考点 10 谓语动词的被动语态 (解析版)（重难考点精讲练）-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国通用）.docx

《考点 10 谓语动词的被动语态 (解析版)（重难考点精讲练）-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国通用）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点 10 谓语动词的被动语态 (解析版)（重难考点精讲练）-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国通用）.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考点10动词的被动语态动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语 态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。预计2023年高考语态仍将是高考考 查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结 合起来进行考查。、产法技巧,1 .掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2 .掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3 .掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4 .掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。知识网络 被动语态的构成序号常用被动语态构成序号常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/

2、were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9将来完成时will/would have been asked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked考前须知被动语态的否认式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介 副词。固定结构be going to, used to, ha

3、ve to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为 被动态。如：back to planet.【答案】have been brought o【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：这标志着44年来首次将月球岩石带回地球。此处为“the first time that+ 完成时”句型，由marks可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被 动语态，主语为moon rocks,助动词用have。故填have been broughto6. (2021 内蒙古赤峰市高三二模语法填空)Awakening of Insects, which(1) (signal)

4、 a rise in temperature and increased rainfall, falls on March 5 andends on March 19 this year.Awakening of Insects refers to the fact that animals sleeping in winter (2) (awaken) by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.【答案】(1) signals (2) are awakened【解析】(1)考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：惊

5、蛰是气温上升和降雨增加的信号，今年的惊蛰从3月5日开始，至II 3月19日结束。根据falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year可知，此处应用一般现在 时。which代指Awakening of Insects,为第三人称单数。故填signalso(2)考查一般现在时和被动语态。句意：惊蛰是指冬天睡觉的动物被春雷惊醒，大地开始复苏。此处描述 客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词awaken意为“唤醒”，和主语animals构成被动关系。主语animals为 复数。故填 are awakenedo7. (2021 内蒙古包头市高三二模短文改错)As

6、 you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore.【答案】have改为has【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：正如你所知道的，中国有着悠久的历史和伟大的文化，有许多著名 的城市和不同类型的名胜供你探索。China作主语，谓语动词用单数。故将have改为has。8. (2021 ,黑龙江大庆市高三二模短文改错)Fortunately, the fenc

7、e was lasted through 15 more minutes and the helicopter arrived in time. We were saving.【答案】(1)删除was (2) saving改为saved【解析】(1)考查语态。句意：幸运的是，围栏坚持了 15分钟，直升机及时赶到了。连系动词last,意为 “持续”，无被动形式。故删掉was。(2)考查语态。句意：我们被救了。分析句子，主语we和动词save为动宾关系，所以save要用被动。故 saving 改为 saved o9. (2021 四川遂宁市遂宁中学高三三模语法填空)The Chinese luna

8、r calendar divides the year into 24 solarterms. Clear and Bright (1) (be) the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day.Clear and Bright serves as a time when Chinese people honor nature and the ancestors of the Chinese nation. The worship of nature and ances

9、tors (2) (date) back to ancient times, and still matters a lot in modern society. 【答案】(1) is (2) dates【解析】(1)考查动词时态。句意：清明节是唯一一个以首日作为中国的传统节日的节气。描述客观事实 用一般现在时，主语Clear and Bright是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数。故填is。(2)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对自然和祖先的敬畏可以追朔到古时候，直到现在意义也很重大。date 是谓语动词，根据下文的matters可知，用一般现在时，主语worship是单数，故谓语动词也用单数，

10、故填 dates o10. (2021 .赤峰二中高三月考)“Each and every“ are words which are close in meaning. In general, you use each” when you are talking about one individual(单独的)object or person. *Everyn (1) . (use) for a group of objects, or people that you group together.【答案】is used考查固定短语和时态。句意：“Every”用于一组物体，或一群人。结合句意

11、表示“用于.”可知短语为be used for,此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为”Every”，谓语动词用单数。故填is used。11. （天津市河东区2021届高三第一次模拟考试）一Do you remember the first time we met?一Yes. It happened at the airport and we to leave for Tianjin.A. had been waiting B. were waiting C. would wait D. waited【答案】B【详解】考查动词时态。句意： 你还记得我们第一次见面吗？ 是的。事情发生在机场，我们

