中考复习7——被动语态.ppt

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1、被动语态被动语态The passive voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。be + Vp.p(动词的过去分词）动词的过去分词）1)be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化变化am/ is / are + V(过去分词）过去分词）was/ were+ V(过去分词）

2、过去分词）will be + V(过去分词）过去分词）情态动词情态动词+ be + V (过去分词）过去分词）1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop

3、-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogoneHe plants trees in spring. 主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted byhim改为被动语态in spring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键关键。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom

4、tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (b

5、y them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词 They will give me two books tomorrow . 主 谓 宾 I will be given two books by them tomorrow. 一般将来时态： will+ be +过去分词3Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成

6、 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：You are invited to do this.2）一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在一般现在时时V(原形原形)/ V(e)sam/is/are +Vpp一般过去一般过去时时V-ed/ madewas/were +Vpp一般将来一般将来时时w

7、ill +V(原形原形) will+ be +Vpp含情态动含情态动词词情态动词情态动词+ V(原形原形)情态动词情态动词+ be +Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +P.PS+was/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + bee

8、n+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P. 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：

9、 It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was bo

10、rn in October，1989 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told he

11、r to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant man

12、y trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to u

13、s10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a

14、day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students study German in this school.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them1)Teenagers should _ (allow) to go out a

15、t night.2)The telephone _ (invent) by Bell.3) English _ (speak) in China.4) The car _ (make) in China.5) The room must _ (clean) every day. be allowedwas inventedis spoken is madebe cleaned( ) The flowers _ every day,or theyll die.A must water B can be wateredC should water D must be watered( ) Many

16、 computers will _ to our school.A be bring B be brought C bring4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + be

17、ing +过去分词过去分词6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词1.Bikes are made of metal.2.My shirt is bo

18、ught by my mother.3.The bridge was built in 1951.4.The work will be finished tomorrow.5.Teenagers should be allowed to smoke6.The flowers must be watered every day.A recorder is used in our English class every day. use for playoftenFootball is played all over the world.A camera is used for taking ph

19、otos.rob yesterdaysend uplast yearA man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.A bank was robbed yesterday.must plantcover within a few years timeThe tree must be planted on the ground.The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. send toright nowa talk give soonThey will be se

20、nt to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon.digThe earth is being dug now.eat up alreadyThe food has been eaten up already.Football is played all over the world.A camera is used for taking photos.A bank was robbed yesterday. A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year. Look and

21、find out the similarities (相同点相同点):The tree must be planted on the ground. The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. They will be sent to the hospital right now. A talk will be given soon. The earth is being dug now. The food has been eaten up already.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或

22、者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时, 或或者只需强调动作的承受者时者只需强调动作的承受者时, 要用被动要用被动语态语态。被动语态：被动语态：主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者 。被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.Conclusion: (一一)一般现在时一般现在时 amis are + vt.p.p.一般过去时一般过去时 waswere +vt.p.p. 情态动词情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay+ be + vt.p.p.)现在进行时现在进行时 be(am、is、are)+being +vt.p.p.一般将来时一般将

23、来时 will bebe going to be + vt.p.p.现在完成时现在完成时 havehas +been+ vt.p.p.Turn the following sentences into the passive voice:1. Many people speak English. 2. He bought me a new bike yesterday. English is spoken by many people.I was bought a new bike yesterday.A new bike was bought for me yesterday.3. The

24、boss made him do the heavy work in the old days. 4. Tom must hand in the composition after class. 5. The rain stopped. 6. The soup tastes delicious.He was made to do the heavy work in the old days. The composition must be handed in after class.主动语态如何改成被动语态？主动语态如何改成被动语态？1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。主动语态的宾语改成被

25、动语态的主语。2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。谓语动词。dobe done3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。注意保持时态和人称的一致。 Conclusion: (二二)4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词须加适当的介词: to for. 如如: givebe given to 此类动词还有此类动词还有: pass show send 再如再如: buybe bought for 此类动词还此类动词还有有: make draw cook m

26、end变被动语态的特殊情况变被动语态的特殊情况 一、双宾语一、双宾语buy/make sb sth=buy/make sth for sbgive sb sth =give sth to sb1.My father bought me a computer.A computer was bought for me by my father.I was bought a computer by my father.2.He gives me a book.A book is given to me by him.I am given a book by himSth+be+ 过去分词过去分词+

27、for/to sb+ by sb.Sb + be+ 过去分词过去分词 sth + by sb二、无二、无toto不定式不定式 一感一感 二听二听 三让三让 四看四看feellisten to.hearlet.have.makewatch. see.look at. notice变为被动时加上变为被动时加上toeg. We often see him play basketball.He is often seen to play basketball by us.The boss made the children work for long.The children were made to

28、 workwere made to work for long by the boss.三、注意动词短语的三、注意动词短语的 常考到的动词短语有常考到的动词短语有完整性完整性 take care of look after listen to speak toeg. 1.We should speak to the old politely.The old should be spoken tobe spoken to politely.2. The nurse takes good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care ofis taken

