宾语从句用法详解(6页).doc

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1、-宾语从句用法详解在句子中起作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。一、宾语从句用法宾语从句的时态： 1主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 2主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 3主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、时用一般现在时。 4情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether.o

2、r not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过. who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了

3、指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买还是的电话了吗 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me

4、 when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect （that ）they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，

5、因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 动词短语也可以带宾语从

6、句 常见的这些词有： make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water ever

7、y day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,ha

8、ve,see to. I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. 若宾语从句是

9、wh-类，则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的. 三、介词的宾语从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句： We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 m

10、anned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知. 四、形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,

11、afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 五、if与whether if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：

12、leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） 避免歧义时，我们常用whether而不用if. 六、不省略引导词thatlearn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时； 当宾语从句较长时； 当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时； 当主语谓语动词(包括)与宾语从句之间有插入语时； 当一个动词带有两个

13、或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略； 当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时； 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时； 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或时； 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时； 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时； 在中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 七、否定转移宾语从句的反意疑问句 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其一般与宾语从句一致. I d

14、ont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是 八、时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时

15、态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读. 从句表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me th

16、at he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary. 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮围着地球转. 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. 6.无论任何时候都为陈述语序.-第 6 页-