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1、思索题8-1在实际工程中哪些构件中有扭矩作用?答:框架边梁、雨篷梁8-2矩形截面纯扭构件从加荷直至破坏的过程分哪几个阶段?各有什么特点?答:试件开裂前:性能符合弹性扭转理论,钢筋应力很小,扭矩一一扭转角之间呈线性关 系。初始裂缝发生在截面长边的中点四周,其方向与构件呈45度角,此裂缝在后来的加 载中向两端进展成螺旋状,并仍与构件呈45度,同时消失很多新的螺旋形裂缝。长边的裂缝方向与构件轴线基本上呈45度角,而短边的裂缝方向那么较为不规章些。开裂后,试件的抗扭刚度大幅下降,扭矩一一扭转角曲线消失明显的转折。在开裂后 的试件中,混凝土受压,纵筋和箍筋那么均应受拉,形成了新的受力机制。随着扭矩的连续
2、增 加,此受力机制基本保持不变,而混凝土和钢筋的应力那么不断增加,直至试件破坏。8-3矩形截面纯扭构件的裂缝与同一构件的剪切裂缝有哪些相同点和不同点?答:相同点:都会消失与构件轴线有夹角的斜裂缝。不同点:纯扭构件会产生一些螺旋形裂缝,而受剪切不会。8-4矩形截面纯扭构件的裂缝方向与作用扭矩的方向有什么对应关系?答:纯扭裂向底部进展的方向与作用扭矩的方向全都。8-5纯扭构件的破坏形态和破坏特征是什么?答:纵筋和箍筋的配置量适中时,纵筋和箍筋首先到达屈服强度,然后混凝土被压碎而破坏。 这种试件呈现较好的延性。纵筋较少、箍筋较多时,破坏时纵筋屈服而箍筋不屈服。反之,箍筋屈服而纵筋不屈服。 这两种构件
3、称为超配筋构件。纵筋、箍筋均配得很多时,破坏时二者均不屈服。构件的破坏始于混凝土的压坏,属脆 性破坏。纵筋和箍筋均配得较少时,一旦裂缝消失,构件随即破坏。8-6什么是平衡扭转?什么是协调扭转?试举出各自的实际例子。答:当构件所受扭矩大小与该构件的扭转刚度无关时,相应的扭转就称为平衡扭转,如雨 篷梁。当构件所受扭矩的大小取决于该构件的扭转刚度时,相应的扭转就称为协调扭转,如 框架边梁。8-7矩形截面受扭塑形对抗矩小是如何导出的?对T形和I形截面如何计算?答:矩形截面:Wt = (3/i - b);对于T形、I形截面h2, hf ,hf%卬=7(3八-=爹(b厂= y- b);那么 T 形截面:t
4、=Wtw + Wtf;I 形截面:+ Wtf + Wtfo8-8什么是配筋强度比?配筋强度比的范围为什么要加以限制?配筋强度比不同时对破坏形 式有何影响?(2)抗剪钢筋v = 0.7C1.5 -0)/加 +1.25 fyv A/ %/ s = 0.088 mm,取 =2, A. / s = 0.044 mm J yD r 1抗弯钢筋fcbx = fyAsM = fyA,Sh0x/2)解之得 As = 494 mm2 ,x = 55.6mm(4)总的纵筋和箍筋用量1)顶部纵筋:203.5/3 = 67.8mm2,中部纵筋:203.5/3 = 67.8mm2底部纵筋:67.8加加+494 = 56
5、1.8mm22)验算A . = 0.002Z?/z = 2QQmm2,0.45bh = 183利加、满意条件 / J yA,min = O-6V %、bh = 204加机2,取 As = 204mm2A% = %*(0.185 + 0.044) = 1.832xl(r3 Q28% =0.00148-10矩形截面纯扭构件,截面尺寸及配筋如图8-27所示,混凝土采纳C30级(/. =14.3N/m/J =L43N/小利之),纵筋采纳6根直径为16相%的HI级钢筋(fv =400/加/),箍筋采纳级钢(& =270N/mm2).求此构件所能承受的最大扭矩值.练习题8-10解:b27,依据题意得,Wz
