高中英语语法学习之名词解题技巧总结.docx

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1、高中英语语法学习之名词解题技巧总结单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）1、 There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A girIB . girlsC . girl sD . girls,答案：C解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后“bedroom” 可知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示“小女孩的卧室”，根据句中“She”可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除 B和D,单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加s，故空格处应填girl s，意为“女孩的。应

2、选C项。2、There are many in your homework, so you d better correct them before you hand it in .A . baseB . errorsC . behaviourD . bad答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。Abase根基，基础；B.errors 错误；C. behaviour 行为；D. bad 坏人，坏事。根据 so you1 d better correct them ” 可知,作业中有 错误。应选Bo3、Only a（n）of people are

3、interested in that political issue.A . flockB . amountC . handfulD . bagful答案：C解析： 考查固定短语。句意：只有少数人对那个政治问题感兴趣。A. flock （鸟或羊等动物）群，一大群人；B.27、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释

4、）A . fortuneB . hardshipsC . prideD . kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称呼 她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境，艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文 “she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线 词所指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。28、Mr. W

5、ang was a man of before he turned.A . success, a writerB . a success, writerC . success, writerD . a success, a money答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：王先生在成为作家之前是个成功人士。success成功，不可数名词。假设作可数名词，抽 象名词具体化，表示“一个成功的人或事情”。此处前面已经有a,故of后面不用冠词a。a man of success 一个成功的人。turn为系动词，后面接名词作表语，turn whter成为作家，不用冠词，表示概念。应选C项。29、He is a

6、 wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.A . componentB . committeeC . communityD . companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.10 committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文 “He” 及后文 “we can talk for hours on end”可知，此处指“同伴；伙伴”。应选D项。30、You should have asked

7、for your parents* before you go out for a whole night.A . permissionB . excitementC . admissionD . encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B. excitement激动； C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后 u before you go out for a whole night.可知,因为要 外出待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母

8、的许可。应选A。31、It was a great for Alice to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.A . functionB . requestC . processD . honour答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣幸。A. function功能；B. request 请求；C. process 过程；D. honour 荣幸。根据 be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists可知， 对爱丽

9、丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。应选DoPrimary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A . medicalB . visualC . firstD . band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D. band乐队。根据Primary school teachers ”可知，小学老师需11要使用视觉教具。应选B

10、。32、 During the department stores annual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A . engagementB . promotionC . interaction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定； B. promotion促销活动；C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.可知，因为所有的衣服 半价销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。34、During

11、the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.A . permissionB . effortC . exceptionD . access答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身份 证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B. effort努力；C. exception例外；D. a

12、ccess通道。根据句意和句 中“all patients and their families”可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属，无一例外，“exception”意为“例外”，名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。应选C项。35、If the temperature is below 0, water will turn into in the open air.A . iceB . steamC . fogD . rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于0摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C. fog雾；12D.

13、 rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。度，水就会结冰。应选A。36、I hope my teacher will take into the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she mypaper.A . account; marksB . count; marksC . account; markedD . count; marked答案：A解析：考查固定短语和时态。句意：当老师在批改我的试卷时，我希望她会把我考前生病了这个事实考虑在内。 account账户，解释，表达；count计算，总数。take sth into a

14、ccount考虑到，顾及，是固定短语；根据“my teacher will take into”使用的一般将来时可知，when弓|导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，应选A项。37、 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A . attemptB . stuffC . depthD . disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思

15、可知用in an attempt表示“力图、试图”符合句意。应选A 项。38、Seeing the happy of children playing in the park, T m full of joy and confidence in the future of ourtravel agency.A . sightB . viewC . sceneryD . scene答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场景，我对我们旅行社的未来充满了喜悦和信心。13A.sight 景象；B.view 看法；C.scenery 风景；D. scene 场景。根据句意分析

16、,children playing in the park 表 “孩子们在公园里玩耍”，是一个动态情况，用scene符合语意。应选D项。39、The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A . achievementB . appreciationC . attentionD . agreement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意；D.agr

17、eement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年,给他一块表以示 感谢。应选Bo40、 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A . balanceB . examinationC . distinctionD . conclusion答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B. examination检查；C.distinction 区分；D. conclusion 结论。根据后文 ubetween humans and other animals” 指区分

18、人类和其它动物, 应用 distinctiorio 应选 Co41、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school, but she needs to ask for her parenf s.A . movementB . professionC . destinationD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement运动；14B.profession职业；C.destination目的地；D.