29、 good care of by the nurse.5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语作宾语补足语, 改成被动语态时改成被动语态时, to必必须还原须还原。 注注: 1. 不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.) 不用被动语态不用被动语态。如如:happen、take place 、appear、disappeare.g. A traffic accident _ (happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词(Link.v.)不用被动语态不用被动语态。如。如: be、look、seem、feel、sound、smell、t

30、aste、get、turn、become e.g. Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态 。 e.g. The pen _ (write) very fast. This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.soundswritessellsMultiple Choice:1. If the work _, you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be fin

31、ished D. is finished2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayedDB3. Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbi

32、sh _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throwBC5. I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden6. I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too. You mean if Tom comes, youll come. A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is

33、 invitedAD7. Everyone who heard Mr. Greens story _ it. A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at8. The children must _. A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care ofDA9. The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown while he was away. A. happens B

34、. happened C. will happen D. was happened 10. I saw you were on foot this morning. Yes. My bike _. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending BB Fill in the blanks using right forms:1. All the students _ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Are many ways _ (try) to s

35、top people from cutting down so many trees?3. What are on show in the museum? Some photos _ (take) by American children.were asked triedtaken4. This coat _ (wash) well. 5. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely? 6. Im often _ (警告）警告）not to copy others homework. 7. He couldnt explain why dinosaurs

36、 _ (消失消失). washesbe spokenwarneddisappeared8. Ill have my bike _ (修理修理) tomorrow. 9. Have you found your necklace _ (偷偷) last week? 10. The PRC was _ (成立成立) on October 1, 1949.mended/repairedstolenfoundedMake dialogues or short passages accroding to the following information(using the passive voice

37、as much as possible)：what when where 1. dialogueTopic:2. passageTo make our school more beautiful, what things must /mustnt be done?must: pick up throw collect plant grow mustnt: throw draw use spit cut down Reading comprehension: Now scientists are trying to turn deserts into good land again. They

38、want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow food there. However, more and more land is becoming the deserts. Why is this happening? There are two reasonsland and wood. In many places the trees have been cut down because the land was needed for people. In other parts, the trees ar

39、e cut down because their wood is wanted. But many people dont know that in most places the trees wont be replaced（取代）（取代）. The soil in the forests is very thin, but it is protected by the trees. When the trees are cut down, the soil is washed away by the rain or blown away by the wind. Soon nothing

40、can grow on it. The land becomes a desert. Who is to blame（应负责、责备）（应负责、责备）for this? The answer is easy: all of us. There are just too many people in the world. The worlds population is now six billion. You might say: We dont cut down trees. Yes, but just look around. Youre probably using its product

41、s（产（产品）品）right now. ( ) 1. Scientists are trying to bring _ to the deserts. A. food B. planes C. water D. animals( ) 2. The _ are important to protect the soil. A. rain B. trees C. land D. woodCB( ) 3. In most places after the trees are cut down, _. A. they can grow again B. they will disappear fore

42、ver C. new trees can grow better D. new forests will appearB( ) 4. The reason for the bad cycle(循环循环) is that _. A. people need more land to grow food B. wood is needed for building houses C. there are too many rich people on the land D. there are too many people on the earthD A great deal of water

43、is needed in large cities. Some cities pump(抽水）抽水）water from wells. Some cities g_ water from lakes or rivers n_. But some cities have to bring water from lakes or rivers many miles away. Complete the passage:etearbyWater is usually b_ to a city from a place higher than the city itself. When water i

44、s f_ only in the lower place, it must be pumped up to the city. Then it is s_ to each home. Dams(水坝水坝) are often b_ in a river to keep the water from flowing away.roughtoundentuiltThen a new lake is formed. The city knows how much water will be n_ and allows the extra(额外的额外的) water to flow below the

45、 dam. I _ this way, the city stores water for its use. There is usually a b_ near the dam. Much important work is d_ there. For example, the water is tasted before it is piped to the city.eedednuildingoneFill in the blanks with the verbs using right tenses and voices:1. Large numbers of plastic bags

46、 _ (use) in the supermarkets every day. 2. _ our country _(send) up another man-made satellite last year? 3. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely?are usedDidsendbe spoken4. Her grandma was still alive when he _(take) to the hospital. 5. English _ (speak) in many counties, but the Chinese _ (spe

47、ak) their own language. 6. Three quarters of the worlds books _ (write) in English.was takenis spokenspeakare written7. This kind of sweater _ (sell) well. 8. _ Lesson 50 _ (teach) next week?sellsWillbe taught你们学校附近有一个大图书馆，馆你们学校附近有一个大图书馆，馆内有各种各样的书，请你将这个图内有各种各样的书，请你将这个图书馆的要求向你的同学作一介绍，书馆的要求向你的同学作一介绍，以便他们去那儿看书时能遵守规则。以便他们去那儿看书时能遵守规则。Writing:1. 不要把包带进图书馆。不要把包带进图书馆。2. 看书时保持安静。看书时保持安静。3. 一次可借四本书一次可借四本书, 不能将书转借给别人不能将书转借给别人, 要按时还书。要按时还书。4. 图书馆每天早晨图书馆每天早晨8:00开门开门, 必须在下午必须在下午6:00前离开图书馆。前离开图书馆。要求要求: 用英文写一篇用英文写一篇6080词左右的短文。词左右的短文。