6、 =(3/2-/?) = 2.96X10746A t = 1205 ,8勿2, a = 78.5沙%2, a =165000 mm?= 1700mmOI 1C C/rC C/rAJbs = 2*78.5/(350*100) = 4.5xlO3 0.28=1.5xW3“ = 5.7x10-30.85%=3.0x1 O-3.。=办4/=1.339 0.28= 1.32 x IO-3;bsfyv“stl- = 4.105 x 10bh 0.85,= 3.60 x 10-3;fyAstlSb2= =1458,= (3/i 一 b) = 1.8 x 107mm2;f ypAstlcor6Tu = 0.3
7、5ftWt + 1.2幕y” = 2.275 x 107mm T = 4.94kN、m,可以验算是否按计算配筋07人=6.68kNm T,故不需按计算配筋按构造配筋纵筋配606配箍06150。8-3钢筋混凝土弯扭构件,截面尺寸为b x h = 200mm x 400mm,弯矩值M=55kN m, 扭矩值 T=9kN - m,采纳 C25 级混凝土 (fc = llN/mm2fft = 1.27N/mm2)9 箍筋用 J 级(/yv = 270/V/mm2),纵筋用H级(册=300可/租租2),是计算其配筋。解:计算抗弯纵向钢筋:f cbx fyAsM = fcbx(ho - 0.5%)ho =
8、 h-35 = 365mm x = 70.03mm 解得 4 = 555.57mm2计算抗扭钢筋:b2Wt = (3/i -b) = 6.67 x 106mm26 0 2%九=15.87kNm T = 9kNm,可以,0.7%小=5.93kNm =0.3548mm采纳。6, Asti = 28.27mm2, s = 79.68mm 故可取6702Astlftpst = = 4.039 x IO-3 0.28= 1.317 X 10-3可以 DSJ yvucor = lOOOnun 那么 4 =yvcor 4stify S=363.47mm2顶部纵筋截面积= 121.16mm2中部纵筋截面积=1
9、21.16根m21 o底部纵筋截面积=毅Sa + 4 = 676.73mm2箍筋用量= 0.3548mmASfmin= 160mm2 AS 可以 故顶部中部纵筋配2010,底部纵筋配4016,箍筋配。670。8-4某构件截面尺寸为b xh = 250mm x 600mm,经计算求得作用于其上的弯矩值 M=142kN -m,扭矩值T=12kN -m,采纳 C3O 级混凝土 (/c = 14.3N/mm2/t = 1.43/V/mm2),箍筋用I级(fyu = 27UN/mm2),纵筋用H级(册=30/加机2),是计算其配筋(剪力主 要由均布荷载产生)。解:房73Wt = (3/i - b) =
10、1.64 x 107mm3,h()= h - 35 = 565mm6y T验算截面限制条件:既+ *=1.616N/m?n2 67ft = 1.001/V/mm2故需计算配置剪扭钢筋,计算抗扭钢筋:1.59Bt =1.026 1.0,故取命=L0,取己=l.O/cd= 11000巾相2V W i 1 + 0.5-1 brio=0.1100mmyvstlcor ”slT = 0.35/W + 1.2Vs采纳。6配筋,s=257mm,可取0620024tlftpst = t= 1.131 x IO-3 0.28= 1.483 x IO-3bsfyv, L 4stl故取 = 0.18546小,可取0
11、6100uCOr - 1500zmn那么4 =uCOr - 1500zmn那么4 =yvcor 4stify s=381.64mm2计算抗剪箍筋:44A i由V = 0.7(1.5 -凡)先帅0 + l.25/y月九)得? = 0.1379mm取两支箍子=0.069mm 计算抗弯纵向钢筋:, fcbx = fyAs( x = 75.32mmM = fcbx(ho - 0.5%)解得(4s 897.56mm21 Q顶部纵筋截面积=sti = 127.21mm2中部纵筋截面积=127.21根m2底部纵筋截面积=9s” + 4 = 1024.77mm2箍筋用量=r+= 0.2544mm验算最小配筋率
