2023初高英语衔接讲义第13讲-定语从句（学生版+解析版）.docx

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1、第13讲定语从句概念和连接词.概念：在英语中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was drunk.1 .连接词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词：when, where, why.定语从句类型：限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句不同点：1 .形式上：有无逗号。限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。2 .意义上：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用。Th

2、e government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.（限制性关系从句，指任何一个减税的政府）The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.（非限制性关系从句，补充说明（现任的）政府的情况）关系代词的用法1 .关系代词语法功能（1）代替先行词（2）它在定语从句中担任一定的成分；（3）同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。如：The building which/that stands by the river is our school.在本句话中，which/t

3、hat是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连 词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。2 .关系代词（1）who指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（在从句中作宾语时，可省略）The man（ who） I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.(2) whom指代人，在从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前那么不能省)The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is M

4、r. Li.(3) whose是代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作定语。I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.(整合成一句话)I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book. Its cover is red.(整合成一句话)Please show me the book whose cover is red.(4) which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前那么不能省)These are the trees which were planted la

5、st year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?(5) that多指代物，有时也指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper

6、 over there?(6) as作为关系代词的用法as引导限制性定语从句，常与such, same等连用：suchas像那样的I am just such a little girl as you are.the same .as和一样的She bought the same bike as you did.*说明：as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句首、句中、句尾，如：As you know,our band is very popular.3 .介词+关系代词介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，用whom指代人。This is the hero (who) we ar

7、e proud of.=This is the hero of whom we are proud .The room (that/ which) I live in is very big.=The room in which I live is very big.4 .只用that,不用which的情况（1）从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;This is the most interesting story(that) I have ever heard.The first meeting(that) we will take part in will be held in

8、the afternoon.(2)先行词是something, nothing, anything等不定代词时;Here is something( that) I will tell you.(3)先行词既有人也有物时，只能用that；I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.(4)先彳亍词是 one of, the one,或用 little, much, few, no, alb some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last作修饰时；Is it the

9、 one that you want ?I havent got much that I can offer you.5 .宜用who,不用that的情况(1)先行词是anyone, someone, those时,关系词使用who;Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?(2)在therebe句型中，先行词指人，关系词用who;There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young me

10、n who are against him.关系副词的用法.关系副词的句法功能(1)引导定语从句的；(2)在从句中代替先行词；(3)在从句中作状语。具体关系副词如下：where在从句中作地点状语，指代地点；when在从句 中作时间状语，指代时间；why在从句中作原因状语，指代原因。1 .关系副词的运用The hotel wasnt clean. We stayed at the hotel.(整合成一句话)The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.=The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.=The hotel (whi

11、ch) we stayed at wasnt clean.检测训练基础过关单项选择We can think of many situations people knew a lot of English words and expressions but could hardlycommunicate with native speakers.A. whenB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们可以想到很多情况，人们知道很多英语单词和表达，但很难与以英语 为母语的人交流。分析句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是many situation

12、s,在从句中作地点 状语，应用关系副词where引导。应选C项。1. Life is like a marathon perseverance and consistent efforts count.A. whenB. howC. whereD. why【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人生就像马拉松，在这当中，毅力和坚持起作用。空格处是定语从句，先 行词marathon是抽象地点，在定语从句中缺少状语，因此要用关系副词where引导。应选C。2. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A

13、. thatB. whereC. whileD. when【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意:让我有时间和我的孩子们相处一天的机会非常少。A. that那个；B. where哪里;C.while当时候；D. when时候。When引导了一个定语从句，先行词为Occasions,在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以用when引导。应选D项。3. The experiment has reached a stage they can almost do nothing about it.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：实验已经到达了一个

14、他们几乎什么也做不了的阶段了。空处引导定语从句， 先行词stage在从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where引导。应选C。5 . is known to the world, Chinas Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the mens 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知【，中国的刘翔成为历史上在奥运比赛中获得11。米男子 跨栏的亚洲第一人。空格处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子

