2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步培优Unit 3 Section Ⅳ 写作指导.docx

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1、UNIT 3 Section IV 写作指导夯基提能作业I .阅读理解We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good or bad to eat.As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are unacceptable.Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cul

2、tures whose people regard rats as proper food.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition.For example, broccoli （花椰菜） is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.Tomatoes are sixteenth

3、 on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.But dislikes is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food.In some cultures, certain foods are taboo.Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands t

4、hat is used to describe something that is forbidden.We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture.One example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cultures regard them as good food.In the United States, dogs are very important to people as pe

5、ts.They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases.In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals （罪才日）. Actually, the dog s place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food.Scientists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result

6、of the ways of life of different people.People will not eat pets such as dogs.Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。讲述不同的文化中有不同的饮食习惯，有些饮食看似怪 异但与它们的文化是分不开的。1. The writer uses t

7、he example of rat as food to show that C .A. some cultures may seem rather strangeB understanding between different cultures is easyC. people may eat very different thingsD. eating properly is very difficult解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two di

8、fferent cultures whose people regard rats as proper food. “ 可知, 许多人发现 吃老鼠是非常恶心的，但有四十二种不同的文化中把老鼠当作美味，可见人们会吃不同的食 物。应选C。2. What is the second paragraph mainly about? AA. People don t often consider nutrition as important.B. Some vegetables are more nutritious than others.C. Broccoli and tomatoes are co

9、mmon vegetables.D. Americans like broccoli better than tomatoes.解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句 Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition.可知，对食物的喜好并不总是与营养有关，以下都是围绕着这句话展开。应选 Ao3. Why is eating dogs a taboo in America? DA. It is a taboo from the Fiji Islands.B. It is against American laws.C. D

10、ogs are needed by the police.D. Dogs are close to human life.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Actually, the dog s place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food.”可知，狗与人的亲近关系让狗成为食物禁忌。应选D。4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? BA. Nutritions and BeliefsB. Food and CultureC. Taboo about FoodD

11、. Science in Eating解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述不同的文化中有不同的饮食习惯，有些饮食看似怪异但与 它们的文化是分不开的。应选B。II.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Unless you ve been living in a cave, you more or less know how to live a healthy lifestyle.Some obvious first steps include eating more greens and superfoods and cutting back on

12、sugars and alcohol. 1 .E Actually, a few simple changes to the way you eat and the way you live will be helpful for you to live a healthier lifestyle.1. Eat mostly unprocessed foods.Your diet should consist of vegetables, fruit, lean meats like chicken and ground turkey, and grains. 2.D2. 3.B It s e

13、ssential to negate （否认）a sedentary （久坐不动的）work life whenever you can.If something, s within walking distance, make the effort to travel by foot instead of by car.When you have time to spare, park farther than you normally would to increase your step count.3. Drink less often.Limit heavy binge （寻欢作乐）

14、drinking to once a week.lts not only better for your liver, but it s better for your wallet, too.4. Bring your lunch to work. 4.C Like drinking, you 11 save money and cut back on calories.Meal preparation can go a long way.Spend Sunday evenings planning for the work week ahead.5. Stay away from nega

15、tivity.You become what you allow into your life. 5.F6. Participate in physical activities.Take a hike.Go for a swim.Hop on a bike.Physical activity relieves both physical and mental stress.A. Take vacations.B. Walk when possible.C. Pack a salad or sandwich.D. Avoid processed foods altogether and you

16、 11 be better off.E. But how many of us can keep doing these things regularly?F. Stay positive and you 11 see things turn around for the better.G. It is not worth expending your energy on the opinions of others.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章就怎样健康地生活给了几点建议。解析：1 .根据上文 “Some obvious first steps include eating more g

17、reens and superfoods and cutting back on sugars and alcohol可知，健康的生活首先是吃绿色食物和超级食物，控制糖和酒精 的摄入，选项E中的doing these things与之呼应，E项意为：但我们中有多少人可以坚持有 规律地做这些事呢？应选E。2 . 由前文 “Eat mostly unprocessed foods.Your diet should consist of vegetables, fruit, lean meats like chicken and ground turkey, and grains.” 可知，应多吃未