19、permission准许。结合句意可知,permission “准许”符合题意, 应选择D项。42、A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A . dolphinB . dinosaurC . posterD . insect答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚；B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报;D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知

20、，这是一种昆虫。应选D。43、Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from.A destinationB . extinctionC . exhibitionD . institution解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。A.destination 目的地；B. extinction 灭绝；C. exhibition 展览；D. institution 机构。根据前文 protect them from

21、 等 句意可知，此处指保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。应选B项。44、 Jenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now , singing in the choir provides from what she calls the “ gray days” .A . realityB . reliefC . missionD . fault15 考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。A.reality现实；B.relie

22、f减轻，解除；emission任务；D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知, 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。应选B项。45、The earth is the planet provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so if s our duty toprotect it.A . whichB . whereC . whatD . in which答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切新鲜的空气，干净的水的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet为

23、先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。46、 According to the result of a recent study published by Cambridge University, such as stubbornness and shyness, have a major impact on learning.A . featuresB . personalitiesC . memoriesD . appearances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据剑桥大学最近发表的一项研究结果，性格，例

24、如固执和害羞对学习有重大影响。A. feature 特征；B. personality 性格，气质；C. memory 回忆；D. appearance 夕卜表。空后 such as stubbornness and shyness表示“例如固执和害羞”，都是在对人的性格进行举例,故空处需填名词personalities表示“性 格”。应选B项。47、From the Tokyo Olympics to the 14th National Games, outstanding performances from Chinas athletes show the countrys drive f

25、or a sports powerhouse in and innovation.A . expectationB . passionC . mysteryD . imagination16答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从东京奥运会到第十四届全运会，中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激 情和创新精神。A.expectation 期待；B.passion 激情；C.mystery 谜；D.imagination 想象力。根据show the countrys drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation可知，句子表示“中国运发动的

26、出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激情和创新精神”，因此空格处意为“激情”，是passion,应选B。48、Students study at their own and the teachers seldom set tests.A . netB . outlineC . contestD . pace答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生按照自己的节奏学习，老师很少设置考试。A.net网；B.outline大纲； C.contest比赛；D.pace速度，节奏。根据后半句老师很少设置考试，可推断前面学生都是按照自己的节奏学 习，应选D。49、You didn1 t do anything w

27、rong-you should have a clear.A . costumeB . corporationC . contestD . conscience答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据You didn t do anything wrong n可知，你没有做错任何事 你应该问心无愧。应选D项。50、If s wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave

28、 too badly in public.A . situationB . employmentC . professionD . position17答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在政府中处于如此高位的人在公共场合表现得太糟糕是错误的。A. situation形势；employment 雇佣；C. profession 职业，专业；D. position 位置。根据空后in the government to behave too badly in public.可知，空处需用名词position,表示在政府中处于如此高位的人在公众场合表现糟糕是错 误的。应选Do51、 I lik

29、e the style of his writing but I don t like the.A . confidenceB . flightC . contentD . track答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢他的写作风格，但不喜欢内容。A.confidence自信心；B.flight航班； C.content内容；D.track轨迹。根据句意以及转折关系可知，跟写作方面有关的就是写作的风格和内容。应选 Co52、Children s over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top of modern paren

30、ts.A . benefitsB . concernsC . responsesD . functions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一。A. benefits好处；B. concerns 担忧的事；C. responses 反响；D. functions 功能。根据上文 “Children s over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top可知指孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一， 应用concerno应选B。53、Some department st

31、ores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on the18product.A . packagingB . expirationC . composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外包装；B.expiration 至ij期;C. composition 作文。根据offer a 20% discount on food products可知，食品到期之前百 货公司才会打折，expiration date ”(食物

32、的)有效期”。应选B。54、Jay Leno, the host of the Tonight show, once said that every new challenge put all the resources of the host to the test, and most solutions belonged to the.A . accidentB . customC . eventD . occasion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jay Leno曾经说过，每一次挑战都在测试主持人的资源，大多数的解决方法都属于 偶然。A. accident偶然；B. custom

33、风俗；C.event工程，大事件；D. occasion场合。根据句意分析可知，此处 表示“解决方式属于偶然”，表达为accident。应选A。55、The second he heard the news, a(n) of surprise appeared on his face.A . attentionB . expressionC . impressionD . appearance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一听到这个消息，脸上就露出惊讶的表情。A.attention注意力；B. expression表 情；C.impression印象；D. appearance出现。