12、正等 着去天津。表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态，应用过去进行时，构成 为：“主语+w叔were doing，主语为we,应用were。应选 为12. （天津市红桥区 2021 届高三质量调查（一模）Mr. Smith these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.A. has been overworking B. overworkedC. has overworked D. was overworking【答案】A【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生这些天一直在加班，我想他应该在精

13、疲力尽之前去度个假。根据本 句中时间状语these days和后文before he burns out,可知，史密斯先生的忙碌的动作是从过去开始，延续到 现在，还要继续持续，所以时态用现在完成进行时。选项A符合题意，应选A。13. 13.（天津市南开中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考）一Did you get to work on time?Sure. The city center wasnt as crowded this morning as it usually.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been【答案】A【详解】考查动词时态。句意： 你按

14、时上班了吗？当然。今天早上市中心不像往常那么拥挤了。根据上文“as it usually”可知从句在描述经常习惯性的动作应用一般现在时，主语为it,谓语动词用单数。故 选AoY真题过笑【2022年】1. （2022新高考 1 卷 语法填空）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that38（be）previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authorit

15、y39 to inciease effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有 的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定 语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语，根据previously （之前地）” 可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。2. （ 20

16、22全国甲卷 语法填空）In the last five years. Cao47 （walk） through 34 countries in six continents, andin 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas 48 highest mountain.【答案】has walked【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语 Cao为第三人称单数，助动

17、词用haso故填has walkedo3. （2022全国卷甲 短文改错）My father often took me to his hospital when I was off school. He showed me how his medical instruments was used.【答案】waswere【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：他向我展示他的医疗器械是如何使用的。主语instruments为复数形式，全 文为一般过去时，be动词用复数形式were。故将was改为were。4. （2022全国卷乙 短文改错）We all know that cycling is a grea

18、t exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.【答案】lives live【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。people是集合名词，谓语动 词用复数。故将lives改为live。5. （2022全国卷乙 短文改错）Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.【答案】去掉have后的been【解析】考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词take ove

19、r之间是主谓关系， 应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。【2021年】1. （2021 年 1 月，折江卷）It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared and a BMI of between 19 and 25 3L（consider） healthy.【答案 J is considered【解析】31.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI 在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语

20、（aBMI）是单数，时态是一般 现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is consideredo2. （2021 年 6 月浙江卷）Marys niece wrote, The little home 40（paint） white. It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.”【答案】was painted【解析】【40题】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动 词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was b

21、uilt可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+ 过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是paintedo 故填 was painted o3. （2021 全国卷甲）The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It 41（build） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now be

22、en completely restored （彳修 复）.【答案】was built【解析】【41题】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done）,根据句意和 时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致， 故填 was builto4. （2021 年 1 月）折江卷）It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height

23、 in meters squared and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31.（consider） healthy.31. 【答案】is considered【解析】考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19 到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（aBMI）是单数，时态是一般现在 时，且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is consideredo【2020年】1. （2020全国卷 I , 68） “This really excites scientists/9 Carle Pi

24、eters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon（construct）.【答案】is constructed【解析】68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct 与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时 主语the moon 是单数，故填is constructedo2. （2020新课标HI）

25、The artist was sure he would 63（choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.【答案】are called【解析】63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老 人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be choseno3. (2020山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public

26、 40(call) galleries or rooms.40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的局部被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使 用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。4. (2020浙江卷)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59(n

27、eed).【答案】are needed【解析】59.考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need 之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。 food为不可数名词。故填are needed。【2019年】1. (2019全国卷III, 69) On the last day of our week-long stay, we(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the star

28、s, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】were invited69 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过 去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。【2017年】1. (2017全国卷 I ， 64 67)When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing

29、something. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.1.【答案】64. are removed【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat, salt和move之间是被动关系， 脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。2. (2017全国卷 H , 65 68) Steam engines(use) to pull

30、 the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】 65.were used【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填wereused。3. (2017全国卷I, 43 49)Sarah(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.【答案】63. was told / has been tol

31、d【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式, 又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been toldoTrees should not be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。The boy was made fun of by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapers used to be sent here, by the little girl.报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。汉语有一类句子不出现主语、在英语中一般，可用被动结构表示。如：It is beli

32、eved that.It is generally considered that.It is said that.It is well known that.It must be pointed out that.It is supposed that.It is reported that.It must be admitted that.It is hoped that.下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/ne eds/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut.

