2015考研英语大纲附录1、2后缀常用词汇.doc

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1、常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerning the air of aircraftplane-aeroplane 飞机space-aerospace 航空空间anti-：against；opposite ofnuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的matter-antimatter反物质war-antiwar反战的auto-：of or by oneselfbiography传记 autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省be-：to tre

2、at as the stated thingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低bi-：two；twice；doublelingual-bilingual 双语的； 人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerning living thingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere 生物圈by-，bye-：less importantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门centi-：hundredth partgrade-cent

3、igrade 摄氏 meter-centimeter 厘米co-：together，withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处col-：( used before l ) together，withlocation-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，withpassion-compassion 怜悯、同情con-：together，withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟 同盟，联邦cont

4、ra-：oppositediction-contradiction 矛盾、否定 反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：( used before r ) together，withrelate-correlate 有相关性respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract 对抗、抵消attack-counterattack 反攻、反击cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining themcountry-crosscount

5、ry越野的breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reducecode-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue 贬值，贬低dis-：not；the opposite ofadvantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to becomebody-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower 授权

6、、准许en-：to cause to become；to makedanger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险large-enlarge 扩大、扩充 放大ex-：former ( and still living )minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长wife-ex-wife 前妻extra-：outside；beyondcurricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：in advance，before；in or at the frontarm-forearm前臂

7、，预先武装warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知il-：( used before l ) notlegal-illegal 非法 literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的im-：( used before b，m，p ) notmoral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受in-：notdirect-indirect 间接地，婉转的sensitive-insensitive 感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：below in a range；beyondred-infrared 红外线的struc

8、tureinfrastructure 基础设施，基础结构inter-：between；amongchangeinterchange 互换、互易；交替变换nationalinternational 国际的intra-：inside，within；intocityintracity市内的department-intra-departmentir-：（used before r）notregularirregular 不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsibleirresponsible 不负责kilo-：thousandgramkilogram千克 meter-kilometer千米macro

9、-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather thanparticular parts ofeconomicsmacroeconomics 宏观经济学structuremacrostructure宏观结构mal-：bad or badlyfunctionmalfunction 故障，障碍treatmaltreat 虐待、滥用micro-：extremely smallcomputermicrocomputer 微机electronicsmicroelectronics 微电子学mid-：middle daymidday 中午nightmidnigh

10、t 午夜mini-：small；shortbusminibus 小汽车skirtminiskirt超短裙mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wronglyfortunemisfortune 不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸understandmisunderstand误会 误解mono-：one；singleplanemonoplane单翼机tonemonotone 单调的multi-：more than one；manypurposemultipurpose多种用途的，多目标nationalmultinational多国的，跨国公司non-：notresident-non(-)res

11、ident不住在某地的(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的sensenonsense 胡说，无聊的事物out-：outside；beyondlive-outlive比(某人)长寿; 活到(某事)已被遗忘dooroutdoor户外的 露天over-：too much；above；additionalhead-overhead离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的time-overtime超出的时间; 额外的时间费poly-：manycentricpolycentric多中心的syllabicpolysyllabic 多音节的post-：later than；aftergrad

12、uatepostgraduate 研究生的，生warpostwar战后的pre-：before；in advancepayprepay预付warprewar战前的，在战前pro-：in favor of，supportingAmerica-pro-Americaabortion-pro-abortion 早产pseudo-：not real；falsenamepseudonym假名，化名；笔名sciencepseudoscience 伪科学re-：again；back to the former stateunitereunite重聚，再联合usereuse 再用self-：by means

13、of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or inoneself or itselfemployed-self-employedtaught-self-taughtsemi-：half；partlycirclesemicircle半圆形finalsemifinal半决赛step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried motherstepmother继母childrenstepchildren养子sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated

14、biggerwholedividesubdivide再分，细分section-subsection分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分super-：more，larger，greater than usual marketsupermarket超市naturalsupernatural超自然的，超自然的现象tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for televisioncommunicationtelecommunication电信screen-telescreentherm(o)-：concerning heatchemistry-thermochemi

