2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步培优Unit 1 Section Ⅳ 写作指导.docx

《2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步培优Unit 1 Section Ⅳ 写作指导.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步培优Unit 1 Section Ⅳ 写作指导.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unit 1 Section IV夯基提能作业I .阅读理解Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.W

2、hile household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later

3、this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do t

4、hings such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots

5、 is one company bringing social robots to the market. The companys “OshbotTobot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different ite

6、ms based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but

7、with us, “ said Breazeal.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是未来几年里，社交机器人将在日常生活中 变得更为普遍，应用范围也会变得更广。1. How are social robots different from household robots? BA. They can control their emotions.B , They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D They respond to users more slowly.解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的“social

8、robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.以及“For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.”可知，社会机器人更像人，比方这些机器人能够分辨人的心情是高 兴还是悲伤。应选B。2. What can the Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3? DA. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answer yo

9、ur questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.和It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member t

10、o take medicine or taking family photos.”可知，这个机器人可以听你的指令，提醒家 庭成员吃药或拍照。应选Do3. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will B .A. train employeesB be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段 Breazeal 的话“We have technologies to train social robots

11、to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。应选B。4. What does the passage mainly present? DA. A new design idea of household robots.B. Marketing strategies for social robots.C. Information on household robots.D. An introduction to social robots.解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故 选D

12、。H.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Ways to Save TimeWe all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring-clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.1.

13、 F But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.Get Out of Bed EarlierIf you normally get up at 7:30 a.m., try getting up at 7:00 a.m. That half-hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book youve been meaning to

14、finish.2. GDo the Important Tasks FirstOnce you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.3. D The urgent tasks will still get done,

15、 and you wont miss the important ones.Reduce InterruptionsIf colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing, you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter.Constant interruptions dont just eat up time, t

16、hey also break your concentration.When youve got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voice mail.4. C Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.5. AA few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time ov

17、er the course of a day.When youre working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit.And if youre facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that its easier to deal with.A. Stay Focused on Your WorkB. T

18、ake Breaks When NecessaryC. If you have an office door, close it.D. If you work like this, youll usually save time.E. Would you want me to make your day longer?F. I cant magically make all your days 25 hours long.G. Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何节约

19、时间，比方早起，首先做重要的 事情，减少中断和专心工作等。解析：1 .根据后文“But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.（但是我能帮你找到更多的时间做那些重要的事情。）可知前后句之间为转折关系。所 以空处应为：我不能魔术般地让你的一天变成25个小时。应选F。2 .根据前文“to exercise, to read that book（去锻炼，去阅读）可知，或者沉着有组织地开始你的一天。应选G。3 .本段的主旨是“Do the Important Tasks First” （

20、首先要做重要的事情），再结合后文中的 “The urgent tasks will still get done, and you wont miss the important ones.（急事会得至U解决， 你也不会错过重要的事情。）可知如果你这样做的话，就会节约时间。应选D。4 . 根据下句“Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.（戴上耳机人们就不太可能会设法开始一段对话。）可知如果你的办公室有门， 请关上它。应选C。5 .根据下文“When you

21、re working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break”（当 你工作的时候，如果你走神了，就适当休息一会儿）可知“集中你的注意力在工作上”作为 标题最合适。应选Ao川.完形填空Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers.Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, 1. B ones risk of

22、 developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of premature（早于预期的）death, among many other 2. C. Now it is said that a cup of 3. D reduces physical pain.The surprising finding is 4. A a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed

23、to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work.The tasks were known to 5. A pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists.The researchers wanted to 6. B how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated（忍受）the pain of such tasks.As a matter of convenience, the

24、 scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid 7. A effects of caffeine lack, e. g.decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustionv , they reported.When it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norways National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo Universi

25、ty Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a 8. A intensityG虽度）of pain than the 29 people who didnt.In the shoulders and neck, 9. C the average pain was rated 41 （on a 100-point scale） among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers.Similar gaps were found for all

26、pain sites measured, and coffees obvious pain-reduction effect 10. A .However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many 11. B .For starters, the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drink

27、ers consumed（消耗）before taking the computer tests. 12. A , they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were 13. B in all aspects except for their coffee consumption.Problems like these tend to 14. D the importance of the findings.But those doubts are 15. A to trouble the coffee dri

28、nkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低 患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险， 还有许多其他好处。文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说 研究仍有许多不确定性。1. A. takeB. reduceC. increaseD. face解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，减 少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，

29、预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险， 还有许多其他好处。A. take带走；B.reduce减少；C. increase增加；D. face面对。结合 下文 promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of premature（早于预期的）death”可知是这种饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风 险。应选BoB. advice2. A. trendsC. benefitsD. promotions解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.