33、 / The play wont act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.卜面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with,

34、 keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等考向一 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种 时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：体现在过去将来过去将来一般is / am / are donewas / were donewill / shall be donewould / should be done进行is / am / arebeing donewas / were being done/完成have / has beendonehad been donewi

35、ll / shall havebeen donewould / should have beendone被动语态的特殊结构形式含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2) “get+过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get+过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Some glasses got broken when we

36、 were moving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。几种主动变被动的规那么(1)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍 然保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(间接宾语为主语)A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.(直接宾语为主语，需加介词 to)(2

37、)当”动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.(3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语 补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A strange

38、r was seen to walk into the building.(4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如”动词+介词“，”动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构， 但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词 off 不能遗漏)5.当句子的谓语为 say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report 等时，被动语态有两种形式： 谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。People said he was a smart boy.可变

39、为：It was said that he was a smart boy.0He was said to be a smart boy用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.经典好题.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. For centuries, the ancient language(pass) on from one generation to another.答案has been passed【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：几个世纪以来，这种古老的语言代

40、代相传。根据时间状语for centuries和 句意，可知谓语动词用现在完成时；主语the ancient language与谓语pass是被动关系，故用现在完成时的 被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been passed。2. Worldwide, three cups of tea(consume) for every cup of coffee.【答案are consumed【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：在世界范围内，每喝一杯咖啡就要喝三杯茶。分析句子可知，句子陈 述客观事实应使用一般现在时，由于谓语动词consume与所修饰词three cups of tea之间

41、构成被动关系，应 用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为three cups of tea,谓语动词用复数。故填are consumed。3. Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food(need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：农业生产的人均粮食比狩猎和采集来的多，因此人们能够养育更多的 孩子。而且，随着更多的孩

42、子出生，需要更多的食物。分析句子结构可知，more food与need构成被动关系， 使用被动语态，根据were able to”和“produced”可知，需用一般过去时，加上food是不可数名词，所以需填 was needed o 故填 was needed o4. The activity, which(schedule) on Friday, is meant to celebrate their 50th anniversary.【答案】is scheduled【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该活动定于周五举行，旨在庆祝他们结婚50周年。固定短语be scheduled被计

43、戈U；被排定“，且从句主语为The activity,且根据下文is meant to celebrate their50th anniversary可知应用一般现在时。主语为The activity,谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is scheduledo5. In our school, all the students(request) to wear school uniforms on weekends.【答案】are requested【解析】考查被动语态。解题思路：分析句子可知，空格处为本句谓语动词，主语students和request之间 是被动关系，故用被动语态bedone,主

44、语为复数，时态为一般现在时，故填are requested。结合句意：我 们学校，所有学生被要求在周末穿校服。故答案为are; requested。6. Your passport(return) to you when you check out of your hotel.【答案will be returned【解析】考查动词时态。句意：您的护照将在您退房时归还给您。根据“主将从现”原那么可知，当时间状语为 一般现在时的时候，主句用一般将来时，此处用一般将来时，动词return和主语Your passport之间是被动关 系，故用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done) o故填wi

45、ll be returned。7. Ten thousand dollars(spend) on this project so that we can enjoy a more beautiful campus.(所给 词的适当形式填空)答案has been spent【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：为了让我们能享受一个更美丽的校园，已经在这个工程上花费 了一万美元。表示到现在为止已经在这个工程上花费了一万美元，用现在完成时。又主语Ten thousand dollars 和动词spend是被动关系，空处用现在完成时的被动。表示金钱的Ten thousand dollars作主语，谓语

46、用单数。 综上，故填 has been spento考向二不能用被动语态的几种情况：1. (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit contain equal fit 等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。(4)表示希望、意图的动词，如：wish、want hope、like、love、hate 等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。考向三主动形式表被动意义的情况：(1)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, tas

47、te, book, feel等在主 系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2)当 cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等词带状语修饰语时；(3)当 break out、take place、shut off turn off work out 等动词词组表示发生、关闭、制定”等意 思时；(4) want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(5) be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。(6)在” be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent (出租)也用主动形式表被动。丫经典好题1. (2021 全国高三专题练习)His new novel; very few people would like to read it.A. sells wellB. is well sold C. sells badlyD. is badly sold【答案】C【解析】考查语态和副词词义辨析。句意：他的新小说卖得很差，很少有人喜欢读它。