15、strymeterthermometer 温度计trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; betweenAtlantic-transatlantic电视屏幕,荧光屏plant-transplant移植tri-: three; three timesangular-triangular 三角cycle-tricycle三轮车,机器三轮车ultra-: beyond; very, extremelymodern-ultramodern超现代化的sound-ultrasound超声，超声波un-: notcertain-uncertain不确定的for

16、tunate-unfortunate 不幸的，不幸的人under-: too little; belowdevelop-underdevelop(使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-: one, singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional单向的，单向性的vice-: next in the rank; belowchairman-vice-chairman 副委员长president-vice-president副总统，副校长2.常用后缀（1） 名词后缀-ability，-ibility 能力

17、able-abilityflexible-flexibility弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性-age时期post-postage邮费，邮资short-shortage 不足-alarrive-arrival到达, 抵达 ；物refuse-refusal拒绝-an，-ian，-arian 员；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance，-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference 人-ancy，-encyemerge-emergency紧急情况expect-expectancy期望-ant，-ent 人apply-applicant申请

18、求职人correspond-correspondent 通信员 记者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精确的, 准确private- praivit privacy隐居, 独处私事, 隐私-domking-kingdom国王，界，领域free-freedom自由，自主权-ee 人employ-employee雇工interview-interviewee接受面谈者; 被接见者-er，-or，-ar 人paint-painterbeg-beggar 乞丐-ery 行为；身份、制度brave-braveryslave-slavery奴隶身份 制度-ese 人China-ChinaeseJa

19、pan-Japanese-ess 人actor-actresswaiter-waitress-ful 量hand-handful一把 少数spoon-spoonful一匙的量-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood成年, 成年期; 男子气概-ics学科electron-electronicslinguist言学家-linguistics语言学-ion，-ition，-ation 物collect-collectionobserve-observation-ism 主义Marx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-ist 人psychiatry-psych

20、iatristviolin-violinist-ity，-tycruel-cruelty残忍, 残酷pure-purity纯, 纯洁, 纯正, 洁净-mentmove-movementretire-retirement增加; 发展, 扩大-nessdark-darknesshappy-happiness-ologyclimateclimatology气候学futurefuturology未来学-ship 关系friendfriendship友情、友谊scholar学者scholarship学问学识，奖学金-sion，-ssion 物decide-decisionexpand-expansion

21、-thgrow-growth增加; 发展, 扩大wide-width宽度, 阔度, 广度-ure 状态closeclosure停业、关闭exposeexposure 暴露曝光 (2)动词前缀-endeep-deepen变深, 加深fast-fasten系紧, 拴牢-ifyclass-classify分类; 归类simplesimplify简化-ize，-ise 使怎么样modern-modernize / modernizepopular-popularize / popularize(3)形容词后缀-able，-ible 的suit-suitablequestion-questionable

22、可疑的; 有疑问的-alnature-naturalstructure-structural-an，-arian，-iansuburb-suburbanCanadaCanadian 人 的-ant，-ent 的differ-differentplease-pleasant-ary，-ory 的advise-advisorycustom-customary-ateconsider-consideratefortune-fortunate-en的gold-goldenwood-wooden-ese的 ，人China-ChineseJapan-Japanese-free 无.的care-carefr

23、eeduty-duty-free-fulcare-carefulpain-painful-ic，-ical的atomatomic原子的psychologypsychological心理学的-ish的girl-girlish女孩子(似)的, 少女的child-childish孩子的, 孩子气的, 孩子所特有的-ivecreate-creative创造性的, 有创造力的support-supportive支持的, 拥护的; 赞助的-less 无的hope-hopeless不抱希望的, 绝望的pain-painless-likechild-childlike孩子似的,天真烂漫的lady-ladyli

24、ke风度雍容如贵妇的,温雅的-ly 的manmanly刚强的monthmonthly一月的 月刊-ous，-ious 的danger-dangerouspoison-poisonous-sometire-tiresome令人生厌的trouble-troublesome引起麻烦的, 令人讨厌的, 令人烦恼的-ward 向的down-downward向下的, 往下的up-upward-y 的guilt-guilty内疚的；有罪的noise-noisy嘈杂的; 喧闹的 (4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easily容易地, 不费力地heavy-heavily严重地; 大量地-ward，-wardseas