12、:ft4 . = 0.002b/i = 300mm2,0.45b/i = 321.75mm2 As = 897.56mm2 JyT fto stl,min990.60.6,八 u bh = 301.78mm,-= 100.6mm2 0.28= 1.48 x IO-3bsfyv都满意要求配筋:顶部中部纵筋配2。10,底部纵筋配4020,箍筋配。8175。8-5某均布荷载作用下的弯剪扭构件,截面为T形,尺寸为 bf = 400mmfhf = 80mmfb = 200mfh = 450mm,其配筋图如下图,构件所承受的弯矩值 M=54kN m ,剪力值 V=42kN ,扭矩值 T=8kN m 0混
13、凝土为 C20 级 (fc = 9.6N/mm2fft = 1.10/V/mm2),钢筋为 I 级钢=270/7/67?, % = 270/V/mm2),验算截面是否能承受上述给定的内力(4=35小租)。4(M)2 4 10练习题8-5图,后,Wtf = (by - b) = 6.4 x 105mm3 乙,后,Wtf = (by - b) = 6.4 x 105mm3 乙解:b2= (3h - b) = 7.67 x 106mm3, 6Wt = Wtw + Wtf = 8.31 x 106mm3计算M:/s = 3x81xtt 2x25xtt = 606.33mm2fyAs = 163709.
14、1/V arfcbfhf = 307200N,故为第一类T形截面又Pmmbh AS M,可以f yAstlSAsn = 314.16mm2= 1.7 得svi = 7 = 25.20mm2J yvcorSAsul = 3.07mmzfAsv = 24s 皿=6.14mm2假定用=IQ vc = 0.7(1.5 - Bjftbh。= 31.95kNfTc = 035ftWtw = 2.95kNm所以九=九 + 1.25/yvho = 37.68kN VfTu = TC+ I?: = 7e8fc/V-m T 所以截面不能承受给定内力。8-6钢筋混凝土剪扭构件,截面尺寸bxh = 250mm x 5
15、00mm,截面上作用的剪力值V=80kN,扭矩值 T=8kN - m,采纳 C30 级混凝土(九=14.3/V/mm2/t = 1.43/V/mm2), I 级钢筋(/y“ = 27N/nwi2,fy=270N/mm2试计算能够承受上述内力的配筋(剪力主要 由均布荷载引起)。解:b2Wt = (3h b)= 1.302 x 107mm3,fl。= h- 35 = 465mm 6验算截面限制条件:高+焉;=l.456N/nW 67ft = 1.001/V/mm2故需计算配置剪扭钢筋,计算抗扭钢筋:1.5Bt =VW= 0962 取 W = 1.0,Acor = 90000mm2 M0r = 13
16、00mm1 + 0.5 TbhQf-f yvstlcor 4s1oT = 0.35ftWt + 12遥=0.0509巾叫得人以=66.3mm2SS抗剪:44A iV = 0.7(1.5 - Bt)ftbhu + 1.25%e%得T = 0.109mm取两支箍子=0.055mm验算:Asti,min = 0.6j藤b/i = 251mm24suhs=8.48 X 10-4 0.28- = L4 X 10-3J yv所以 4 = 2 51mm2,0.371mm配筋:顶部中部纵筋配408,底部纵筋配208,箍筋配。6150。8-7钢筋混凝土弯扭构件,截面尺寸 b义拉=200mmx 400mm ,作用
