句子成分和5种简单句(11页).doc

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1、-句子成分和5种简单句-第 11 页句子成分和简单句一、 句子的成分（一）、句子各成分的定义1.主语：句子叙述的主体He speaks English.2.谓语：说明主语所发出的动作。由动词来充当。He speaks English.3.宾语：是动作的对象或承受者。He speaks English.4.定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语的性质,特征范围等情况.Tom is a good boy The two girls are students.5.状语：用于说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况。I eat some bananas today. The

2、boy wants a pen very much.In the classroom,the boy wants a pen.6.补语：补语是起补充说明作用的成份。它的作用对象是主语和宾语.You should keep your eyes open. My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.7.表语：是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。一般放在系动词之后。These apples are delious. She looks beautiful!8.同位语：在名词或代词之后,对前者加以说明的成分。We students s

3、hould study hard.We all are students.9.独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分Hi, Im Lucy. Yes,I like math.（二）、各成分的划分符号1.主语 2.谓语 3.宾语 4.定语 （ ）5.状语 6.补语 7.主语部分和谓语部分 表语和系动词一起构成谓语；主语同位语则跟主语划到一起，宾语同位语则跟宾语划到一起。（三）、各成分的基本位置关系主语在谓语前 宾语在谓语后 主语和宾语前是定语 谓语前是状语 主语、宾语后是补语或同位语二、简单句的5种结构（一）简单句就是只有主谓宾的句子。1. “主谓”结构（扩充定语

4、和状语）The car disappeared(消失).2. “主系表”结构The girl is very clever.3. “主谓宾”结构The boy speaks English.4. “主谓宾+宾补”结构We all think (his) story .在这里interesting当补语，补充说明宾语story，体会一下把补语去掉是什么滋味儿。5. “主谓+间宾+直宾”结构He gives me (a) pen.这句话中有2个宾语，pen是直接宾语，me是间接宾语。（二）、there + be 句型。1.“there + be ”表示“有”。主语不是there , 而是be 动词

5、后面的词语。 例1：There is a book and a pencil on the desk.主语不是there，而是is后面的book 和pencil.2.there+be句型的be动词的单复数取决于它右边的第一个主语的数。 例2：There are three books and an apple on the desk.练习一(一). 指出下列句中主语（4分， 4分钟） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The u

6、seful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do

7、 you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn

8、t C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My bro

9、ther hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him

10、 monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow.

11、 Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sl

12、eep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you

13、see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hur

14、ried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us his

15、tory next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?练习二指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to

16、you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We c

17、an send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .18. We should serve the people heart and soul.19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20

18、. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22. Its strange that she doesnt come today .23. It was in the library that I come today .24. He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot

19、to lock the door. 练习 三 A1、 _ six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 、_ in the room at that time.A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、ITS very noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 _ in English in class eve

20、ry day is important.A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell5 、There must be_ near the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores6 、Although its raining hard, _ are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since theyB1、 The doctor as well as the nurses

21、 _ great concern for the patients.A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2、 Your son must be a clever boy, _ he?A. is B. isnt C. must D. mustnt 3、 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students in this school.A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I _ go to the shop

22、 today, for there is a lot of food at home.A. mustnt B. had to C. cant D. neednt 5 、Dont _ excited.A. get B. is C. seem D. look 6 This room _ every morning.A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaningC1、 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is _ to lift th

23、e heavy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough3、 The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is_English.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、Two balls are_.A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desksD1 、We shou

24、ld get ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 _interesting work we are doing?A. What a B. How C. What D. What an 3、 I want_ a teacher when I grow up (-fx;fc).A. to be B. to C. be D. being 4、 -Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so. To be honest, I really

25、 dont feel like_on apicnic.A. going B. to go C. go D. went 5 Do you know_?A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where he live D. if where he lives 6 Let _ do it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she 7 I dont know_.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to doE 1、 I saw him _ basketball with Ja

26、ck an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play o 2、 Sorry, weve kept you_ for a long time.A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting 3 、The teacher told us _ late again.A. arent be B. dont be C. not to be D. not be 4 、We find the room very_.A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardlyF1 、I found _ diffi

27、cult to work together with him.A. it B. its C. that D. those 2 、We all know _ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.A. that B. this C. which D. it 3、 He found _ very interesting to play with the little dog.A. what B. it C. / D. thatG( ) 1 Tom said he _ a good dream yesterday evening

28、.A. dream B. dreamed C. have D. has ( ) 2 Children _ a happy life in China.A. lead B. living C. has D. leadingH( ) 1 America, Japan and Canada are_countries.A. developing B. developed C. less developed D. develop ( ) 2 -_ skirt is that on the chair?-Let me see. Oh, no, its not mine.A. Whose B. What

29、C. Whos D. Which ( ) 3 Do you have anything _?A. saying B. toay C. said D. say ( ) 4 Look, there is an_tree by the wall.A. apple B. apples C. apples D. apples ( ) 5 Where is_seat?A. yours B. your C. you D. yourselvesI( ) 1 The box is _ heavy for her _ carry.A. very; to B. too; not toC. too; to D. ve

30、ry too; to 2 -_ did you buy the new bag?-Last Monday.A. Where B. How C. When D. Who 3 You can see these signs in a hospital. _ can you see them?A. Where else B. Where place elseC. Where else place D. Else where 4 They went out _ their old friends.A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 5 There i

31、s a wide river_ our village.A. outside B. over C. from D. belowJ 1 The young man, _ works in the office.A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me 2 Our English teacher, _ often helps us with study.A. Mrs Wang B. Mrs5 WangC. MrsWangs . D. of him 3 _, some railway workers are busy repairing the

32、 train.A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs答案练习一：(一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C C D C A A (三)homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. whoFather Christmasreally is.(四)tired. worried yellow. interested the first(五) family giventhird s

33、ome downstairs of the other shoe!(六)to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football (七) on her face. Every night when he was eleven. too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.(八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语练习三：A . 1-6 A A B B A CB. 1-6 B B C D A B C. 1-5 A A A B A D. 1-7 B C A A B B B E. 1-4 D D C AF. 1-3 A D B G. 1-2 B A H. 1-5 B A B A B I .1-5 C C A C A J. 1-3 B A C