2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步培优Unit 2 Section Ⅳ 写作指导.docx

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1、Unit 2 Section IV夯基提能作业I .阅读理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of Californ

2、ia forests, the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent； in parts of southern California the decline was

3、 nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete

4、with big trees for resources.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss

5、 of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperat

6、ure, dampness of soiL and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during

7、 the dry season.文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。调查说明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化 是其中的一个主要因素。1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? AA. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on bi

8、g trees in California.解析：主旨大意题c第二段中通过列举一系列数字说明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严 重性。故A项正确。2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? DA. Ecological studies of forests.B Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.解析：推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素： wood

9、cutters, housing development 与 aggressive wildfire controlo 前两个因素直接与大树的减 少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼 亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实那么对大树不 利。故D项正确。3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? CA. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D

10、. Dampness of the air.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的.the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知，水缺乏的主要原因就是气温升高（rising temperatures）,即更加温暖的气候。故C项正确。4. What can be a suitable title for the text? AA. Californias Forests： Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B Cutting of

11、 Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick McIntyre： Grow More Big Trees in California解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等， A项作为标题最合适。H.七选五The cicada（蝉）h

12、as an interesting life cycle, but most of us only become aware of these insects in summer when they reach adulthood and begin their calls. 1. A Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. The summer time calls of the cicada are made by adult males to attract females. Their eggs are usuall

13、y laid in scratches cut through the skin of the tree. Once it has been completed, the adults die.When the eggs hatch, the larvae（幼虫）drop to the ground and live under the soil. 2. C They spend as little as several months for some species or as long as several years for other species buried under grou

14、nd, shedding（蜕下）their skin as they grow. They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings. 3. D A few days after coming out of the soil, the males call for mates and cycle begins again.The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australians

15、 biggest and prettiest cicadas. 4. G The Golden Emperor calls in groups, but getting to see one up close is very difficult as they fly away when approached. Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks. 5. B The Golden Emperor is a delight just to listen t

16、o if you cant see the insect itself.A. Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise.B This act makes their call the only sign that they are still around.C. The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on their liquid.D. When they have become mature, they come out of the soil as a group.E. Their so

17、ngs call on female to fly to them and fight for next generation.F. If that happens, they will fly away and go to some place that they really love.G. Their call starts with two notes and then rises sharply before it suddenly drops down.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蝉的一生，其中专门介绍了澳大利亚的 一种名叫Golden Emperor的蝉和其他蝉的不

18、同之处。解析：1 .根据下文“Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs.”可知有些蝉可以发 出复杂的声音，例如 Golden Emperor。A. Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise.（并非所有 的蝉都发出简单、吵闹的声音。）”符合文意，选项中的simple与后句中的complicated形 成比照。应选A项。2 .根据前文“When the eggs hatch, the larvae drop to the ground and live under the soil.可 知蝉的幼

19、虫由卵孵化后，就会生活在地下。C选项讲述了幼虫在地下生活的状态，larvae是 关键词。应选C项。3 .根据前文“They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings.” 可知它们最后一次蜕皮，变成有翅膀的成年蝉。D选项中的mature和前文的adult是关键 词。应选D项。4 . 根据前文 “The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australias biggest and pre

20、ttiest cicadas.n 可知 Golden Emperor 是澳大利亚最大最漂亮的蝉， 它们的叫声和其他蝉不一样。应选G项。5 . 根据前文“Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks.”可知随着繁殖季节的推进，它们会逐渐爬到树干的高处。应选B项。in.完形填空There are times when we feel as if our bad circumstances will never change.When we meet troubles

21、or problems in our lives, we are 1. D for a sign that tells us everything will be 2 . A and get better.When in this mindsetC?态）,I think back to a 3. B. I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant.At the end of the meal, everyone 4. D their fortune cookie and read their messages

22、 out loud.5. B, the youngest child did not, she went to get another fortune cookie.This 6. C several times before the mom stopped her and asked, “What are you doing? The little child responded, I am looking for a cookie with the 7. D fortune for me. The mom said, uThere is only one thing you need to

23、 8. C and its not in a fortune cookie.That is where there is a will theres a way.”When 9. B are not going our way, we may 10. A the right fortune.We seek the hope for our 11. D so that it will be better than the present.Once the Israelis were expelled区逐）in a foreign country against their will.At tha

24、t time, everything was 12. B for them, but they didnt lose hope; instead, they 13. A to their new environment positively.Years later they returned to their homeland as they had 14. B . In life we need to take action and hope and believe that nothing is impossible to a willing mind.It does 15. A that

25、 good things do come out of bad and difficult situations.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者讲述的小故事一个家庭在中国餐 馆吃饭，妈妈告诉最小的孩子，寻找幸运饼干是没有意义的，需要知道的就是“有志者，事 竟成，告诉我们一个道理：在生活中，我们需要采取行动，怀抱希望，坚信“有志者，事 竟成”。1. A. readyB. gratefulC. responsibleD. desperate解析：根据前文“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知生活中遇到麻烦或 问题时，需要一