25、t-eastward(s)向东north-northward(s)-wise clock-clockwise顺时针方向的other-otherwise 除此之外，否则二、部分国家（或地区）、语言、国名及国籍表国家（或地区）语言国民国籍America美国 American AmericanAustralia澳大利亚Australian AustralianBrazil巴西Brazilian BrazilianBritain英国人English BritonBritishCanada加拿大 CanadianCanadianChina中国 ChineseChineseEgypt埃及 Egyptian

26、 EgyptianEngland英国 EnglishEnglishman EnglishFrance法国 FrenchFrenchmanFrenchGermany德国 GermanGermanGermanGreece希腊 GreekGreekGreekIndia印度IndianIndianIreland爱尔兰IrishIrishmanIrishIsrael以色列 IsraeliIsraeliItaly 意大利 ItalianItalianItalianJapan日本 JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseThe Netherlands DutchDutchmanDutchNew Ze

27、aland新西兰New ZealanderPortugal葡萄牙 Portuguese Portuguese PortugueseRussia俄国 RussianRussianRussianScotland苏格兰 Scottish Scotsman Scots, ScottishSpain西班牙 SpanishSpaniardSpanishSweden瑞典 SwedishSwedishSwedishSwitzerland瑞士SwissSwissWales威尔士 WelshWelshmanWelsh三、洲名名词Africa非洲 America美洲 Antarctica 南极洲 Asia亚洲 Au

28、stralia澳洲 Europe欧洲North America北美洲 Oceania大洋洲 South America南美洲形容词African非洲的 American美洲的 Antarctic南极洲的 Asian亚洲的 Australian澳洲的European欧洲的 North American北美洲的 Oceanic大洋洲的 South American南美洲的 四、常见缩写词Jan. January 一月Feb. February 二月Mar. March 三月Apr April 四月May 五月Jun. June 六月Jul. July 七月Sep.,Sept. September

29、九月Oct. October 十月Nov. November 十一月Dec. December 十二月Mon. Monday 星期一Tues Tuesday 星期二Wed,Weds Wednesday 星期三Thurs Thursday 星期四Fri. Friday 星期五Sat. Saturday 星期六Sun. Sunday 星期日BC, B.C. before Christ 公元前BS， BScBachelor of Science 理科学士C Centigrade 摄氏度cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CD compact disk 光盘，激光唱片cf. confer(

30、=compare) 试比较；参看cm centimeter 厘米Co company 公司c/o care of 由转交cp. compare 比较dept. , Dept.Department 部，司，局，系Dr , Dr. doctor 博士；医生e.g. exempli gratia(=for example)例如esp. Especially 尤其是et al. et alia(=and others) 以及其他等等etc. et cetera(=and the rest) 等等F Fahrenheit 华氏的ft Foot,feet 英尺g,gm gram 克GMT Greenwic

31、h Mean Time格林威治时间hr,hr. hour 小时ID identification card 身份证i.e. id est( = that is) 那就是，即in. inch 英寸Inc. incorporated 股份有限的Jr. junior 小 (用于姓名后)kg,kg. kilogram 千克，公斤km,km. kilometer 千米，公里l,l. liter 升lb,lb. libra( = pound) 磅Ltd. limited 有限的, 股份有限m,m. meter 米MA Master of Arts 文科硕士MS,MSc Master of Science

32、理科硕士min. minute 分钟ml,ml. millimeter 毫升Mr,Mr. Mister 先生Mrs,Mrs. Mistress 夫人，太太Ms,Ms. Mrs or Miss 女士Mt mount,mountain 峰，山No. Number 号码P page;parking 页，停车处par,para paragraph （文章的）段Ph.D,PhD philosophiae Doctor 博士pl. plural 复数PM,P.M. post meridiem( = afternoon)下午，午后PRC Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国Pr

33、of. Professor 教授PS postscript 附言Rd.,rd road 路sec. second 秒sing. singular 单数sq square 平方；广场st. street 街道sth something 某物，某事t,t. ton 吨tel. telephone 电话UK United Kingdom 英国UN United Nations 联合国US,U.S. United States ( of America)美国usu. usually 通常v,vs versus 对VIP very important person重要人物vol. Volume 卷，册W,w watt 瓦特WC water closet 厕所