高中英语语法学习之名词基础知识点归纳总结.docx

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1、高中英语语法学习之名词基础知识点归纳总结单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）L Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A . more than twiceB . twice as many asC . as twice as manyD . more than twice as many答案：D解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：美国人现在吃的蔬菜是他们在1910年吃的蔬菜的2倍多。根据句子结构和意思可知, 这里考查倍数表达法，倍数要放在比拟结构as+adj.+n.+as的前面，被修饰的名词vegeta

2、bles是可数名词复数 形式，所以用many, “2倍多”用more than twice表达。应选D。2、We are very to meet you here again.A . pleasantB . pleasedC . pleasingD . pleasure答案：B解析：考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴在这里再次见到你。A. pleasant （物）令人愉快的、（人）友好 的；B. pleased （人）感到高兴或满意；C. pleasing （物）令人愉悦的；D. pleasure快乐。此处说明主语We的 状态，用修饰形容人的pleased符合句意。应选B项。3、 W

3、e arrived at our.tired and hungry.A . destinationB . descriptionC . wisdomD . architect答案：A 解析:合,scenery 风景；C.confusion 混淆scene 场景；D.confusion 混淆,scenery 风景。由 Cosplay 和 costume creation and role-playing 可知，Cosplay 是 costume creation and role-playing 的混合,因此第一空是 mix ；由 at Comic-Con, the annual pop cul

4、ture exposition in San Diego可知，它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展 （Comic-Con）的重要组成局部，动漫展是一个场景，因此第二空是scene, scenery指的是自然风景，应选A。28、To his parents , their son always makes them at his study.A . disappointment; disappointedB . disappointed; disappointingC . disappointing; disappointedD . disappointing; disappointment答案

5、：A解析：考查名词和形容词。句意：令他父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是让他们对他的学习感到失望。“toond s disappointment意为“令某人失望的是”，为固定搭配,此处用名词disappointment表示“失望”作介词to 的宾语。ube disappointed atn意为“对感到失望”，为固定搭配,形容词disappointed意为“感到失望 的”，说明人的性质状态，此处作宾语them的宾语补足语；形容词disappointing （令人失望的）说明事物的性 质状态。应选A。29、No, no injuries.A . deadB . deathC . deathsD . dy

6、ing答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：没有人员伤亡。A. dead死的；B. death死亡；C. deaths死亡（复数）；D. dying临死的。分析句子可知，小。”为形容词，意为“（一个也）没有”，后接名词，“death”意为“死亡”，为可数名 词，根据句中“injuries”可知，空格处应用“death”的复数形式“deaths”。应选C项。30、Study shows that there is strong between physical punishment and the IQ.10A . connectionB . conditionC . organizationD . c

7、ooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究说明体罚和智商之间有很强的关联。A. connection关联，关系；B. condition 条件,状况；C. organization组织；D. cooperation合作。结合句意可知,此处指研究说明两者之间有“关 联”。应选A项。31、The country was thrown into by the President s sudden death.A . chorusB . chaosC . circleD . claim答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus

8、合唱队，歌舞队；B. chaos混乱，混沌；C. circle圆圈，周期；D. claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常 是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。应选B项。32、 Malala Yousafzai, a(n)of women, s rights, became a victim of terrorist attack.A . inventorB . competitorC . advocateD . composer答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：女权倡导者Malala Yousafzai成为恐怖袭击的受害者。A. inventor创造者；B. compe

9、titor 竞争者；C. advocate 拥护者，倡导者；D. composer 创作者。根据 “became a victim of terrorist attack.可知，Malala Yousafzai是女权的倡导者。应选C。33、Visitors are not permitted anything without.A . touching; permitB . to touch; permition11C . to touch; permissionD . touching; allowance答案：C解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示“被允

10、许做某事”可知,短语为 be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示“未经允许”，应用名词permission,作介词的宾语。应选C。34、The signing of this agreement will ease the international, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.A . tensionB . regulationC . processD . affection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tensio

