高中英语语法学习之名词知识集锦.docx

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1、高中英语语法学习之名词知识集锦单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）L One day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close with death.A confusingB . combinationC . criticizeD . encounter答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当他正开着大卡车的时候，他和死神有一个亲密接触。A.confusing adj.难 以理解的；B bination n.结合（体）n,联合（体）；C.criticize v.批评,指责；D.encounter n.遭遇,偶

2、遇。 根据句子结构可知，这里需要名词，被形容词close修饰，做动词had的宾语，分析句子意思可知，他是卡车 司机，正在开车的时候应该是很危险的事情发生，所以是和死神有一个亲密接触，意思符合句意。应选Do2、People who do not smoke have less of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.A . potentials . causeC . hopeD . choice答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不吸烟的人比吸烟的人患肺癌的可能性小。A. potential可能性；潜在性；B. cause 原因；C

3、. hope希望；D. choice选择。结合语境可知，句中将“不吸烟的人”与“吸烟的人”在患肺癌方面的 可能性（大小）方面进行了比拟。uhave potential of doing sthn ,固定短语，意为“有做某事的可能性”， 符合语境搭配。应选A项。3、 All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving.A waistB . qualificationsC . salaryD . leisure答案：B 解析: 考查名词。句意：如果人类不为未来着想而继续浪费自然资源，后代将处于危险之

4、中。A.representatives代表；B. operators经营者；C.generations世代；D.candidates候选人。结合句意,后代将会处于危险之中。应选C。28、 He fought against the illness with courage and.A . floodB . visaC . plateD . determination答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以勇气和决心与疾病作斗争。A. flood洪水；B. visa签证；C. plate盘子；D. determination决心。根据常识判断可知，和疾病作斗争需要决心和勇气。应选D。29、 T

5、here are many in your homework, so you d better correct them before you hand it in .A . baseB . errorsC . behaviourD . bad答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。A. base根基，基础；B. errors 错误；C. behaviour 行为；D. bad 坏人，坏事。根据 so you d better correct them ” 可知,作业中有错误。应选Bo30、 “Tommy, run! Be quick! The

6、house is on fire! the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice.A . angerB . confusionC . regretD . panic答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“汤米，快跑!快点!房子着火了!”母亲喊道，声音里明显流露出恐慌。Aanger愤怒,生气；B.confusion困惑；C.regret后悔，遗憾；D.panic惊慌，恐慌。根据The house is on fire!可知他母亲是恐慌地大喊。应选D项。10小提示:31、You can t take photos without her.A . adv

7、entureB . faultC . patienceD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险；B.fault过错；Cpatience耐心;D.permission允许。由You can1 t take photos without her可知，句子意为“没有她的允许你不能拍照”， 因此空格处为“允许”，应选D。32、The Great Wall is a great tourist, drawing millions of visitors every year.A . attentionB . attraction

8、C . appointmentD . arrangement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：长城是一个伟大的旅游景点，每年吸弓I数以百万计的游客。A. attention注意力；B. attraction 有吸弓 I 力的事物；C. appointment 约会；D. arrangement 安排。根据 drawing millions of visitors every yearn可知，应使用名词attraction构成名词词组tourist attraction,意为“旅游景点”。应选B项。33、They were all brave enough to take up arms i

9、n of their country.A . conflicts . defenceC . contentD . represent答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都勇敢地拿起武器保卫自己的国家。A. conflict冲突；B. defence保卫；C.content内容；D. represent代表，动词。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处考查短语in defence of,表示“保卫”，应选B。1134、 It was to be invited here today.A . great honourB . honouringC . a great honourD . honoured

10、答案：C解析：考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，这是固定句型ltis/was+名词/ 形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词honour意为“荣幸” 表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因此，应该用a修 饰，即 a great honour。应选 C 项。35、I failed in my to persuade her to go with me.A . attemptB . attackC . thrillD . border答案：A解析：考

11、查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图说服她和我一起去，但失败了。A. attempt试图；B. attack攻击；C. thrill激 动；D. border边界。in one s attempt to do sth.试图做某事。根据ul failed可知，是试图说服，但失败。故 选Ao36、What a! I wasn t expecting to see you here.A . classicB . characteristicC . certificateD . coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典，典范；B. c

12、haracteristic特色；C. certificate 证书；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文I wasn t expecting to see you here.” 可知遇见是巧合， 应用 coincidence。应选 Do1237、In the process of getting rid of racial, the USA is left far behind.A . discriminationB . compromiseC . substituteD . investigation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A