26、个“告诉我们一切都会解决，变得更好”的信号存在以给予希望。ready准 备好的；grateful感激的；responsible负有责任的；desperate不顾一切的；极度渴望的。固 定短语be desperate for意为“非常渴望，极需要的“。应选D。2. A. settledB. hiddenC. defeatedD. gone解析：根据前文“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知遇到的问题和麻烦 都会解决。应选A。3. A. messageB. storyC. problemD. case角星析：根据后文“I once he

27、ard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant.”可知， 作者应是想到了一个听说过的故事。应选B。4. A. ateB. tastedC. touchedD. opened解析：根据后文宾语fortune cookie可知，应是中餐馆给客人的，包有预测未来运气小 纸条的幸运饼干，因此翻开之后才能看到小纸条上的内容。应选D。5. A. AnyhowB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Therefore解析：前后句是转折关系，所以用However。应选B。6. A. changedB.ranC.happenedD.showe

28、d角窣析：根据 “This 6 several times before the mom stopped her and asked,，What are you doing?可知，这个动作发生了不止一次才引起了妈妈的注意和询问。应选C。B. badD. right7. A. good C wrong解析：根据后文“When9 are not going our way, we may 10 the right fortune. ”可知本句中应是“right fortune。应选D。8. A. doubtB. guessC. knowD. hope解析：根据后文“That is where th

29、ere is a will theres a way.”可知，这是妈妈希望这个小孩 子能够懂得的道理。应选C。9. A. memoriesB. thingsC. questionsD. chances解析：本句“ When 9 are not going our way, we may 10 the right fortune.”说的 是当事情不是按照自己的预想方式开展时，我们可能会寻找正确的运气。应选B。10. A. search forB. make upC - take outD. wrestle with解析：对应前文“I am looking for a cookie with th

30、e fortune for me.”可知，应是寻找 right fortuneo search for寻找；make up构成，编造，弥补；take out除掉，取得，带某人出 去（吃饭或看电影等）；wrestle with全力对付，努力克服。应选A。11. A. familyB. workC. businessD. future解析：根据后文“so that it will be better than the present”可知，应是对未来寻求希望。故 选D。12. A. easyB. difficultC. commonD. special解析：根据前文“Once the Israel

31、is were expelled（驱逐）in a foreign country against their will.可知，他们被驱逐，因此日子不好过。应选B。13. A. adjustedB. turnedC. stuckD. agreed解析：根据前文“they didnt lose hope”可知，他们虽然被驱逐，但是没有放弃希望，由 此判断，他们在新环境中积极调整自己。应选A。14. A. leftB.expectedC. talkedD.remembered解析：多年以后，他们如预期的那样回到了祖国。应选B。15. A. proveB.tellC. considerD.unders

32、tand解析：它证明了好的事情确实会从坏的和困难的情况中产生。应选A。IV .语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. longer (long) than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 2. to see (see) the benefit.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and stil

33、l reduce your risk of 3. dying (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4. is (be) more effective at lengthening life 5. than walking, cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. that/which showed a

34、mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. causes (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.it9s probably running.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. strengthen (strength) your

35、leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap, easy and its always 9. energetic (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. nmning/it a try.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步的益处，号召我们尝试一下

36、这种运动方 式。解析：1 .考查副词比拟级。句中的than是比拟级的标志。故填long的比拟级longer。2 .考查非谓语动词。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果”， 不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。故填to see03 .考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。故填dying。4 .考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知这里用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形 式，谓语动词应用iso故填is。5 .考查介词。根据句中的比拟级more effective可知，这里是把running与walking, cycling, swimming 进行

37、比拟。故填 than。6 .考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的astudy,且 在从句中作主语。故填关系代词that或which。7 .考查名词的数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有allo故填cause 的复数形式causeso8 .考查动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语。故填strength的动词形式strengthen。9 .考查形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语。故填energy的形容词形式energetic。10 .考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动。故填名词running,也可以用 it指代。givesth.atry 尝试一下某事

38、”。V.应用文写作假定你是李华，下个月要参加某外国语大学的入学英语面试,现发邮件向你的外教Chris 请教，内容包括：1 . 口语表达；2 .面试技巧；3 .考前须知。注意：1 .词数80左右；2 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Chris,Im Li Hua, a student in your class.Fm writing to consult you about my English admission interview by Shanghai International Studies University next month.Language profic

39、iency is of vital importance for such an interview, so Im in urgent need of your professional guidance in my oral English.Besides, any constructive advice on interview techniques will be highly appreciated.Finally, if there are any dos and donts in terms of dressing, manners and so on, please do let me know.Sincerely,Li Hua