欧洲晴雨表报告：假新闻和虚假网络消息（英文）.docx

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1、 EuropeanCommissionFlash Eurobarometer 464ReportFake news and disinformation onlineFieldworkFebruary 2018PublicationApril 2018Q1.6 How much do you trust or not the news and information you access through.Video hosting websites and podcasts (%)8383421 26 2525LV CZ CY SITend to trust1 a . 93430not to

2、trust- 4-二PL FI NL31 31 二 2722 11323 iiMM53 36 311 I亘=聚BE EL LU EE UKDo not trust atBGall25生 24 20 21 22 22linilii211431112EU28 IT SE MT ES FR AT HU DEI Dont knowBase: All Respondents (N=26/576)The level of trust in online social networks and messaging apps is generally similar as for video hosting

3、websites and podcasts. Across the EU as a whole, 26% of respondents say they trust the news and information they access through online social networks and messaging apps, ranging from 41% in Portugal to 17% in Austria and Germany. On the other side, at least a third of respondents answered dont know

4、 to this question in Lithuania (38%), Estonia and Hungary (both 34%).This is one of the two least trusted sources of news and information (along with video hosting websites and podcasts) in most of the countries. The exceptions are Romania, where this source has a slightly higher level of trust than

5、 online newspapers and news magazines (39% compared with 37%), and Hungary, where trust in these two sources is the same (28% in each case).Q1.3 How much do you trust or not the news and information you access through.Online social networks and messaging apps (%)19 24 28 21 19 15 34 23 10 23 20 38 2

6、2 19 32 25 17 22 88353239Tend to trustBE334-星PL DK LT FI ELTend not to trust1BG IEDo not1627 27trust at27253HUalll-llFR23 22 1424 2423 17DE ATES EU28UK SEknowBase: All Respondents (N=26,576)The socio-demographic analysis shows that:Levels of trust in the various sources are similar for men and women

7、, except that women are more likely than men to trust news and information on television (69% compared with 62%), while men are slightly more likely than women to trust video hosting websites and podcasts (30% compared with 25%).There are differences by age, with younger people more likely to trust

8、online sources, specifically: online newspapers and news magazines (60% among those aged 15-24-year-old falling to 34% among those aged 55 or over) and video hosting websites and podcasts (46% among those aged 15-24-year-old, falling to 16% of those aged 55 or over). In both cases, the lower levels

9、of trust among older people are partly due to a greater proportion of dont know answers. There is less variation by age in relation to online social networks and messaging apps, with all age groups much more likely not to trust this source than to trust it. Older people are also less likely than you

10、nger people to trust printed newspapers and news magazines (57% of those aged 55+, rising to 73% of 15-24s) and radio (64% of those aged 55+, compared with 72%-75% in the other age groups). There is no significant difference by age in relation to trust in television. There is a tendency for more hig

11、hly educated respondents to express greater levels of confidence in the various sources, and this applies in particular to online newspapers and news magazines: 56% of those who finished education at the age of 20 or above say they trust this source, compared with 41% of those who ended education at

12、 the age of 16-19, and 22% of those who left education by the age of 15. The difference is less pronounced for the other online sources. People working as employees have greater confidence in traditional media sources than those in other occupational groups. For example, 77% trust news and informati

13、on they receive on radio, compared with 66%-69% in other groups. This also applies to online newspapers and news magazines (58% compared with 38%-53%), but not to the other online sources.Respondents who use online social networks express greater levels of trust in online sources. Among those who us

14、e online social networks every day or almost every day, 60% trust news and information from online newspapers and news magazines, while this falls to 29% among those who do so seldom or never. A similar pattern can be observed in relation to online social networks and messaging apps, and video hosti

15、ng websites and podcasts; however, even among those who use online social networks every day or almost every day, only a minority say they trust these two sources (38% and 37% respectively).Respondents who use online social networks express also greater levels of trust in traditional sources of news