15、，且在句首，因此要用As。应选Co6. Who is the man was standing there?A. whoB. whichC. thatD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：站在那里的人是谁？空格处是定语从句，先行词是the man,在定语从句中 缺少主语，因此考虑who和that,但是由于主句是以Who引导的疑问句，为防止重复，排除who,选择that。 应选C。7. I dont like the way you speak to her.A. whichB. /C. of whichD. by which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢你对她说话

16、的方式。空格处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way, 在定语从句中缺少状语，在这种情况下，可选择that/in which/省略。应选B。8. New York,I visited last year, is a nice old city.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. in which【答案】B【解析】此题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我去年参观过纽约，那是一个美丽而古老的城市。空格处是 非限制性定语从句，先行词是New York,关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，故正确答案是B。9. Twitter is a social networking web

17、site people from different countries communicate with one another.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句，句意：Twitter是一个社交网站，来自不同国家的人可以在此交流，空格处是 定语从句，先行词是website为抽象地点，在后面从句中充当模糊化的地点状语，因此要用where。应选C。10. A bus company driver caused an accident while using his mobile phone has been fined 10,000

18、yuan.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. what【答案】C【解析】考查关系代词。句意：一个公交公司的司机开车时由于使用手机，引起一个事故，已经被罚一万 元。空格处是定语从句，先行词是Abus company,在定语从句中driver缺少定语，因此要用whose引导。 应选CoSmall tour groups from countries coronavirus infections are well under control are welcome hereA. in whichB. whenC. thatD. from which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：

19、来自于冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制的国家的小旅游团在这里是受欢迎的。 根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查限制性定语从句，先行词是“countries”，在从句“coronavirus infections are well under control”做地点状语，所以连词用关系副词where或者介词in+关系代词which的结构，表示“在这 些国家，冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制”的意思。应选A。11. The reason some people pay more attention to their appearance is that they care much more aboutwhat

20、other people think of them.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. why【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些人更加关注他们的外貌的原因是他们更加在意别人对他们的看法。A. where哪里；B. that这；C.when何时；D. why为什么。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先 行词是reason”，在定语从句“some people pay more attention to their appearance”中做原因状语，所以要用关 系副词why。应选D。12. It is this book, with help you have d

21、eepened your understanding of Chinese culture, that is worthreading.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正是这本曾经帮助你加深了对中国文化的理解的书值得读。A. which指物, 做主、宾、表的成分；B. that指人或物，做主、宾、表的成分；C whom指人，做宾、表的成分；D. whose 指人或物，做定语的成分。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。 先行词是“this book”，在从句中做名词“help”的定语，所以要用wh

22、ose。应选D。13. We will do something for those students education can not be completed easily each year.A. whoseB. whichC. whomD. who【答案】A【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们将帮助那些每年不能容易完成教育的那些学生。空格处是定语从句， 先行词是students,根据定语从句中的education可知从句中缺少定语，应用whose。应选A。14. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012 the date,

23、 the month and the year match.A. whichB. in whichC. whenD. of which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很多情侣选择在2012年12月12日结婚，因为这一天的日期、月份和年份 相匹配。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词Dec. 12,2012,先行词表示时间，且在从句中做时间状语，关系 词应用when,应选C项。15. The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country has produced“in the f

24、ield of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. as【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔文学奖每年颁发给“在文学领域朝着理想方向创作出最杰出作品”的任 何国家的作家。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词an author,先行词是人，在从句中作主语，关系代词应 用who,应选B项。16. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A. which price B. of wh

25、ich price C. price of which D. whose price【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近我买了一个中国古代花瓶，它的价格非常合理。分析句子结构及根据 选项，可知该句考查定语从句的引导词；从句主语price与先行词an ancient Chinese vase之间有所属关系， 所以用关系代词whose引起从句。应选D项。17. We dont know the number of people lost their homes in the earthquake.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. /【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们还不

26、知道地震中失去家园的人数。分析句型可知，此处考查定语从句； 从句缺少主语，先行词是people,所以用指代人的关系代词who。注意whom在从句中一般作宾语和表语。 应选B项。18. You are the only person advice Tom might listen to.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：只有你的建议汤姆才会听。本句是定语从句，先行词person在从句中作定 语，应用whose,应选B项。19. He talked happily about the men and books interested h

