions)资本项目:(capital account)贷方交易:(credit transactions)经常项目:(curr

24、ent account)借方交易:(debit transactions)国际收支中的逆差:(deficit in the balance of payments)复式薄记:(double-entry bookkeeping)金融项目:(financial account)金融性资本流入:(financial inflows)金融性资本流出:(financial outflows)国际投资头寸:(international investment position)官方结算余额:(official settlements balance)官方储备账户:(official reserve acco

25、unt)统计误差:(statistical discrepancy)国际收支中的盈余:(surplus in the balance of patments)单方面转移支付:(unilateral transfers)14. 外汇市场与汇率升值:(appreciation)套利:(arbitrage)套利交易:(carry trade)抛补套利利润率:(covered interest arbitrage margin ,CIAM)抛补套利平价:(covered interest arbitrage parity,CIAP)交叉汇率:(cross-exchange rate)贬值:(depre

26、ciation)不稳定性投机:(destabilizing speculation)有效汇率:(effecitive exchange rate)外汇市场有效性:(efficiency of foreign exchange markets)外汇期货:(foreign exchange futures)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)外汇期权:(foreign exchange option)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)远期贴水:(forward discount)远期升水:(forward premium)远期汇率:(forward r

27、ate)套期保值:(hedging)套利:(interest arbitrage)离岸存款:(offshore deposits)铸造利差:(seignorage)投机:(speculation)即期汇率:(spot rate)稳定性投机:(stabilizing speculation)无抛补套利:(uncovered interest arbitrage)国际支付货币:(vehicle currency)15. 汇率决定绝对购买力平价理论:(absolute purchasing-power parity theory)巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应:(Balassa-Samuelson effec

28、t)货币需求:(demand for money)汇率超调理论:(exchange rate overshooting)预期的即期汇率变化:(expected change in the spot rate)一价法则:(law of one price)国际收支的货币分析法:(monetary approach to the balance of payments)基础货币:(monetary base)资产组合平衡法:(portfolio balance approach)实际汇率:(real exchange rate)相对购买力平价理论:(relative purchasing-powe

29、r parity theory)风险溢价:(risk premium ,RP)货币供给:(supply of money)16. 汇率调节机制贬值:(devaluation)荷兰病:(Dutch disease)弹性悲观主义:(elasticity pessimism)黄金输入点:(gold export point)黄金输出点:(gold import point)金本位制:(gold standard)识别问题:(identification problem)J曲线效应:(J-curve effect)铸币评价:(mint parity)传递:(paee-through)价格黄金流动机制:

30、(price-specie-flow mechanism)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)金本位制的博弈原则:(rules of the game of the gold standard)稳定的外汇市场:(stable foreign exchange market)贸易或弹性方法:(trade or elasticity approach)不稳定外汇市场:(unstable foreign exchange market)17. 收入调节机制与自动调节吸收法:(absorption approach)平均进口倾向:(average propensity to

31、 import,APM)封闭经济:(closed economy)消费函数:(consumption function)预期或计划的投资:(desired or planned investment)均衡国民收入水平:(equilibrium level of national income)出口函数:(export function)国外反馈效应:(foreign repercussion)对外贸易乘数:(foreign trade multiplier)进口函数:(import function)进口收入需求弹性:(income elasticity of demand for impor

32、t)投资函数:(investment function)边际消费倾向:(marginal propensity to consume,MPC)边际储蓄倾向:(marginal propensity to save,MPS)边际进口倾向:(marginal propensity to import,MPM)储蓄函数:(saving function)自动调节的综合:(synthesis of automatic adjustments)18. 宏观经济调控BP曲线:(BP curve)直接控制:(direct control)外汇控制:(exchange controls)支出-改变政策:(ex

33、penditure-changing policies)支出-转换政策:(expenditure-switching policies)外部均衡:(external balance)内部均衡:(internal balance)IS曲线:(IS-curve)LM曲线:(LM-curve)多重汇率:(multiple exchange rates)蒙代尔-弗莱明模型:(Mundell-Fleming model)菲利普斯曲线:(Phillips curve)市场有效分割理论:(principle of effective market classification)货币投机需求:(specula

34、tive demand for money)货币交易需求:(transaction demand for money)贸易控制:(trade control)19. 价格与产出总需求曲线:(aggregate demand(AD) curve)总供给曲线:(aggregate supply(AS) curve)预期价格:(expected prices)通货膨胀目标值:(inflation targeting)长期总供给曲线:(long-run aggregate supply(LRAS) curve)自然产出水平:(natural level of output) 短期总供给曲线:(shor

35、t-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve)滞胀:(stagflation)20. 浮动与固定汇率和宏观政策协调可调整盯住汇率体系:(adjustable peg system)爬行钉住汇率体系:(crawling peg system)货币发行局制:(currency board arrangement,CBAs)肮脏浮动:(dirty floating)美元化:(dallarization)汇率机制:(exchange rate mechanism,ERM)自由浮动汇率体系:(freely floating exchange rate system)逆风而上:(

36、leaning against the wind)有管制的浮动汇率体系:(managed floating exchange rate system)最佳货币区域国家货币集团:(optimum currency area or bloc)稳定和增长协议:(stabality and growth pact,SGP)21. 国际货币体系调整:(adjustment)善意忽视:(benign nelect)布雷顿森林体系:(Bretton Woods System)可靠性:(confidence)信用份额:(credit tranches)货币自由兑换:(currency convertibili

37、ty)美元过剩:(dollar glut)美元泛滥:(dollar overhang)美元短缺:(dollar shortage)美元本位制:(dollar standard)第一信用份额:(first-credit trade)货款安排总协定:(General Arrangements to Borrow,GAB)黄金份额:(gold tranche)国际货币基金组织条件:(IMF conditionality)国际开发协会:(International Development Association)国际金融公司:(International Finance Corporation,IFC

38、)国际基金组织:(International Monetary Fund,IMF)国际货币体系:(International monetary system)干预货币:(intervention currency)流动性:(liquidity)国际货币基金组织净头寸:(net IMF position)借款新安排:(New Arrangement to Borrow,NAB)原罪:(original sin)铸币利差:(seigniorage)特别提款权:(Special Drawing Rights,SDRS)备用协议:(standby arrangements)次贷危机:(subprime mortgage crisis)替代账户:(substitution account)超黄金份额:(super gold tranche)互换协议:(swap arrangements)-第 20 页-