16、 and information such as radio, television and written press compared with those that use them only seldom or never, although in this case the differences in the levels of trust are less significant than those observed for the online sources.How much do you trust or not the news and information you

17、access through. (%-UE28)UE28UE28OnlineRadioTelevisionPrinted newspapers and news magazinesOnline newspapers and news magazinesVideo hosting websites andsocial networks and messagingappsTrust:knowTrust:knowTrust:knowTrust:knowTrust70106656310472027252620SexMale6996256210481730212718Female711169564114

18、62325292621rr aH Age15-2472767373660646536325-39747646679598351131640-54757694651052162622291455 +64156555712343416431936 Education (End of) 15-5518575451722391444183916-196810674601141232627272120+758675689561529222716S till studying767702794654474363甘 Respondent occupation scaleBase: All Responden

19、ts (N=26,576)Self-employed697586629531329192814Employee777704698581231172910Manual workers6896385912441931213116Not working6613655601138282333242811Frequency of Online Social Media use11IIIu1111111111111111Every day or almost everyday7586946896083712383At least once a week71866464852112817306Several

20、 times a month68864461642172522277Seldom or never64136265812293713449462. Perceived exposure to Fake NewsThe majority of Europeans say that they encounter fake news at least once a weekWhen asked how often they come across fake news - defined as news or information that they believe misrepresent rea

21、lity or is even false, more than a third of respondents (37%) say that this happens every day or almost every day, while a further 31% say it happens at least once a week. Around one in eight respondents (12%) say that they come across fake news several times a month, while one in six (17%) say that

22、 this seldom or never happens7Q2. How often do you come across news or information that you believe misrepresent reality or is even false?.Q2 How often do you come across news or information that you believe misrepresent reality or is even false?(% - EU)Dont know3Everyday oralmost everyday 37Several

23、 timesa month12At least oncea weekBase: All Respondents (N=26,576)In every country, at least half of respondents say that they encounter fake news at least once a week. The highest proportions can be seen in Spain (78%), Hungary (77%), Croatia (76%), Poland, France (both 75%), Greece (74%) and Slova

24、kia (73%), In Greece and Spain, more than half of respondents say that they come across fake news every day or almost every day (55% and 53% respectively). On the other side, respondents in Finland (50%), Lithuania (53%), Estonia and Malta (both 54%) are the least likely to say that they come across

25、 fake news at least once a week.Q2 How often do you come across news or information that you believe misrepresent reality or is even false?(%)111192512 9 14 14 6 15 17 12 Every day or almost everyday1415 1612口31371圈1715彳 At least oncea weekEU28 IT181820./ Several timesa month20 18 2112Seldom or Neve

26、rI Dont know2119 20 22 25rr 2921 23 21Base: All Respondents (N=26,576)The socio-demographic analysis shows that:Men say they encounter fake news more frequently than women: 73% of men say they have come across fake news at least once a week, compared with 64% of women.Younger respondents are more li

27、kely to say they come across fake news at least once a week: 77% of 15-24 year olds, falling to 61% of those aged 55 or over.Respondents who left education later (aged 20 or above) are more likely to say they encounter fake nevus at least once a week (70% versus 55% among those who left education by

28、 the age of 15). Frequent experience of fake news is more prevalent among self-employed (75% say they encounter fake news at least once a week) and employees (71%) than among manual workers (65%) and among those who are not working (64%). Those who use online social networks every day or almost ever

29、y day are more likely to say they encounter fake news (75% versus 57% of those who seldom or never use online social networks).Q2 How often do you come across news or informationthat you believe misrepresent reality or is even false?(% - UE28)Base: All Respondents (N=26,576)UE28Every day or almost e

30、verydayAt least once a weekSeveral times a monthSeldom or NeverDont knowTotal At least once a week37311217368W SexMale42311015273Female33311318564S Age15-243938101307725-394133131217440-543731121736855 +34271221661 Education (End of)15-3124122585516-193630121846620+40301315270Still studying334310131