13、.discrimination歧视；B promise 妥协；C.substitute 代替；D.investigation 调查。根据空前的getting rid of racial可知，此处 指摆脱种族歧视，应选A项。38、Hangzhou is such an city that it often makes a strong on visitors and its sights never fail toattract foreign tourists.A . impressed, impressionB . impressing , impressionC . impressive,

14、 impressD . impressive, impression答案：D解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市，它经常给游客留下深刻的印象，它的风景总是吸 引着外国游客。第一个空要填形容词在句中做定语，修饰city。impressive “令人难忘的”，可以用于人，也可 以用于物一 ing形式形容词，一般用来修饰物体；-ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人。impressing一般不作形容 词用。make an impression on给留下印象。应选D。39、With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose

15、 the for watching television, which makesTV a decoration of the house.A . analysisB . appetiteC . incidentD . appreciation答案：B 解析:13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的一 种装饰。A. analysis 分析；B. appetite 兴趣,欲望；C. incident 事件；D. appreciation 欣赏。根据which makes TV a decoration of the house可知,人们

16、逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，appetite符合题意。应选B。40、Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to develop a for the rest of the century.A . concernB . signalC . strategyD . accident答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在领导层想要展望未来，为本世纪余下的时间制定策略。concern担忧，关心； signal信号,预兆；strategy策略；accident意外事故。根据上文的“look forward展望可推断，领导层想要 展望未来，制定策略。应

17、选C。41、Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried outacross long distances.A . occupations . applicationC . qualificationD . composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A. occupation 职业,占领；B. application 运用；C. qualification 资格,授权；

18、D. composition 作文。根据句子结 构和意思可知，这里需要的是“5G技术的广泛运用”的意思，考查“运用”对应的名词，在句子中做介词短 语“Due to”的宾语。应选B。42、The couples kindness gave me a deep and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.A . impressionB . expressionC . descriptionD . collection答案：A14解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇的善良给我留下了深刻的印象，让我想起了圣诞节最美好的事情。A.impres

19、sion 印象；B. expression 表达；C. description 描述；D. collection 收集,收藏品。根据and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.n 可知，impression “印象”，符合题意。应选 A 项。43、We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A . gainB . awardC . opportunityD . impact答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；

20、B. award奖品，奖金； C opportunity机会；D impact影响。根据句意,空处需填名词impact,表示“影响”。应选D项。44、The to success is to make good use of the chance to education.A . accessB . fountainC . potentialD . document答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的途径是充分利用受教育的机会。A. access通路、入径；B. fountain喷泉；C. potential潜力；D. document文件。the access 的途径）符合句意。应选

21、A项。45、To develop advanced technology, we must first develop in the young people.A resourceB . opportunityC . facilityD . creativity答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：要开展先进技术，首先要培养青年人的创造力。A. resource资源；B. opportunity15 机会；C. facility 设备、设施；C creativity 创造力。根据 HTo develop advanced technology*, 可知,开展先进 技术首先要开展创造力。应选D项

22、。46、If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of our life .A . positiveB . advantageC . negativeD . disadvantage答案：C解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。A. positive积极的；B. advantage优势（名词）；C. negative消极的；D.disadvantage

23、劣势。根据空前的“we shouldnt focus too much on”可知,我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选Co47、The managing director of this department took the for the accident, although it was not really hisfault.A . guiltB . responseC . blameD . conservation答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任，尽管这并不是他的错。A.guilt内疚； B.response 答复；C. blame 责

24、任；D. conservation 节约。根据下文although it was not really his fault.可知, 这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任。take the blame for承当的责任。应选C项。小提示：48、It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A . detailB . magnitudeC . honourD . marathon答案：B16解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震

25、级；C. honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。49、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A . frightenedB . lovelyC . pressureD . unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词

26、pressure（压力）作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力”。应选C项。50、Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.A . portsB . shoresC . shadesD . stairs答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高以他的向日葵而闻名，这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A. ports港口 ； B. shores海岸；C. shades深浅,阴影；D. stairs台阶。根据上文which was painted in three”指用三

27、种深浅不 同的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。51、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderful he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A . associationB . functionC . satisfactionD . impression答案：D 解析:17 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的

28、演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能；C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。 根据后文 “he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么 样子做了很好的描述。）”可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。52、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtful

29、ness.A . achievementB . agreementC . attentionD . appreciation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意；C. attention注意力；D. appreciation感谢。结合句意可知，此处是表达对别人体贴的感激, 用appreciation符合题意。应选D。53、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character

30、 will be asmuch influenced by the as by the latter.A . resentment.formalB . company . .formerC . hatred.formalD . virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴,former前者（的）;C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的；D.virtue 美德,former 前者（的）。根据Be as