11、n 紧张；B. regulation 规那么；C. process 过程；D. affection 喜欢。根据下文 “which might bring an end to conflicts between countries可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。35、Adam wants to keep writing novels but he has too much homework. He has difficulty finding a between his hobbies and his study.A . balanceB . possibilityC . rel

12、ationshipD . suggestion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚当想继续写小说，但他的作业太多了。他很难在爱好和学习之间找到平衡。A. balance 平衡；B. possibility 可能性；C. relationship 关系；D. suggestion 建议。根据 his hobbies和 his study可知，此处表示在爱好和学习之间找到平衡。应选A。36、 In the past few years, we ve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international.12A . consider

13、ationB . standardC . rewardD . recognition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我们看到中国科幻作家的作品赢得了国际奖项。A. consideration 考虑；B. standard标准；C. reward奖励，奖项；D.recognition识别。由语意可知作品赢得了国际奖项。应选C 项。37、Will it suit your that we meet at 7.00 o clock this evening?A . satisfactionB . appointmentC . delightD . convenience答案：D

14、解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们今晚7点见面，你看方便吗?A.satisfaction满意；B.appointment约会，预约， 约定；C.delight高兴；D.convenience方便。分析可知,名词convenience符合句意，作动词suit的宾语。故 选D项。38、Please mind your in public.A behaviorB . reflectionC . creativityD . sculpture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合请注意你的举止。A. behavior行为，举止；B. reflection深思；C. creativity创造力

15、；D. sculpture雕塑。由空后in public和句意可知，此处需用名词behavior,表示在公共场合 注意举止。应选A。39、 r d love to, but I have a(an)with my doctor.A . appointmentB . certificateC . sympathyD . basement13答案:A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想去，但是我和我的医生有约。A. appointment约会；预约；B. certificate iiE 明；证明书；C. sympathy同情；D. basement地下室。根据后文“my doctor（我的医生）

16、”可知，“我”应是与 医生约好了。 “have an appointment with sb.，固定短语，”与某人有约定（预约）”。应选A项。40、You ve got to start the to get the car going.A . investigationB . engineC . struggleD . performance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须启动发动机才能使汽车开动。A.investigation调查；B.engine发动机； C.struggle斗争；D.performance表现。根据句意表示使汽车开动，可知应填入发动机。应选B。41、Alth

17、ough my new cellphone has many it doesn5 t well.A . functions, functionB . function, functionsC . functions, functionsD . functionjunction答案：A解析：考查名词复数和助动词用法。句意：虽然我的新手机有很多功能，但运行不太好。function作名词意为“功 能”，为可数名词，在many后应用复数形式。function作动词意为“运行”，在助动词d。或does后应用原 形。应选A。42、 Everyone has the right to be treated

18、with.A . replyB . reviewC . respectD . range14答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都有被尊敬对待的权利。A.reply答复；B. review复习；C. respect尊敬；D. range范围。分析可知空格处的词和with构成固定短语，做状语。根据句意C项符合语境。应选C。_43、Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of and poor harvests.A . juniorsB . magnitudeC . droughtD . request答案：

19、C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于干旱和歉收，数百万人正遭受饥饿之苦。A. juniors青少年；B. magnitude巨大； C. drought干旱；D. request要求。根据后文“and poor harvests”可知，因为干旱和歉收，所以数百万人正遭 受饥饿之苦。应选CoJ.K. Rowling, the of Harry Potter, has gone through many difficulties in her writing.A . carB . hintC . posterD . author答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利波特的作者J.K罗琳在写作中

20、经历了许多困难。A.car汽车；B. hint暗示； C poster海报;D. author作者。根据句意和常识可知，JK Rowling是哈利波特的作者，用名词author, 意为“作者”。应选D项。44、 “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire! the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice.A . angerB . confusionC . regretD . panic答案：D15解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“汤米，快跑!快点!房子着火了!”母亲喊道，声音里明显流露出恐慌。A.anger