18、经加工过的食物，包含蔬菜、 水果、瘦肉和谷物，防止吃加工过的食物。应选D。3 .空格处是段落小标题。根据后面 uIf something s within walking distance, make the effort to travel by foot instead of by car.n可知，如果在步行距离以内，尽量步行而不开车，即如果可 能尽量走路。应选B。4 .根据下文“Like drinking, you 11 save money and cut back on calories.v 可知，像喝的 一样，你可以省钱的同时减少卡路里摄入，如果打包的是沙拉或三明治就可以减少卡路里

19、。 应选C。5 .根据前文 uStay away from negativity.You become what you allow into your life.“可知， 远离消极，你允许进入你生活的就是你变成的样子，所以积极一些，你会发现事情都在变好。 应选Fo川.完形填空Last week 26-year-old Zion took a seat and put his food on a table at a McDonald s.He was intending to 1 .C breakfast by himself when 70-year-old Jan, who is liv

20、ing alone, 2.B Zion.Then she asked in a weak voice 3.D she could share the table with him.Zion said “yes” 4.A .Zion introduced himself and shook the little lady s 5.C hand.They didn t know each other, and they couldn t be more different.But today they had a meal together and spent the next 45 minute

21、s enjoying each other s 6.D and sharing stories about their lives.Like they were friends, they talked and 7.Atogether.When their time together came to an end, Zion walkedher to her car and they exchanged numbers with the intention of having a 8.B again soon.Zion is glad that his 9.B conversation wit

22、h Jan could inspire so many people, but he says that he is mostly just happy to have a new 10.A .He says that he is very ll.D to set up another breakfast date. I H 12.Btrying, “ said Zion. I know if we had breakfast forevershe would have a 13.C for me for every day. ”Every stranger has the 14.A to f

23、oster a new friendship.Their 15.D story has been posted on social media and it melts our hearts.Now they are internet famous.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Zion在吃早饭的时候，偶然遇到了 70岁的Jan,他们在 吃饭期间提供自己的故事，双方都非常开心；吃完早饭后，他们互留联系方式希望再约一起 吃早餐的时间。他们的故事让很多人深受鼓舞。1. A.prepareB. orderC. eatD. finish解析：根据前一句中的“put his food on a table

24、 at a McDonald s”可知，Zion正准备吃 早餐。应选C。2. A.invitedB. approachedC. recognizedD. greeted解析：根据后文中的“Then she asked in a weak voice”可知，Jan先是靠近Zion所在的 桌子，然后开始询问。应选B。3. A.thatB. whenC. howD. if解析：根据后文Zion的回答“yes”可以推测出，这里是在问能否共用一张桌子。应选 Do4. A.enthusiasticallyB. casuallyC. nervouslyD. anxiously解析：根据第二段第一句可知，Zi

25、on介绍自己，并与Jan握手，由此可以推测出，Zion 对Jan的请求的态度应该是积极的，应选A,意为“热情地”。5. A.delicateB. strongC. wrinkledD. skilled解析：根据第一段第二句中的70-year-old可以推测出，Jan的手应该是布满皱纹的。 应选C。B peace6. A.successC. freedomD. company解析：根据该空前后文的内容可知，今天他们可以共进早餐，并且还能提供彼此的故事。 由此可以推测出，他们在接下来的45分钟里彼此陪伴。应选D。7. A.laughedB.playedC. cheeredD.teased解析：根据

26、该空前的内容可知，他们像朋友一样，不断地交谈，哈哈大笑。应选A。8. A.visitB.breakfastC. shareD.call解析：根据第11小题后的uanother breakfast可知，B项符合题意。应选B。9. A.briefB.sweetC. privateD.serious解析：根据第二段中的“the next 45 minutes” “talked and 7 together”以及该空后的 uinspire so many peoplen可知，他们的聊天时间不短，聊天的方式与话题也是随意的，且是 在公共场所聊天的。故排除A、C、D,只能选B。应选B。10. A.frie

27、ndB. startC. targetD. opportunity解析：根据第14小题后的“foster a new friendship”可知，Zion在这里意在说明，自己 因为交了一位新朋友而感到开心。应选A。11. A.upsetB. frightenedC. proudD. excited解析：第二段提到他们希望能够再次共进早餐，且前一句说明，Zion因交了一位新朋友 而开心，由此可知，他非常激动约定了下一次共进早餐的时间。应选D。12. A.startB. keepC. advocateD. consider解析：根据后文中的UI know if we had breakfast f