17、于其上的弯矩值 =54左从加,扭矩值7 = 9.747加,混凝土采纳C20级(fc = 9.6N / mm2, ft = l.lON/zw?2 ),1 级钢筋 (/; =270N/mm2,/, =270N/m/),酉己筋如图 8.25 所示,使验算该构件能否承受上述内力(=35mm).解: 依据题意得,A, =942 157 =785 mm 2,人 =4*157 = 628 mm?785*270 = 200*x*9.6 :.x = U0Ammh =0.568,部队 =207 mm Mu =785 * 270*(365 -H0A/2) = 65.7kN-mM=54kN-m叱=2002 /(6 *
18、 (3 * 400 - 200) = 6.67 x 106mm3.0.2/3cfcWt =12*kNm0.7力叫=5.1 x 1()6 n mm o.85*/;/v =3.46x10-3=50.3标 A/加= 5.03x10-3 0.28*/f =1.14xl0-3 ofiz oiji j yvG = AAsM” = L248Tu = 0.35ftWt +1.2立人a“4 Is = 12.1kNmT = 9.7左7Vm可以承受上述内力8-8 一 I形截面混凝土纯扭构件,截面尺寸如图8-26所示,承受扭矩值T = 8.5ZM内混凝土采 纳 C20 级(/、=9.6N/加力=i.iO7V/2 ),
19、1 级钢筋(/v=270A/W , 4,=270N/加耐)。试计算腹板,受压翼缘和受拉翼缘各承受扭矩多少?并计算腹板所需的抗扭箍筋和纵筋。练习题8-8图解:依据题意得,A2腹板叱卬=一(3 )= 5.06xK)6m加3 6 ,h2受压翼缘 W,=(b/ - b) = 1.8 x 106 frun3h2f八 Q受拉翼缘. = (bf -/?) = 1.08 x106/7w?叱=U+叱f+% =7.94x106 加%30.2fcWt=l5.2kN-m,0JWtft =6AkN-m需要计算配筋腹板,受压,受压翼缘承受的扭矩分别为:,=(叱3 叱)*7 = 5.42 攵=193kN.n%Tf=L15k
20、Nm腹板:取G = 1Q 4” = 100* 450 = 45000 mm24s =(, 一0.35/)/(1.2痣&A.) = 0.238mm取。6, A = 28.27 inm2,5 = A , / 0.238 = 119 mm取。6 100 (经检验,满意最小配筋)A/z = (/Ms,)*(Azi /s) = 261.8/W取 6。8(4 = 301.8mm2)受压翼缘:取G = 1。4“ = 70 * 200 = 14000 mm?A. / s =0.35力%)/(1.2正44)=0.273mm与腹板同取。6100,同理,满意最小配筋X (不/ 力)*(41 / s) = 92.82
21、mm2取4。6(4 =113刃帆之)受拉翼缘:取G = l.0,45 =70*100 = 7000小勿2/s = (Tf -035ftWtf)/(1.2yfyvAcor) = 0.324mm取。8 100 (经检验,满意最小配筋)A”二(不,也“ / 力)* (Astl /s) = 110.2mm2取 406(4 =113m/%2)8-9 一钢筋混凝土框架纵向边梁,梁上承受均布荷载,截面尺寸Z?x/z = 250加x400帆加,经 内力计算,支座处截面承受扭矩值T = 8左N 也弯矩值W = 45 kN-m(截面上边受拉)及剪力 值V = 46ZN,混凝土采纳C20级(力.=9.6N/m/ =lion/l2),钢筋采纳级(.A =270N/m/”270N/mm2).试按弯剪扭构件计算该截面配筋,并画出截面配筋图.解:b26.依据题意得, =365加加,叱(3/?-Z?) = 9.9xl06mm3 6%+%8叱%+%8叱= 54N/mm2 0.7*1.1 = 0.77N/nm2故需要计算配筋抗扭钢筋=1.141。取q=1.0:取 G = 1.0,4“ = 200 * 350 = 70000 mm24 s = (T - 0.35%) /(L2 痣&A,”)= 0.185mm4 =(41 / s) = 203.5%加
限制150内