2023初高英语衔接讲义第14讲- 名词性从句（学生版+解析版）.docx

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1、第14讲名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：I know what you need.The problem is who will help you.名词性从句的分类英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如:Whom we will choose hasnt been decided.He wants to know how he can deal with the problem.This is where he was born.He made a decision that he would donate his money to th

2、e poor.名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、附属连词。名称成分连接词that, whether, if （是否）无I know that he can succeed.He wonder whether/ if we can help him when he is in danger.The kid was crying then because he couldnt find his mother.You seem as if? as though you have known he is coming back.连接代词who, whom, which,

3、whose, what, whatever, whoever主语、宾语、表语、定语I know who you are.Whom you live with is important.The problem is what it is.I know whose book this is.I dont know which pen is mine.连接副词when, where, why, how状语I am wondering where we should go.When she will start is a problem.This is why he respect you.I hav

4、e no idea how we deal with him.考前须知1.掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即Information has been put forward more students will be admitted into universities.A. thatB. whileC. whenD. asHe said that he there for three years.A. has studiedB. had studiedC. studiedD. was studyingCan you tell me?

5、I havent seen you fbr years.A. where have you goneB. where have you beenC. where you have beenD. where you have gone能力提升Text 1(2022黑龙江牡丹江市第三高级中学高一开学考试)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。Environment-friendly ideas have been created to supply people with helpful 1 (tip) on how they can help the envi

6、ronment 2 well as save money. I honestly believe that everyone wants to help the environment, even if they do or do not believe in global warming.With power bills, water bills and all other expenses 3 (continue) to rise, ifs very hard for the average worker. No matter what your 4 (finance) position

7、is, there is always something everyone can do5 (help) save our environment. We are not the only ones that live on this 6 (amaze) planet. We also share it 7 a wide range of strange and wonderful animals. It would be a great tragedy if they8 (be) not around for our future generations to enjoy. Every l

8、ittle bit helps, so please do all 9 you can to protect our environment and the environment of these surprising animals.I hope these environment-friendly ideas can help everyone to do 10(they) bit for the environmentand to make this world a better place.Test 2(2022.黑龙江.哈师大青冈实验中学高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个

9、适当的单词或括号内 单词的正确形式。English is a language 11 (speak) all around the world. There are more than forty two countries in12most of the people speak English. And most native speakers of English 13 (find) in the UK ,the U S , Canada , and many other countries. In total , English is their mother tongue for m

10、ore than 375 million people. An equal (相等的)number of people learn English as 14 second language. However , the number of people who learn English as a foreign language 15 (be) more than 750 million.In only fifty years , English has developed into the language most 16 (wide) spoken and used in the wo

11、rld. Foreign staff in China are not requested 17 (learn) Chinese. Chinese businessmen , taxi drivers and students can talk with them using English.You can listen to English songs 18 the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.With so many people 19 (comm

12、unicate) in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.Believe it or not, English 20 (enrich) our lives since it came to China.Test 3(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔市实验中学高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。Chinas Shenzhou-13 crew members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping a

13、nd Ye Guangfu livestreamed (直播)a science lecture from the countrys space station on December 9, 2021.At the beginning of the class, Wang, the first female astronaut to enter Chinas space station, 21 (give) the students a tour of their living and working areas with the assistance of her two male crew

14、mates. She showed their bedrooms, the toilet, a 22 (full) functional kitchen, the area where they conduct experiments, and their fitness equipment, a spin bike 23 (include).After the tour, they conducted several scientific 24 (demonstrate) under zero-gravity conditions. First, Ye demonstrated experi

15、ments related to the 25 (grow) of cells in the zero- gravity environment in space. Ye and Wang explained 26 astronauts cannot walk in space like they did on the ground and showed how they turn their bodies in the 27 (weight) conditions. 28 team also conducted an experiment to show how lack of gravit

16、y causes loss in buoyancy (浮力).At the end of the class, 29 (satisfy) students9 curiosity, the three astronauts conducted a real time question-and-answer session. The secrets of space and science are boundless, and the future is 30 (you) ”, said Zhai, commander of the Shenzhou-13 mission.第14讲名词性从句定义：

17、在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：I know what you need.The problem is who will help you.名词性从句的分类英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如:Whom we will choose hasnt been decided.He wants to know how he can deal with the problem.This is where he was born.He made a decision that he would donate his money to the poor.名词性从句

