高中英语语法学习之名词常考点.docx

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1、高中英语语法学习之名词常考点单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）1、The car factory has produced a new car of high quality; its only is that it uses a lot of petrol.A advantageB . profitC . mistakeD . drawback答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家汽车厂生产了一款高质量的新车；它唯一的缺点是耗油量大。A. advantage有 利条件，优势；B. profit利益，好处；C. mistake错误，过失；D. drawback缺点，不利条件。

2、由语意可知，新 车有一个缺点，drawback符合语境，在句子作主语。应选D项。2、Xingyi is one of the most beautiful in Guizhou.A . citiesB . cityC . snackD . snacks答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴义是贵州最美丽的城市之一。city :城市；snack :小吃。根据one of +名词复数, 排除B, C,再由句意选择Ao3、His primary concern is not with his own, but he focuses on how much more he can help othe

3、rs, revealing （展现）a fine character.A . independences . mannerC . entertainmentD . welfare答案：D解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最关心的不是自己的幸福，而是他能帮助别人多少，展现出他的优秀品质。A.解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。A. base根基，基础；B.errors 错误；C. behaviour 行为；D. bad 坏人,坏事。根据 so you1 d better correct them ” 可知，作业中有 错误。应选Bo28、 Tommy,

4、 run! Be quick! The house is on fire! the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice.A . angerB . confusionC . regretD . panic答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“汤米，快跑!快点!房子着火了!”母亲喊道，声音里明显流露出恐慌。A.anger愤 怒，生气；B.confusion困惑；C. reg ret后悔，遗憾；D.panic惊慌，恐慌。根据The house is on fire!可知他母亲 是恐慌地大喊。应选D项。小提示：29、You can t take pho

5、tos without her.A . adventureB . faultC . patienceD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险；B.fault过错；C.patience耐心；D.permission允许。由You can1 t take photos without her可知，句子意为“没有她的允许你不能拍照”， 因此空格处为“允许”，应选D。30、If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don, t express your immediate

6、ly.A regionB . rejectionC . electionD . mission答案：B10解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的朋友给你惊喜，不要立即表示拒绝。A.region地区；B.rejection拒绝，抛 弃；C.election 选举；D.mission 任务。根据 If what your friend comes up with surprises you可知，不要拒绝 朋友给你带来的惊喜。应选Bo31、They were all brave enough to take up arms in of their country.A . conflictB . d

7、efenceC . contentD . represent答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都勇敢地拿起武器保卫自己的国家。A. conflict冲突；B. defence保卫；C. content内容；D represent代表,动词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语in defence of,表示“保 卫”，应选B。32、 It was to be invited here today.A . great honourB . honouringC . a great honourD . honoured答案：C解析：考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子

8、结构可知，这是固定句型ltis/was+名词/ 形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词honour意为“荣幸” 表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因此，应该用a修 饰，即 a great honour。应选 C 项。33、I failed in my to persuade her to go with me.A . attemptB . attackC . thrillD . border答案：A11解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图说服她和我一起去，但失败了。A. att

9、empt试图；B. attack攻击；C. thrill激动；D. border边界。in one1 s attempt to do sth.试图做某事。根据ul failed可知，是试图说服，但失败。故 选Ao34、What a! I wasn, t expecting to see you here.A . classicB . characteristicC . certificateD . coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊!我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典,典范；B. characteristic特色；C. certificate 证书

10、；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文I wasn* t expecting to see you here.” 可知遇见是巧合， 应用 coincidence。应选 Do35、 It is commonly known that many old people feel pains in their bones when rises.A . humidityB . pesticideC . antibioticD . intensity答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，当湿度上升时，许多老年人感到骨头疼痛。A. humidity湿度；B. pesticide 杀虫剂；C

11、. antibiotic 抗生素；D. intensity 强度。根据前文many old people feel pains in their bones” 可知，因为“湿度”上升，会使患风湿骨痛的老人骨头疼。应选A项。36、To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their andweaknesses.A . strengthsB . benefitsC . valuesD . manners答案：A12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先必须

12、知道他们的长处和缺点。A. strengths 优点；B. benefits利益；C. values价值；D. manners礼貌。根据后文“and weaknesses”可知指优点、长处和 缺点，应用strengths。应选A。37、 It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A . gapsB . lengthC . intervalsD . distance答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为一本好词典应该定期增加新内容。A. gaps隔阂

13、，代沟；B. length长 度；C. intervals间隔，间歇;D. distance距离。结合句意表达“定期”用at regular intervalso应选Co38、Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to develop a for the rest of the century.A . concernB . signalC . strategyD . accident答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在领导层想要展望未来，为本世纪余下的时间制定策略。concern担忧，关心； signal信号,预兆；strategy策

14、略；accident意外事故。根据上文的“look forward展望”可推断，领导层想要 展望未来，制定策略。应选C。39、Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried outacross long distances.A occupationB . applicationC . qualificationD . composition答案：B 解析:13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A.