31、76附 Respondent occupation scaleSelf-employed46291112275Employee38331413271Manual workers3233923365Not working35291219564Frequency of Online Social MediauseEvery day or almost everyda 43321112275At least once a week32381216270Several times a month31282315359Seldom or never312613246573. Perceived abil

32、ity to recognize Fake NewsMost respondents are confident that they can identify fake newsMore than two-thirds of Europeans (71%) are at least somewhat confident/ that they are able to identify news or information that misrepresent reality or is false (fake news). However, only 15% say they are very

33、confident. In addition, 21% say they are not very confident and 5% not at all confident8.Q3 How confident or not are you that you are able to identily news or information that misrepresent reality or is even false?Not at allconfident5Dont know3Very confident15Not veryconfident21Somewhatconfident56Ba

34、se: All Respondents (N=26,576)8Q3, How confident or not are you that you are able to identify news or information that misrepresent reality or is even false?(% - EU)In every country, more than half of respondents are at least somewhat confident that they can identify fake news. This applies to more

35、than three-quarters of respondents in seven countries: Denmark (87%), Ireland (84%), Finland, Croatia (both 82%), Romania, the UK (both 79%) and Cyprus (78%).Respondents are least confident about being able to identify fake news in Spain (55% are at least somewhat confident), Portugal (56%), Bulgari

36、a, Hungary (both 57%) and Belgium (59%).Q3 How confident or not are you that you are able to identify news or information that misrepresent reality or is even false?447612524313131113141621192123232121252524 2531 32 33 336057 60 5856 4862 66 59 56 56 57 5660 58 5951 5549 41 43M M 22 24 M 23 二 llllll

37、llil23302515 15 14 15148 10 8 9 = 9：=II + H 柔 I = II MDK IE FI HR RO UK CY MT NL FR SKEU28 PL DE ATLU LV CZ SE LT EEBE HU BG Very confident Somewhat confident Not very confident Not at all confidentI Dont knowBase: All Respondents (N=26,576)The socio-demographic analysis highlights the following:Men

38、 are more confident than women that they are able to identify fake news: 74% and 67% respectively are very or somewhat confident.Older respondents are less confident in their ability to identify fake news: 63% of those aged 55 or over are confident, compared with 72%-78% in the other age groups.Resp

39、ondents who left education aged 20 or above are significantly more confident that they are able to identify fake news: 76% compared with 53% among those who left education at the age of 15. Confidence in identifying fake news is slightly greater among employees (76%) and selfemployed respondents (75

40、%) than among manual workers (70%) and those who are not working (66%).Those who use online social networks regularly tend to be more confident: 76% compared with 63% among those who use social networks seldom or never.Respondents who come across fake news more frequently are more confident in ident

41、ifying it: 79% of those who come across fake news every day or almost every day are confident, compared with 55% of those who seldom or never come across fake news.Q3 How confident or not are you that you are able to identify news or information that misrepresent reality or is even false?(%-UE28)UE2

42、81556215371SexMaleFemale18561952741255246367Age15-24166118417725-39176118317840-54155721527255 +1449257563Education (End of)15-1340291265316-19145423636820+1759193276Still studying1564173179Respondent occupation scaleSelf-employed2253185275Employee1660203176Manual workers1456217270Not working1452237

43、466Frequency of Online Social Media useEvery day or almost everyday1759203176At least once a week1359206272Several times a month1651264367Seldom or never1350239563Exposure to Fake NewsBase: All Respondents (N=26,576)Every day or almost everyday2356164179At least once a week1163214174Several times a month1157264268Seldom or never11443011455 IMPACT OF FAKE NEWS AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADRESSING THE PROBLEMThis section looks at the impact of fake news and the responsibility for addressing the problem. Firstly, it examines the extent to which fake news is perceived as a pro