34、根据“ appeared on his face.可知，脸上露出惊讶的表情。应选B项。19 amount数量；C. handful 一把；少数,少量；D. bagful满口袋。a handful of少量的,一小局部。根据空前的“only”可知只有少数的人对政治感兴趣。应选Co4、He received an for the role he played.A . awardB . permissionC . strengthD . debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖；B.permission许可；C.strength优点； D.debt债。根

35、据ufor the role he played.可知，他因角色获奖了，应选A。小提示：5、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A . assumption; apply toB . thought; apply toC . assuming; apply forD . idea; apply for答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用；B. thought

36、 想法；apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 申 请；D. idea想法；apply for申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词assumption “认为”作宾语，that引导的同位 语从句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示“适用”为固定短语applyto。应选A。6、Through that window of the souln , the eye, I can only “see” through my fingertips the of a face.A . criticismB . outlineC . gentlenessD . pace答案：

37、B56、Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.A acquisitionB . identificationC . certificateD . qualification答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就去领取结婚证，这是不明智的。A.acquisition 习得；B. identification 识另ij ； C. certificate 证明；D. qualificatio

38、n 资格。结合句意和句中 “which is not sensible可推知,Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就结婚领证,是不明智的行为。名词词组marriage certificate意为“结婚证书”，符合句意。应选C项。57、The police ordered him not to leave the city without.A . atmosphereB . baconC . curiosityD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B. bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好

39、奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座 城市，permission符合句意。应选D项。58、Anyway, whether they like it or not, they do give people a very good.A . impressionB . impressC . impressiveD . impressed答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：不管怎样，不管他们喜欢与否，他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。A.impression印象；B.impress留下深刻印象；C.impressive令人印象

40、深刻的；D.impressed印象深刻的。ua very good后跟名词的单数形式，因此空格处是“impression” ，应选A。2059、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmedcases.A . relaxationB . disappointmentC . reliefD . surprise答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A. relaxation

41、 放松；B. disappointment 失望；C. relief 解脱、宽慰；D. surprise 惊讶。结合 “no one else was infected with the coronavirus可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。应选C项。60、The US said it was ready to join the between the six countries and Iran.A . translationB . determinationC . definitionD . negotiation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好

42、参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A. translation翻译；B. determination 决心；C. definition 定义；D. negotiation 谈判。根据between the six countries and Iran,可知, 此处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。应选D。61、The of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, theSunday Parade of Citizens, and so on.A collectionsB . a

43、ttractionsC . relationsD . occasions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个城市的吸引人之处有很多，比方它的主题公园、大型露天水幕电影、周日市民 游行等等。A. collections 收集；B. attractions 吸引；C. relations 关系；D. occasions 场合。根据后文 “of this21 city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, the Sunday Parade of Citizens, and so o

44、nn可知此处指这个城市的吸弓I人之处，应用collections。应选B。62、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final of the game, because it is essential for them to gointo the next round.A . outcomeB . outlineC . comebackD . cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运发动们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。A.outcome结果；B. outline概述；C. comeback重返

45、；D.cooperation合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。应选 Ao63、The only way to improve is through hard work and strong.A . confirmationB . registrationC perseveranceD . significance答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：进步的唯一途径是通过努力和坚强的毅力。A. confirmation确认，证实；B. registration登记，注册；C perseverance毅力；D significance重要性。根据句意及常识可知,只有通过努力 和坚定的毅力才能取得进步。

46、应选C。64、 Life is full of, so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.A choicesB . candlesC . colorsD . competitions答案：A22 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选择。A. choices 选择；B. candles 蜡烛；C. colors 颜色；D. competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must think clearly about how to make the

47、m before deciding可推断，此处指生活中充满了 “选择”，所以才需要在做出决定之前 仔细地考虑清楚要如何选择。应选A项。65、We have entered into age humans are concerned about animal welfare.A . thatB . whenC . whichD . while答案：B解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了关心动物福利的时代。先行词age,后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从 句中作时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句。应选B项。66、High-speed trains are seen as one of the new

48、Four Great of China.A AgreementsB . EnvironmentsC . InstrumentsD . Achievements答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：高速列车被认为是中国新的四大创造之一。A. Agreements同意；B. Environments 环境；C. Instruments 仪器，工具;D. Achievements 成就。The Four Great Achievements 为固定用法,意为“四大创造”。应选D项。67、In our mind, Professor Wang is a learned and kind man, so we showed our for him.A . attentionB . respectC . struggleD . request答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。23A.attention 注意；B. r