28、orever she would have a 13 for me for every day.”可知，Zion在这里说明，如果他继续努力的话，Jan会与他提供更多的故事。 应选B。13. A.giftB. foodC. storyD. sponsor解析：根据第6空后的sharing stories可知，这里表示“Jan会每天和我提供一个故 事”。应选C。14. A.potentialB. intentionC. fortuneD. confidence解析：根据Zion与Jan的故事我们可以发现，每个陌生人都有潜力去与他人交朋友。故 选A,意为“潜力”。15. A.strangeB. fa

29、miliarC. amusingD. touching解析：根据该空后的it melts our hearts可知，他们的故事应该是非常感人的。应选D, 意为“动人的”。IV .语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A Bite of China (舌尖上的中国)，a mouth-watering documentary television series, l.has gained (gain) worldwide popularity since it was aired on CCTV.lt is not only its vivid pictures

30、but also its deep significance of traditional Chinese food cultures 2.that makes it a real hit.This popular weekly program was broadcast 3.at 10 40 p. m. on each Friday, lasting (last) 50 minutes.There are many reasons leading to its great 5.success (succeed). 6.By/Wheri/While watching A Bite of Chi

31、na, not only can you enjoy many different traditional Chinese dishes of different regions but also you can have a better knowledge of splendid Chinese cooking skills.What? s more, cultures, customs as well as living styles of different parts were also presented.However, the most important thing I ha

32、ve gained is that each grain we live on is from hard work and sweat.That is to say, nothing can be 7.mor。shameful (shame)than wasting food.“We made this documentary with our respect and love for food, “ said director Chen Xiaoqing.Being sincere is the most important thing for artists because they ca

33、nnot move others 8.unless they themselves are first moved.Works that fail to reflect reality will not touch people? s hearts.If you are the one 9.who has a special preference for Chinese food culture and traditional Chinese cultures and customs, 10.turn (turn) on your TV and a fascinating world will

34、 spread in front of you.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文给我们介绍了舌尖上的中国这个电视节目。解析：1 .考查动词的时态。现在完成时表示从过去某一时间发生到现在或将继续持续下去。并 且由since可以判断这里用现在完成时。故填has gained。2 .考查固定句型。It isthat是强调句型，强调的内容在that之前。这里是强调not only its vivid pictures but also its deep significance of traditional Chinese food cultures, 不仅是鲜明的 图片，还有中国传统饮食文化的重

35、大意义。故填that。3 .考查介词。表示在具体时间点用at。故填at。4 .考查非谓语动词。这里是现在分词作伴随状语，last是持续的意思，与主语program 为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。句意：该节目每周周五晚上10点40播放，持续50分钟。 故填 lasting o5 .考查名词。succeed是动词，success是名词。由its “它的”可知用名词。故填successo6 .考查介词或连词。如果填的是by,那么该空所在句是一个方式状语。如果填的是 when/while那么该句是一个省略了主语(you)和谓语(are)的时间状语从句。并且由于后半句话是 一个完整的句子，不缺乏成分，所

36、以，这里既可以是一个从句也可以表示方式状语。故填By/WhenAVhileo7 .考查形容词比拟级。句意：也就是说，没有什么比浪费食物更可耻的了。根据后面的 than可知此处用形容词的比拟级。故填more shamefulo8 .考查连词。句意：对艺术家来说，真诚是最重要的，因为他们不能感动别人，除非他 们自己先被感动。根据句意可知此处是unless引导的条件状语从句。故填unless。9 .考查定语从句。该空指的是人，并且在定语从句中是主语。故填who。10 .考查祈使句。句意：翻开你的电视，一个迷人的世界将会在你面前展开。故填turn。V.应用文写作假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良

37、好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据 以下要点提示，用英语写一篇80词左右的发言稿。局部同学的不良饮食习惯1 .不吃早餐2 .爱吃零食3 .挑食4 .饮食过量良好的饮食习惯1 .选择不同的健康食品如水果，蔬菜等2 .规律饮食个人的看法1 .良好饮食习惯的重要性2 .如何做？参考词汇：挑食 be particular about food 零食 snacks参考范文：Dear friends,As we all know, we are what we eat.Therefore, it s important for us to form healthy eating habits.Howev

38、er, some students have formed a variety of bad eating habits, such as not having breakfast, eating snacks, being particular about food, eating and drinking too much and so on, which will surely do harm to their health.To keep healthy, we should have healthy diets.We should not only have different kinds of foods, like fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as rice, noodles, but also we should have the food regularly and properly.Personally, I think it is important to keep a healthy diet, which is beneficial to building up a strong body.