15、 occupation 职业，占领；B. application 运用；C. qualification 资格,授权；D. composition 作文。根据句子结 构和意思可知，这里需要的是“5G技术的广泛运用”的意思，考查“运用”对应的名词，在句子中做介词短 语“Due to”的宾语。应选B。40、On Thursday we went out on an business.A . tourB . voyageC . tripD . journey答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：星期四我们去出差了。A.tour观光；B.voyage航行；C. trip出差或度假等短途旅行； D.jour

16、ney不知终点的长途旅行。business trip出差、商务旅行，应选C。小提示：41、 It is quite possible to understand the meaning of a new word or phrase from the.A . contextB . accentC . senseD . character答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从上下文中理解一个新词或短语的意思是完全可能的。A. context上下文，语境；B. accent 口音；C. sense 感觉，意识；D. character 性格。根据句意和句中understand the meani

17、ng of a new word or phrasen可知,我们应该通过“上下文”理解一个新词或短语的意思，“context”意为“上下文，语 境”，符合句意。应选A项。42、 Your car is less than a year old, so it is still under.A . boundaryB . tailorC . guaranteeD . arrangement答案：C14解析: 考查固定搭配。句意：你的车使用不到一年，所以仍在保修期内。A. boundary边界；B. tailor裁剪；C. guarantee保证；担保；D. arrangement安排。分析句子并结

18、合句意可知，此处为固定搭配under guarantee, 意为“在保修期内”。应选C。43、To develop advanced technology, we must first develop in the young people.A . resourceB . opportunityC . facilityD . creativity答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：要开展先进技术，首先要培养青年人的创造力。A. resource资源；B. opportunity 机会；C. facility 设备、设施；D. creativity 创造力。根据 “To develop adv

19、anced technology” 可知，开展先进 技术首先要开展创造力。应选D项。44、 If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of our life .A . positiveB . advantageC . negativeD . disadvantage答案：C解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的；B. ad

20、vantage优势（名词）；C. negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的“we shouldnt focus too much onn可知，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选Co45、He is under great because of his new job.A . stressB . strengthC . streamD . push答案：A15解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C. stream小河； D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。

21、由此可知A符合语境，应选A。46、It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A . detailB . magnitudeC . honourD . marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级；C.honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。47、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work

22、.A . frightenedB . lovelyC . pressureD . unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力”。应选C项。48、Anyone can7 t leave school without the head teacher s.A

23、 permissionB . permitC . possibilityD . prediction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有校长的允许，任何人都不能离开学校。A.permission允许；B. permit许可证；16C.possibility可能性；D.prediction预测。without ones permission “未经许可”为固定短语，符合句意。应选A项。49、I missed the first of the play.A . sceneB . novelC . envelopeD . patience答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我错过了这出戏的第

24、一幕。A.scene场景；B.novel小说；C.envelope信封；D.网ience耐心。根据“of the play”可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕，应选A。小提示：50、We will explore a different to gathering information.A . adventureB . approachC . advanceD . addition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach方 法；C.advance进步；D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：approach t

25、o sth. ”的方法”，此处指收集信息的 一种不同的方法，应选B。51、 Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be asmuch influenced by the as by the latter.A . resentment.formalB . company . . .formerC . hatred.formalD . virtue.former答案：B17解析:考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的

26、习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴，former前者 （的）；C.hatred 憎恨，formal 正式的；D.virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据 “Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟,所以选“同伴”；根据the latter1,可知，第二空将前者和后 者进行比照，所以选“前者”，应选B。52、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth

27、, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A . fortuneB . hardshipsC . prideD . kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称呼 她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境,艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文 ushe was rejected from a preschool and

28、called horrible names, even by adults可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线 词所指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。53、The age of the students ranged from 17 to 21 with a （n）of 19.A . averageB . usualC . normalD . regular答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生的年龄从17岁到21岁不等，平均年龄为19岁。A. average平均；B. usual通 常；C normal正常；D. regular常客,主力。结合“from 17 to

29、 21”可知,此处指“平均年龄是19岁”，应选 A项。54、He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.18A . componentB . committeeC . communityD . companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B. committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文 “He” 及后文 “we can talk for hours on end”可知，此处指“

30、同伴；伙伴”。应选D项。55、 One difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the of naturalresources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A . inspectionB . exploitationC . contradictionD . exception答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自然 资源。A. inspection 检

31、查；B. exploitation 利用，开发；C. contradiction 矛盾；D. exception 例夕卜。根据语境和 后文 “of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost” 可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。56、 We would like to see closer between parents and schools.A . evolutionB . cooperationC . expectationD . rejection答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们希望家长和学校

32、之间的合作更加紧密。A. evolution进化；B. coorperation合作； C. expectation 期望；D. rejection 拒绝。根据 closer 和 between parents and schools 可知,此处表示希望家长 和学校紧密合作。应选Bo19 independence 独立；B. manner 方式，举止；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. welfare 福祉，福利。根据 help others和u revealing a fine character可知,他最关心的不是他自己的幸福。应选D。4、This morning, Jenny