27、im greatly in the school.A. thatB. whenC. whoD. Which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他高兴地谈到在学校时使他感兴趣的人和书。分析可知空格处是定语从句， 先行词是the men and books,在定语从句中作主语，根据语法规那么，领先行词既包含人又包含物时，关系代 词用that。应选A。20. Is there anything to you?A. that belong B. which belongs C. that belongs D. that is belonged【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有属于你的东西吗？分

28、析可知，空格处为定语从句，先行词为anything,关 系代词只能用that,故排除B项；belong“属于”是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故排除D项；关系代词that 指代anything,谓语动词用第三人称单数，故排除A项。应选C项。21. The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.A. of whoB. of whomC. of whichD. of them【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位老妇人有两个儿子，其中一个是教师。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限 制性定语从句，先行词为sons,关系代词whom引导从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语

29、（不可用who替代）, 指代人。应选B项。22. The Palace Museum released such fascinating lipstick collections in six colors fashion lovers cannothelp buying.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意：故宫博物院推出如此吸引人的六种故宫国宝色口红，时尚爱好者争相购买。 分析可知，空格处是定语从句，先行词是lipstick collections,定语从句中关系代词作buying的宾语。suchthat（如此.以致于）引导结果状语从句

30、，that不做句子成分；such.as.引导定语从句,as 作句子成分。which表示：哪一个；what什么，引导名词性从句。应选C。23. The “face-pahrT is one of the 10 hot emojis nowadays used by young people,many are frequently employed in online chats.A. of whomB. to whomC. through which D. of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：捂脸表情是如今年轻人使用的十大最热表情之一，其中很多表情在网络聊 天时被频繁使用。本句

31、中先行词是emojis （表情），根据从句和先行词的关系可知，应该用of表示所属关 系，BP many of emojiso 因此用 which 指代 emojis。应选 D。24. . Uncle Tom lives in a mountainous village,is two hours* ride from here.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆叔叔住在一个山村，距离这里有两小时的路程。分析句子可知，空格 处是非限制性定语从句，在从句中缺少主语。where =介词+ which,在从句中做状语，因此排除A

32、和B0 D that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，因此排除D。应选C。26. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutesa day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.A. whichB. to whichC. in whichD. when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了

33、一项研究，该研究说明，每天 只需跑步5到10分钟，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性 定语从句，先行词为study,关系代词which引导从句，指代事物，在从句中作主语。应选A项。27. They talked about the persons and things they remembered.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制 性定语从句，先行词为the persons and things,领先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词

34、只能用that。应选B 项。28. Have you found the information about famous scientists you can use for the report?一Not yet. Ell search some on the Internet.A. whichB. whoC. what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你找到为你报告所用的关于有名科学家的信息了吗？还没有。我会 网上再搜索一些的。根据语境和句意可知，这里information是先行词，在定语从句中use后缺少宾语，用 which/that,根据给出的选项，应选择A。29. Yester

35、day Li Ming went to the village his family lived ten years ago.A. whichB. where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天，李明回到他们一家人十年前住的那个村庄。分析可知空格处是定语 从句。the village是先行词，表地点。在定语从句中缺少状语，应选B。30. Go for a walk in the countryside,you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what【答案】

36、c【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去乡村散步，在那里你可以欣赏美丽的风景和宁静的气氛。分析句子可知， 逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the countryside （地点名词），关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用 关系副词where。应选C项。能力提升Text 1（2022.四川.雅安中学高一开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式，并将答案写在答题卡上。When the action movie Wolf Warrior II broke China, s box-office records in 2017, a less prominent （突出的） f

37、igure unexpectedly left a strong impression the audiencea military scientist 2 （call） Dr.Chen who developed a vaccine for a deadly virus spreading across Africa.Two years ago, a real military scientist Dr. Chen Wei 3（send） from China to Africa to fight againstthe deadly Ebola. The only difference be

