2023初高英语衔接讲义第12讲-英语基本句式(学生版+解析版).docx
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1、第12讲英语基本句式英语句型按功能分,可以分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;假设按结构分,可以分为:简单句、并 列句和复合句。按功能分:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句一、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法陈述句:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否认)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.陈述句否认式的构成如果肯定陈述句的谓语局部含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,那么只需在这些动词后加not即可构成 否认式。He is playing the guitar.(肯定)他在弹吉他。He is not p
2、laying the guitar.(否认)他不在弹吉他。We can get there before dark(肯定)我们能在天黑前到那儿。We cant get thee before dark(否认)我们不能在天黑前到那儿。如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,那么需根据人称和时态在该实义 动词前加dontdoesrft或didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。He plays the violin well.(肯定)他拉小提琴拉得好。He doesn*t play the violin well(否认)他拉小提请不算好。She won the game.(肯定
3、)她赢了比赛。She didrft win the game.(否认)她输了 比赛。(3)如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了 be利have之后加not之外,句中如果有some 要变为any。如:There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup-He has some books. He has not any books.(4)除not以外,否认词no,never, nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否认句。如:There is something wrong with h
4、is bike.There is nothing wrong with his bike-I have seen the film.1 have never seen the film.二、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号朗读A.is thereB isnt thereC. is itD.isnt it11.long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.A.WhatB. What aC. HowD.How a12.Are you going to borrow a dicti
5、onary or a magazine?A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionaryD.Yes, both13.is it from the Childrens Palace to the Railway Station, Tom?About 10 minutes ride by bus.A. How soonB. How longC.How farD.How much14. John isnt a football coach, is he?A.No, but he was B. Yes, he isntC.Yes, he wa
6、sntD.No, he is15.I dont think he will come on time,A.do IB. dont IC.doesnt heD.will he16.-Jane wasnt in when Jack came, was she?,but she returned a few minutes later.A. No, she wasB. No, she wasntC. Yes, she wasD. Yes, she wasnt.17.have you been in Beijing?For five years.A. How manyB . How soonC. Ho
7、w long10.10.There is no water or air on the moon,二、句型转换(对划线局部提问)(对划线局部提问)18. Mr. Black has been in China for six years.has Mr. Black been in China?19. Both of us do the dishes every day.(改为否认句)us does the dishes every day.20. Jack has already finished reading the book.(改为否认句)JackJackreading the book
8、 yet.21. Jenny read her first Chinese book on her sixth birthday.(画线局部提问)Jenny read her first Chinese book?22. I am interested in writing.(改为否认句)I interested in writing.23. His grandparents live in Shanghai.(对划线局部提问)his grandparents live?24. There are some apples in the basket.(改为否认句)There apples in
9、 the basket.25. . We will turn off the lights for an hour on Earth Day.(对划线局部提问)you turn off the lights for an hour?26. She has bought a new TV for her mother.(变为一般疑问句) she a new TV for her mother?三、完成句子.你当时没有想到你儿子也许知道这个秘密了吗?Didnt it to you that your son might be of the secret?27. 不要担忧,他会准时到达这里。(完成译
10、句). He will arrive here on time.28. 不要熬夜,否那么你会在课上打瞌睡Dont, or you will feel sleepy in class.29. 当你阅读时,不要查阅每个生词。(look)Don*t every word you don*t know while you are reading.能力提升Textl(2022.河北.邢台市第二中学高一开学考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。My husband and I were watering 1 (flower) in the yard when an old
11、 man passing by 2(stop) to talk with us. He asked us to guess his age and I thought he was 75 years old. However, that was3 (obvious) wrong. He was actually 94! He said he couldnt find people to talk to. I invited him to sit on our bench. I asked him 4 was the secret to his longevity (长寿).He told me
12、 that he had been a rich lawyer before retirement but he wanted a 5 (peace) mind. Then someone advised him that he should try to help others to have peace of mind.Then, the new friend made a 6 (contribute) to charity. He gave away all his pension (退休金).He said he lived with his son and didnt need th
13、e money. He enjoyed 7 (talk) and accepted my offer of some desserts (甜点).After a few minutes, the desserts for his son 8 (pack) too and he gave me a silk scarf as9 gift. I am grateful for this chance, which makes me know that if you want peace of mind, do be helpful to others. This chance also remin
14、ded me 10 a valuable idea: To practice peace!Test 2(2022.黑龙江.双鸭山一中高一开学考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。An American game that has traveled well is basketball. 11 is now played by more than 250 million people worldwide in an 12 (organize) way, as well as by countless others in informal games. Baske
15、tball began in 1891, when a minister, 13 (call) James Naismith, was asked to teach a class of young men in Springfield, Massachusetts.The class was known 14 being difficult to teach and Naismith was told to invent a new game15 (keep) the young men busy. Then it was winter and very cold outside. It n
16、eeded to be a game that could be played indoors.Naismith 16 (think) back to his childhood in Canada where he and his friends had played a game which had involved (需要)trying to hit 17 big stone off a rock with smaller stones. He also remembered18 (watch) rugby players throw a ball into a box or fruit
17、 basket 19 had been raised up. Naismith made up the 20(rule) for the game in less than an hour. Most of them still apply in some form today.Test 3(2022.黑龙江.哈师大附中高一开学考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。Chinas online food delivery platform Ele.me has carried out a new service of picking up garbage fro
18、m its users in Shanghai 21 July 2019.The service comes after 22 recently-released regulation on waste management in Shanghai. Individuals 23 throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and 24 (organize) can face fines up to 5,000 yuan.The trash taking ser
19、vice requires residents to sort 25 (they) own garbage before it 26 (pick) up by workers from Ele.me, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins.Its obvious that this service is 27 (convenience) to the old, especially to the disabled customers. _However, many netizens on Sin
20、a Weibo dont think Ele.me is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants 28 (make) money. They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. 29. many more peopledoubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing 30 the trash.Test 4(2022.黑龙江,哈师大附中高一开学考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。A
21、msterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles (机动车)from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets. The Netherlands 31(make) great efforts to protect the environment sincethe 90s.The Clean Air Action Plan, 32 is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is
22、the newest measure. The new policy is important because air pollution in the Netherlands is above European standards,33 (cause) risks for respiratory (呼吸的)illnesses. nPollution is often a silent 34 (kill)said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible 35 the citys traffic.The city will stop using gas ve
23、hicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles. Charging stations 36 (offer) to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will 37(probable) be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars. In Netherland, 30percent of commuter (通勤者) travel by bike.
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