30、 trends趋势；B. advice建议；C. benefits 好处；D. promotions 升职。 结合上文 upromote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of premature（早于预期的）death v 可知是这种饮料的优 点、好处。应选C。3. A. milkB. waterC. cokeD. coffee解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A. milk牛 奶；B. water 水；C. coke 可乐

31、；D. coffee 咖啡。根据上文Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers.XT 知是咖啡。应选 D。4. A. based onB. fond ofC. different fromD. regarded as解析：考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项48名志愿者参与的研 究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A. based on基于；B. fond of喜 欢；C. different from 不同于；D. regarded as 认为是。结合下文“a study involv

32、ing 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work”可知此处 指这项发现是基于一项研究。应选A。5. A. causeB. indicateC. easeD. relieve解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A. cause 造成；B. indicate 说明；C. ease 缓解；D. relieve 解除。结合下文“pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and w

33、rists”可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。应选A。6. A. warnB. compareC. cureD. treat解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员想要比拟有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的 人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A. warn警告；B. compare比拟；C,cure治愈；D.treat 对待。结合下文 “how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated（忍受）the pain of such tasks可知是将有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人进行比拟。应选B。7. A. unpleasan

34、tB. modestC. significantD. positive解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡， “以防止咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫”。A. unpleasant不愉快的； B. modest 谦虚的；C. significant 意义重大的；D. positive 积极的。结合下文“decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion”可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects “不 良影响”。应选A。8. A. lowerB. higherC. short

35、erD. longer解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的 研究人员注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。 A. lower更低的；B. higher更高的;C. shorter更短的;D.longer更长的。结合下文uaverage pain was rated 41 （on a 100-point scale） among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。应选A。9. A. in

36、 additionB. as a resultC for exampleD. in one word解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为 41分（总分值100分）,而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A. in addition此外；B. as a result结果；C. for example例如；D. in one word总之。结合上文可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和 手腕，此处只列举了肩部和颈部。应选C。10. A. turned upB. took upC put upD . gave up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位中都发现了

37、类似的差异，结果 发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A.turned up出现；B. took up接受；C. put up提供；D. gave up放弃。结合上文可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果。应选A。11. A. satisfactionB. uncertaintiesC. attentionD. response解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在BMC Researc/z杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A . satisfaction满足； B. uncertainties 不确定性；C. attention 注意；D. response 响应。结合

38、下文 For starters, the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed（消耗）before taking the computer tests.可知研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项 研究的结果存在许多不确定性。应选B。12. A. MoreoverB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless解析：考查副词辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外, 其他各方面是否相似。A. Moreover此外；B.However

39、然而；C.Otherwise否那么；D.Nevertheless 然而。此处承接上文 “For starters, the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed（消耗）before taking the computer tests.v 表示进一步说明，应选 A。13. A. guiltyB. similarC. differentD. proper解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. guilty内疚的；B.similar相似的；C.different 不同的；D. proper 适当的。结

40、合下文“in all aspects except for their coffee consumption”可知 喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。应选Bo14. A. realizeB. observeC. measureD. weaken解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize 意识到；B. observe 观察；C. measure 测量；D. weaken 削弱。根据上文“Problems like these” 可知上文提到的类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度。应选Do15. A. unli

41、kelyB. orderlyC. jealousD. capable解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些疑虑不可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日 常咖啡因摄入的咖啡饮用者。A.unlikely不可能的；B. orderly有序的；C.jealous嫉妒的； D. capable 有能力的。结合下文“trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit”可知这些疑虑不可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因摄 入的咖啡饮用者。应选A。W.语法填空阅读下面短文

42、，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Acupuncture (针灸)is a traditional Chinese medical practice of treating 1. varivus/varied (vary) physical and mental conditions.lt gained respect and interest in the United States after The New York Times journalist James Reston visited China with President Nixon and needed a

43、n operation.Chinese doctors used acupuncture on Reston after surgery 2. _to reduce (reduce) his pain, and his recovery was swift.Curious about this, Reston 3. was allowed (allow) to watch surgery on patients 4. who/that received acupuncture for anesthesia (麻醉).Patients talked with their doctors duri

44、ng the operation and then walked back to their rooms 5. or their own.The effectiveness of acupuncture left Reston such a deep impression that he wrote a front-page article in The New York Times about his operation 6. immediately(immediate) after he returned to the United States. A leading medical sp

45、ecialist sent by Premier Chou En-lai 7. removed (remove) my appendix (I阑尾).I was conscious in 8. the whole process.”The National Institutes of Health (NIH) began to sponsor some of their top physicians to visit China to investigate acupuncture and its possible 9 functions (function) in western medic

46、ine.With years 10. going (go) by, acupuncture has earned itself a great reputation across the world with magical effect.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国的针灸治疗在美国及西方国家的开展。解析：1 .考查形容词。所填词作定语，修饰名词短语physical and mental conditions,用形容 词。故填 various/varied。2 .考查非谓语动词。所填词作目的状语，所以填动词不定式。故填to reduce。3 .考查时态和语态。所填词作谓语，陈述的

47、是过去的事情，主语Reston与allow之间是被动关系，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数形式。故填wasallowed。4 .考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词patients并在从句中作主 语。故填 who/that。5 .考查介词。on ones own独立地，是固定短语。故填on。6 .考查副词。修饰动词wrote,用副词。故填immediately。7 .考查时态。所填词作谓语，陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填removed。8 .考查冠词。特指那个手术的整个过程。故填the。9 .考查名词的数。function是可数名词，此处指不止一种作用，应该用

48、复数形式。故 填 functions o10 .考查非谓语动词。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，years与g。之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作宾补。故填going。V.应用文写作目前我国已有多家机器人餐厅，请你就此以“Robot Waiters in Restaurants”为题给报社写 一篇英语短文，介绍机器人餐厅的优点，要点如下：1 .机器人可以烹饪、送餐、引路；2 .可以吸引顾客，尤其是年轻的顾客；3 .可以减少雇员，降低本钱。注意：1.2.So词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数; 内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。Robot Waiters in Restaurantsfar many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters, which is a big hit with customers.参考范文：Robot Waiters in RestaurantsSo far many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters, which is a big hit with customers. Its not only because of