21、愤 怒，生气；B.confusion困惑；C. reg ret后悔，遗憾；D.panic惊慌，恐慌。根据The house is on fire!可知他母亲 是恐慌地大喊。应选D项。小提示：45、 You can1 t take photos without her.A . adventureB . faultC . patienceD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险;B.fault过错；C.patience耐心； D.permission允许。由uYou can t take photos without he

22、r可知，句子意为“没有她的允许你不能拍照”， 因此空格处为“允许”，应选D。47、The little girl shows a great for music.A . careerB . talentC . connectionD . power答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩展示出了在音乐方面的天赋。A. career职业；B. talent天赋；C. connection联系；D. power权利。show/have a talen for“在某方面有天赋”为固定短语，符合句意。应选 B项。48、When kids are struggling with subjects

23、 like reading or math, schools may provide teaching, a specific program to address academic needs.A comparisonB . accumulationC . interventionD . conservation16答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一个 针对学业需求的特定工程 o A. comparison 比照；B. accumulation 积累；C. intervention 干预；D. conservatio

24、n 保护。由 “When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math” 可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或 数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，空格处意为“干预”，应选C。49、The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water.A . accessB . passageC . wayD . approach答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。Aacces

25、s接触； B.passage通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据access to （使用的机会）可知空格处填access。故 选Ao50、I failed in my to persuade her to go with me.A . attemptB . attackC . thrillD . border答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图说服她和我一起去，但失败了。A. attempt试图；B. attack攻击；C. thrill激 动；D. border边界。in one1 s attempt to do sth.试图做某事。根据11 failed可知,是试

26、图说服，但失败。故 选Ao51、What a! I wasn1 t expecting to see you here.A classicB . characteristicC . certificateD . coincidence17答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典，典范；B. characteristic特色； C. certificate 证书；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文 “I wasn, t expecting to see you here.” 可知遇见是巧合， 应用 coincidenceo 应选

27、D。52、She s battling with her over whether to tell the police what she saw.A . complaintB . consequenceC . conscienceD . composition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在与良心作斗争，不知道是否要把她所看到的告诉警察。A. complaint 抱怨； B. consequence 结果；C. conscience 良/匕、；D. composition 成分。 根据 whether to tell the police what she saw.”可知，她的内心

28、在与良心作斗争。应选C。53、Hangzhou is such an city that it often makes a strong on visitors and its sights never fail toattract foreign tourists.A . impressed, impressionB . impressing , impressionC . impressive, impressD . impressive, impression答案：D解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市，它经常给游客留下深刻的印象，它的风景总是吸 引着外国游客。第一

29、个空要填形容词在句中做定语，修饰city。impressive ”令人难忘的”，可以用于人，也可 以用于物一 ing形式形容词，一般用来修饰物体一 ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人。impressing一般不作形容 词用。make an impression on给留下印象。应选D。1854、With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the for watching television, which makesTV a decoration of the house.A . analysisB . appetiteC .

30、 incidentD . appreciation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的一 种装饰。A. analysis 分析；B. appetite 兴趣,欲望；C. incident 事件；D. appreciation 欣赏。根据 which makes TV a decoration of the house可知，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣,appetite符合题意。应选B。55、一 Whats the common of dealing with youth crime in your area?Generall

31、y, education comes first.A . processB . procedureC . performanceD . practice答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你们那里处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法是什么？通常，教育为先。process过程；procedure程序，步骤；performance表现；practice惯常做的事,习惯，习俗,通常的做法。根据下文“education comes first”可知，此处询问处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法。应选D。56、Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgica

32、l operations are likely to be carried outacross long distances.A . occupationB . applicationC . qualificationD . composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A.19 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们到达了目的地，又累又饿。A. destination目的地；B. description描述，说明； C wisdom智慧；D. architect建筑师。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查名词作宾语，需要“

33、目的地”的意 思。应选A。4、请选出与释义“能力”匹配的单词。A . confidenceB . competitionC . competenceD . convenience答案：C解析：考查词汇意思。A. confidence 信心；B. competition 竞争；C. competence 能力；D. convenience 便利。应选 Co5、Kens father is an athlete, and Ken has the similar for sports.A . enthusiasmB . sustainabilityC . extent答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。