18、的连接词名词性从句的连接词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、附属连词。名称成分连接词that, whether, if （是否）无I know that he can succeed.He wonder whether/ if we can help him when he is in danger.The kid was crying then because he couldnt find his mother.You seem as if? as though you have known he is coming back.连接代词who, whom, which, whose, what,

19、 whatever, whoever主语、宾语、表语、定语I know who you are.Whom you live with is important.The problem is what it is.I know whose book this is.I dont know which pen is mine.连接副词when, where, why, how状语I am wondering where we should go.When she will start is a problem.This is why he respect you.I have no idea ho

20、w we deal with him.考前须知1 .掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即 主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾)，然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。2 .从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：I dont care who you are.What this is doesnt matter.3 .引导名词性从句的引导词除了 that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。4 .这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)主语从句：1、定义:主语从

21、句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如：Whether youll win the game or not doesnt matterWhoever will attend the meeting must sign your name here.2、主语从句的引导词：附属连词:that, whether;如:That he is a student is true.连接代词:who, what, which;whoever, whatever;如：Whatever he wants is needed by his parents.Which is better is clear.What we

22、should do next is still unknown.连接副词:when, where, how和 why。如：How we should face the hard situation is a problem.That he is a scientist is a fact.【注意】(1)在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if形式主语：一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：It is + 形容词 + that.That he will win the match is certain.= I

23、t is certain that he will win the matchIt is +名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a surprise, a fact, etc.)+ thatIts a fact that we cant go. English is easy to learnIt is + 过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced, believed, etc.)+ thatIt has been suggested tha

24、t much should be done to stop the river from being polluted,有人建议应做更多的工作 阻止河流遭受污染。It appears/ seems that./ It happens that./ It occurred to me that./ It turned out that.It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人t己得这土也址。It doesnt matter that./ It makes no difference thatIt doesnt matter w

25、hether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。(二)表语从句：1 定义:放在连系动词be, look, seem, sound, appear后充当复合句中的表语。如：China is no longer what she used to b已今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。2、表语从句的引导词：附属连词 whether, as if/though, because, why, thato 如：-The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。He looked just as he had looke

26、d ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。Thafs because he didnt understand me 那是因为他没有理解我。(Thats because强调原因)Thats why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That、why.强调结果)It sounds as if somebody is knocking at the door.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever .0:The problem is who we can g

27、et to replace her-That was what she did this morning.连接副词 where, when, how, whyo 如：The problem is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。This place is where I met her for the first time .-This is when he was born-It is why I refused his gift.【注意】(1)在表语从句中只能用whether,不能用if;(2)当连接副词when/where/ why/ how引导表语从句时，可以表示”

28、的时候;的地点;的原因;的方法”;如：That is why he learns.This is how they study maths.在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是reason的时候，后面的表语从句要用that来引导，不能 用why来引导。（三）宾语从句：1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。I know that he is a Chinese.They are talking about what they like .2、宾语从句的引导词：附属连词:that, whether, if;如:I think （that） you should turn to the

29、teacher for helpI dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years连接代词:what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever 等引导，如:She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.Fil just say whatever comes into my mind.连接副词:when, where, why, how等引导。如:Do you know when the ancient Olymp

30、ic Games began?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting3、宾语从句的时态：当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says （that） she works from Monday to Friday4从句是一般现在时）She says （that） she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）She will say （that） she went

31、to Mount Emei in the past.（从句是一般过去时）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示 的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从句是般过去时）He said that he was going to take care of the baby.（从句是过去将来时）The teacher told the kids that the earth goes around the sun.（从句是一

32、般现在时）【注意】（1）whether和if引导名词性从句的区别：whether可以引导4种名词性从句;if只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句；whether引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而if那么不能。如：They are talking about whether she will win the game.whether后面可以跟不定式，if那么不能。如：I don!t know whether to visit him at this moment whether.or not 结构中，不能用 if。如：I dont know whether he will stay here or n

33、ot next time.(2)当doubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否认句时，doubt后面的宾语从句要用that引导;如果主句是 肯定句时，doubt后面的宾语从句要用whether或if来引导。如：I doubt whether he can help me.They dont doubt that he can succeed.引导宾语从句的引导词that 一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句 时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。如：I believe (that) you can study hard and that you can

