初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解 练习及答案(7页).doc
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1、-初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解 练习及答案-第 7 页定语从句1关系代词引导的定语从句一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.every day & everydayevery day“每天”,作时间状语。everyday是形容词,“每天的,日常的”。eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英语。 He goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚。2. between & amongbetween 常用于表示两者之间,或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间among一般指在三者或三
2、者以上众多事物之中。eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary. 汤姆在安和玛丽之间。They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话【固定搭配】to do / doing在英语中,有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同1.forgettodo忘记做某事 ImsorryIforgottoposttheletter. forgetdoing做过某事忘了 Iforgottellinghimthenewstheotherday. 2. stoptodo停下来做某事 Hestopp
3、edtotalktomewhenhesawmeinthestreet yesterday.stopdoing停止做某事 Pleasestoptalkingloudlyinthelibrary. 3.trytodo尽力做某事 Illtrytogettherebeforesunset. 我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。trydoing试着做某事 Whynottryknockingatthebackdoor? 为什么不试一试敲后门? 4.regrettodo遗憾地将做某事 IregrettosaythatIcantgowithyou.regretdoing后悔做过某事 Iregretmissingsuch
4、agoodchanceofpractisingmyspokenEnglish.【关系代词引导的定语从句】 (一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose
5、)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,
6、可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people th
7、at/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will so
8、on be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?【总结】:一、 关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhowhichthat定语whose(of whom)whose(of which) is the doctor who came from L
9、ondon.2.The book whichthat I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room thatwhich Shakespeare was born in.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点: 1如果先行词是all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:All that are present
10、burst into tears.2如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that, 不用which。例如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思与and this相似。例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made
11、 his parents very happy.4先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词应该用that。例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等,关系代词常常只可用whom或which,不可用that。 例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.像listen
12、 to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、 典型例题 ( )1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.
13、 which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous?A who B whose C that D whom( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A with him B with whom C who D whom( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an or
14、phan.A which B his C whose D with( )6、This is the reason _ he told me.A、that B、why C、on which D、for that( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom ( )9、Shaolin
15、 Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what ( )10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which三、课后练习 ( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games.A.
16、 where B. that C. which D. what( )2. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where( )3. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. when B. which C. who( )4. I like writers _ write short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who( )5. This is the question _
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