34、句意：肯的父亲是一名运发动，而肯对体育运动也有相似的热情。A. enthusiasm热情； B.sustainability持续性；Cextent程度。根据上文的similar可推断,肯对运动有相似的热情。应选A。小提示：6、If we had taken such effective much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.A . treasuresB . effortsC . measuresD . concerns答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们早采取这么有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染的这

35、么严重了。A. treasures occupation 职业，占领；B. application 运用；C. qualification 资格，授权；D. composition 作文。根据句子结 构和意思可知，这里需要的是“5G技术的广泛运用”的意思，考查“运用”对应的名词，在句子中做介词短 语“Due的宾语。应选B。57、His hard work made him very successful in his job.A . NP AdjpB . NP AdvpC . Adjp NPD . NP NP答案：C解析：考查句子结构中词性构成类型。句意：他的努力工作使他在工作上非常成功。第一

36、个划线局部very successful 是形容词短语，英文缩写是Adjp,副词very修饰形容词successful,该短语在句中作宾语补足语。第二个划 线局部his job.是一个名词短语，英文缩写是NP,该短语作介词in的宾语。应选C。58、We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A . gainB . awardC . opportunityD . impact答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金； C opportunity机

37、会；D impact影响。根据句意,空处需填名词impact,表示“影响”。应选D项。59、 The to success is to make good use of the chance to education.A . accessB . fountainC . potentialD . document答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的途径是充分利用受教育的机会。A. access通路、入径；B. fountain喷泉；C. potential潜力；D. document文件。the access的途径）符合句意。应选A项。2060、With only five minute

38、s left from the end, the of the close match was still in doubt.A . cooperationB . opponentC . outcomeD . outline答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：距离比赛结束只有5分钟了，这场势均力敌的比赛结果仍不明朗。A. cooperation 合作；B. opponent对手；C. outcome结果；outline轮廓；大纲。根据语境可知，比赛快结束了，但是因为两 队势均力敌，所以不明确的是比赛的“结果”。应选C。61、As expected, the boy who shows gre

39、at in playing badminton has been admitted to the sportuniversity for his talent.A . requirementB . respectC . additionD . promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A. requirement要求；B. respect尊重；C. addition增加；D. promise希望,可能性。根据句意,此处表达“那个 男孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性”。应选D项。62、 He is under gr

40、eat because of his new job.A . stressB . strengthC . streamD . push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C. stream小河； D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可知A符合语境，应选A。63、It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.21A . detailB . magnitudeC . honourD . marat

41、hon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选Bo64、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A . frightenedB . lovelyC . pressureD . unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C.

42、 pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组，表示“承受压力”。应选C项。65、Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.A . portsB . shoresC . shadesD . stairs答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高以他的向日葵而闻名，这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A. ports港口 ； B. sh

43、ores海岸；C. shades深浅，阴影；D. stairs台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three指用三种深浅不 同的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。66、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderful he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A . associationB . functionC

44、 . satisfactionD . impression22答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能；C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。根据后文 “he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子做了很好的描述。）”可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我

45、们留下了好的印象。应选D。to gathering information.67、We will explore a differentA . adventureB . approachC . advanceD . addition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach方 法；C.advance进步；D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：approach to sth, 的方法”，此处指收集信息的 一种不同的方法，应选B。68、Be as careful of the books you read,

46、as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be asmuch influenced by the as by the latter.A . resentment.formalB . company . . .formerC . hatred.formalD . virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴,former前者（的）；C.ha

47、tred 憎恨，formal 正式的；D.virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据 uBe as careful of the books23 you read”可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴”；根据“the latter”可知，第二空将前者和后 者进行比照，所以选“前者”，应选B。69、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adul

48、ts.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A . fortuneB . hardshipsC . prideD . kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称呼 她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境，艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文 “she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知,她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的,所以划线 词所指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。70、The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A . sce