34、 make progress in your study in Senior middle school当that引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用it做形式宾语，而把that引导的宾语从句放 到后面。常这样用的动词有feel/think/make/considel等。如：I feel it easy that a student master the English language.Schools make it a rule that students should go to school on time.(5)当动词think, suppose, expect, belie

35、ve, imagine后面的宾语从句如果是否认句的时候，要把宾语从句 中的否认词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否认式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you .We dont believe he will come.(6)当主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine,而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时， 变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句局部的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如：I think he is from Russia, isnt he?We don*t believe she can succeed

36、, can she?(7)当主句的谓语动词是 think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine 等词时,对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时: 要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如：Who do you think you are ?Where do you suppose he is from?（四）同位语从句1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位 语从句的抽象名词有fact, news, idea,truth,hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, p

37、romise, question, doubt 等。如：I came up with an idea that I would visit my former teacher.He has the doubt whether he can succeed.2、同位语从句的引导词：附属连词:that, whether;如：He put forward the question whether they should start at once-1 know the fact that he is a doctor连接代词:what, who, whose, what, which 等引导。如：I

38、 have no idea whose book it is .That is a problem which skirt I should buy.连接副词:when, where, why, how等引导。如：I have a question why he didnt come here yesterday.-They had no idea where they would work.3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an

39、arrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。 Word came that our team had won the game.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟 语气,即“should +动词原形，should可省略。如：The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary,每个人都应尽力来美化 校园的建议是有必要的。*同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从

40、句定语从句功能不同对抽象名词的解释说明修饰或限制某一名词或代词that是附属连词;只起连接作用;在同位语从句中不作成分;不可省略是关系代词，起连接作用;在定语从句中作主语或宾语：并日作从句的宾语时可省略前面的名词同位语从句前面的名词只能是抽定语从句前面的名词可以是表示具体的人或物的名词象名词或者是抽象名词The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that 不可省略）The news （that） he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，可省略）检

41、测训练基础过关单项选择1. You now know an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun.A. howB. whatC. whyD. which【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：你们现在已经知道一个不带武器的人怎样对付一个手持步枪的人。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句子 an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun跟在动词know后面充当宾语，所以这是一个宾语从句；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句谓语动词do缺少宾语，所以要 用连接代词，且设空处指事情，所以要用what引导。应选B

42、项。2. We promise that attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever【答案】c【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们承诺，无论谁参加聚会都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。分析句子 结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，排除B项和D项。结合句意，who表示特指，此处 表示泛指，应用whoever=anyone who“无论谁”引导。应选C项。3. As a new comer to the cit

43、y, I have great interest in discovering the city is like and have visited some ofthe popular places recently.A. howB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一个新到这个城市的人，我有很大的兴趣去发现这个城市是什么样子 的，最近我参观了一些受欢迎的地方。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作介词like的宾语，应用what引 导，指代“这个城市是什么样子的:应选B。4. When I was a little boy, the dinner o

44、n the eve of Spring Festival was I looked forward to most.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。was后是表语从句，从句 中缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代“我最期待的东西: 应选B。5. . The exact year Lucia and her family spent together in China was the Beijing OlympicGames was held.A. which; whereB. wh

45、en; whenC. which; whenD. when; that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的 那一年。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是year,指物，从句中的spent缺少宾语，应用关系代词 which/that引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句需要时间状语，应用when引导。综上，应选C。6. 一Mary, could you please tell me?一I have no idea. She has been sad like this for a while.A. what Linda happened

46、B. why Linda unhappyC. what happened to LindaD. why was Linda unhappy【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：玛丽，你能告诉我琳达发生什么了吗？一一我不知道，她像这样伤心 一段时间了。动词后是宾语从句，用陈述语序，可以排除D, B项没有be动词，表示某人发生什么用happen to somebody,可以排除A。应选C。7. He is confident he will make great progress if he pays attention to his study.A. ofB. aboutC. thatD. in

47、【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他相信，如果他注意学习，他会取得很大的进步。A. of的；B.about关 于；C that宾语从句的引导词，无意义，可省略；D.in在里面。分析句子结构可知，这是一个含从句的 复合句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整。应选C项。8. , Could you tell me we can start a conversation with a foreigner?Talking about weather is agood choice.主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾)，然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。2 .从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：I dont care who you are.What this is doesnt matter.3 .引导名词性从句的引导词除了 that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。4 .这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)主语从句：1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如：Whether youll win the game or not doesnt mat