33、was praised by our English teacher because of her good in the Englishcompetition.A . performB . performingC . performedD . performance答案：D解析：考查名词词性转换。句意：今天早晨，詹妮被英语老师表扬了，因为她在这次英语竞赛中的良好表现。分析可 知空格处是名词作宾语，指英语竞赛中的良好表现，故应用名词performance,此处为不可数名词。应选D项。5、We all know that is an important value and lying is wr

34、ong.A . honesty; thatB . honest; /C . honesty; /D . honest; that答案：A解析：考查名词和宾语从句。句意：我们都知道老实是一个重要的价值观，说谎是错误的。分析句子结构可知，第一 空为句子主语需要用名词，即第一空填honesty ；第二空and所并列的是know所引导的宾语从句。在从句中， 句子结构和意义完整，用连接词that引导宾语从句。此处为and并列的第二处宾语从句，所以that不可省略, 故第二空填that。应选A。6、The offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and hol

35、iday homes.A . disasterB . pathC . brochureD . personality答案：C 解析:57、Born a poor family, Abraham Lincoln fought his way to the top and became the United States16 H President and one of the greatest in American history.A . of.shapesB . on.statuesC . into.figuresD . with.images考查动词短语和可数名词复数。句意：亚伯拉罕林肯出

36、生在一个贫穷的家庭，他一路奋斗到顶峰，成为美国第 16任总统，也是美国历史上最伟大的人物之一。第一空涉及born的短语搭配，born of “源于，出生于”， born on “出生于（时间），born into ”出身于（家庭）”，born with “与生俱来”，根据句意，第一空应 填介词into；第二空，shapes “形状”，statues “雕塑，figures “知名人物”，images “图像”，又根据句 意，空处是指林肯是美国历史上最伟大人物之一，表示“人物”，应用名词figure表示。应选C项。58、From the Tokyo Olympics to the 14th Na

37、tional Games, outstanding performances from Chinas athletes show the countrys drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation.A . expectationB . passionC . mysteryD . imagination解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从东京奥运会到第十四届全运会，中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激 情和创新精神。A.expectation 期待；B.passion 激情；C.mystery 谜；D.imagination 想象力。根据

38、show the countrys drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation” 可知，句子表示“中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激情和创新精神”，因此空格处意为“激情”，是passion,应选B。59、He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.A adoption, adaptiveB . adaptation, adaptiveC . adapt, adaptableD . adaptation, adaptable20答案：D解析：考

39、查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, adaptive采用；适应的,常用在专业术语当中；B. adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C. adapt, adaptable动 词，适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的， 适应性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings,可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation ； 第二空表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词adaptable。应选

40、D。60、 You didn, t do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A . costumeB . corporationC . contestD . conscience答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据You didn5 t do anything wrong 可知，你没有做错任何事 你应该问心无愧。应选D项。61、The motor industry declares that el

41、ectric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A . entranceB . decadeC . committeeD . feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年； C committee委员会；D feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指“在未来十年”。故 选B项。62、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.2

42、1A . lies; surroundingB . lie; surroundingsC . lay; surroundingD . did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句子 可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie “位于”，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding “周围的”，是形 容词，surroundings “环境”是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词s

43、urroundings作介词宾语,应选B。63、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high - yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China s food.A . lackB . cuisineC . securityD . purchase答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；C. security平安；D. p

44、urchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。64、r m pleased that we do have the to produce so much food.A . frictionB . clueC . capacityD . physician答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我们有能力生产这么多食物。A. friction摩擦力；B. clue线索；C. capacity （领悟或理解、办事）能力；D. physician医师，内科医生。根据前后文句意可知，此处指“有能力”生产足够的22食物。应选c项。65、Jay Leno, the

45、 host of the Tonight show, once said that every new challenge put all the resources of the host to the test, and most solutions belonged to the.A . accidentB . customC . eventD . occasion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jay Leno曾经说过，每一次挑战都在测试主持人的资源，大多数的解决方法都属于 偶然。A. accident偶然；B. custom风俗；C.event工程,大事件；D. occasio

46、n场合。根据句意分析可知,此处 表示“解决方式属于偶然”，表达为accident。应选A。66、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the developmentof children, s brains.A . systemsB . prioritiesC . barriersD . benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A.systems体系，系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C

47、. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据 Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools”推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：67、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是A .主语B .谓语C .宾语D .表语答案：D23 考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother”为主语，is为系动词，“a policeman” 在系动词后作表语。应选Do68、The police ordered him not to leave the city withou

48、t.A . atmosphereB . baconC . curiosityD . permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B. bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知,此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座 城市，permission符合句意。应选D项。69、He cant be a doctor, for the of blood always makes him feel sick.A . sightB . lookC . viewD . form答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不可能是医生，因为看到血总是让他感到恶心。A.sight看见；B. look眼神，样子； C.view看法；D.form形式。根据makes him feel sick.n可知，看到血总是让他感到恶心。应选A