31、 careful of the booksyou read可知,第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴”；根据“the latter”可知，第二空将前者和后 者进行比照，所以选前者，应选B。54、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool18and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A . fortuneB . hardshipsC . prideD . k

32、indness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称呼 她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境,艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线 词所指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。55、The football always reminds me of my mistake i

33、n that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A . sceneB . sceneryC . controlD . sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制；D. sight 视力。根据 “The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match”可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。outof sight “看不见，在视野 之

34、外”。应选Do56、A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A . complexityB . collapseC . convenienceD . correction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B. collapse倒闭； C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused指经济不景气导致小企业19考查名词词义辨析。句意：欢迎所有申请，但有潜水资格者优

35、先。A. waist腰部；B. qualifications资格；C.salary薪水;D. leisure休闲。根据前文“All applications welcome可知,此处指有潜水资格的人。应选B项。4、Xingyi is one of the most beautiful in Guizhou.A . citiesB . cityC . snackD . snacks答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴义是贵州最美丽的城市之一。city ：城市；snack ：小吃。根据one of +名词复数, 排除B, C,再由句意选择A。5、His primary concern is n

36、ot with his own, but he focuses on how much more he can help others, revealing （展现）a fine character.A . independenceB . mannerC . entertainmentD . welfare答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最关心的不是自己的幸福，而是他能帮助别人多少，展现出他的优秀品质。A. independence 独立；B. manner 方式，举止；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. welfare 福祉，福利。根据 help others和u reve

37、aling a fine character可知，他最关心的不是他自己的幸福。应选D。6S This morning, Jenny was praised by our English teacher because of her good in the Englishcompetition.A . performB . performingC . performedD . performance答案：D解析：考查名词词性转换。句意：今天早晨，詹妮被英语老师表扬了，因为她在这次英语竞赛中的良好表现。分析可2倒闭，应用collapse。应选B。57、We can see monuments he

38、re and there. Those who have made great to human beings and societywill never be forgotten.A conclusionsB . attractionsC . contributionsD . achievements答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以看到到处都是纪念碑。那些对人类和社会做出过重大贡献的人将永远不会 被忘记。A.conclusions 结论；B.attractions 吸弓I力；C.contributions 贡献；D.achievements 成就。结合句意， 此处是短语：mak

39、e great contributions to,意为“对做出重大贡献”。应选C。58、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A . mapB . advertiseC . informationD . advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C. information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后looking for rock musicians可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇 滚音乐家，不定冠词a

40、n后需接名词advertisement。应选D。59、 Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A . medicalB . visualC . firstD . band答案：B解析：20 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D. band乐队。根据Primary school teachers ”可知，小学老

41、师需 要使用视觉教具。应选Bo60、You shouldn, t have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A . apologyB . favourC . debtD . attempt解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱；C debt债务；D. attempt试图。根据uso rude to your friend可知，此处应该是因为对朋友的 不礼貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。61、Because of the tight and

42、 heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of theirlunch break to finish homework.A . scheduleB . investigationC . performanceD . impression答案：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A.schedule 日程安排;B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression 印象。根据heavy workload of G

43、rade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。62、Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many answered the call.A . ancestorsB . applicantsC . operatorsD . boarders解析:21考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B. applicants 申请人，求职者；C. operators 操作员；D. boarders 寄宿者。根据上文Having read the

44、 advertisement for the qualified employees可知此处指求职者应征，应用 applicantso 应选 BoHow to raise the awareness of environmental protection has become one of the most important tobe discussed next meeting.A . errorsB . performancesC . issuesD . behaviors答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误

45、；B. performances表演；C. issues问题,重要议题；D. behaviors行为。根据句意和句中How to raise the awareness of environmental protectionn可知，“如何提高环保意识”应该是会议上要讨论的问题，“issue” 意为“问题，重要议题”，符合语境，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最之一”，故 空格处用“issue”的复数形式“issues”。应选C项。63、 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the enviro

46、nment.A . attemptB . stuffC . depthD . disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示“力图、试图”符合句意。应选A 项。65、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased ofand support for teachi

47、ng among the public and nation.A . realizations . professionC . recognitionD . acquisition22答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization 实现；B.profession 专业；C.recognition 成认,认可；D.acquisition（知识、技能等的）获得。根据 “are willing to ”可知，人们愿意说明大家认可。应选Co66、 The company presented him with a g

48、old watch in of his 20 years of good service.A . achievementB . appreciationC . attentionD . agreement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就； B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意；D.agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年,给他一块表以示 感谢。应选Bo67、From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.A . amusementB . advertisementC . manuscriptD . assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看