38、tween the two figures is4the real Dr. Chen is “she”.When SARS broke out in China in 2003, Dr. Chen and her team isolated （隔离）the virus and identified （确认） the cause of the disease without delay. 5 （lucky）, the efforts devoted by them had prevented about 14,000 front-line medical workers from 6 （get）

39、 infected.After SARS, the forward-looking woman shifted her attention to Ebola which claimed （夺去生命）over10,0007 (life) worldwide. In 2015, she and her team went to Sierra Leone and started their second phaseof clinical experiments (临床实验).After countless trials and errors, her vaccine has proven safe

40、and 8 (effect), and been widely administered (供给)to staff assigned to help people in Africa.From SARS and Ebola to COVID-19, Dr. Chen has spent half of her life fighting against life-threatening viruses/4 We do not have any other choices but 9(win),“ she said. And she made 10.【导语】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了军事科学家，创

41、造了埃博拉疫苗的陈薇博士。1 .【答案】。n【解析】考查固定短语。句意：当动作片战狼2在2017年打破中国票房纪录时，一个不太知名的人物 出人意料地给观众留下了深刻印象一位被称为陈博士的军事科学家，他为一种在非洲蔓延的致命病毒 研制了疫苗。结合句意表示“给 留下印象“可知短语为leave aimpression on。故填on。2 .【答案】called【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当动作片战狼2在2017年打破中国票房纪录时，一个不太知名的人 物出人意料地给观众留下了深刻印象一位被称为陈博士的军事科学家，他为一种在非洲蔓延的致命病 毒研制了疫苗。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形

42、式，与逻辑主语scientist构成被动关系，故 用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。3 .【答案】was sent【解析】考查时态语态。句意：两年前，一位真实的军事科学家陈薇博士被从中国派去非洲对抗致命的埃 博拉病毒。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Two years ago可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为a real military scientist Dr. Chen Wei,谓语用单数。故填 was sento.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这两个人物之间的唯一的不同是真实的陈博士是“她”。is是系动词，接表语 从句，从句句意完整，不缺少成分，故用that引导表语

43、从句，仅起连接作用。故填that。4 .【答案】Luckily【解析】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他们的努力使大约14000名一线医务人员免受感染。修饰整个句子 用副词luckily作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Luckily。5 .【答案】getting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他们的努力使大约14000名一线医务人员免受感染。作介词 的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填getting。(2) whom指代人，在从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前那么不能省)The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talk

44、ed is Mr. Li.(3) whose是代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作定语。I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.(整合成一句话)I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book. Its cover is red.(整合成一句话)Please show me the book whose cover is red.(4) which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前那么不能省)These are the trees which were pla

45、nted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?(5) that多指代物，有时也指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the ne

46、wspaper over there?(6) as作为关系代词的用法as引导限制性定语从句，常与such, same等连用：suchas像那样的I am just such a little girl as you are.the sameas和一样的She bought the same bike as you did.*说明：as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句首、句中、句尾，如：As you know,our band is very popular.3.介词+关系代词介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，用whom指代人。This is the hero (who) w

47、e are proud of.=This is the hero of whom we are proud .The room (that/ which) I live in is very big.7 .【答案】lives【解析】考查名词的数。句意：非典之后，这位高瞻远瞩的女性将注意力转移到夺去全球1万多人生命的 埃博拉病毒上。life为可数名词，由10,000修饰应用复数形式。故填lives。8 .【答案】effective【解析】考查形容词。句意：在无数次试验和错误之后，她的疫苗被证明是平安有效的，并被广泛应用于 被指派帮助非洲人民的工作人员。作表语，表示“有效的”应用形容词effect

48、ive。故填effective。9 .【答案】to win【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“除了获胜，我们没有其他选择，”她说。此处为短语havechoices but to do sth,表示“除了做某事别无选择”。故填to win。10 .【答案】it【解析】考查固定短语。句意：她成功了。结合句意表示“成功”短语为make it。故填it。Test 2(2022.河南林州一中高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。A new community, Oberbillwerder, is being planned in a suburb of Hamburg, Germany. 11 makes it special is that