研究生英语阅读教程课后翻译19单元.doc

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1、Lesson 1 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all,

2、constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的

3、威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly white English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged o

4、r at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.

5、By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到及之相关的文

6、化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬及赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational a

7、pparatus.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.讲英语的南非英

8、国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。 Lesson 21.Theturnofeventsa

9、tApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.Ihadbeenrejected,butIwasstillinlove.苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这一点。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。2.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替,没有比这更

10、确定的事情了。这让我觉得如此自由,进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。3.it was awful(可怕的 好可怕 糟糕的 ) tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Dont lose faith.这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。有时候,人生会用砖头打你的头。不要失去信心。4.remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid

11、 the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart.记住你要死去是我所知道最好的方法来避免思维的陷阱你输得起的东西。你已经裸体。没有理由不去追随你的心.5.your time is limited,so dont waste it living someone elses life.dont the trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other

12、peoples thinking.dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your inner voice.你的时间有限,所以不要浪费时间去过别人的生活。不要被信条所惑盲从信条是活在别人的思考结果。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内心的声音。Lesson 31. Right then I learned another lesson.To avoid that kind of depression meant ,inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry concern . 就在那

13、时我又得出了一条经验，这就是要想避免这种郁闷，就不可避免要经受某种担忧和担心。2. Any time, it seems, that we set out aggressively to get something we want, we meet up with anxiety. And its go be our traveling companion , at least part of the way, into any new venture . 看来任何时候只要我们开始积极努力获取我们想要的东西，我们都会感到焦虑。焦虑将伴随我们进行新的冒险，至少是部分行程的“驴友”。3. I ha

14、d benefited , I discovered ,from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough, he will eventually learn that there isnt anything to be worried about. 我发现我得益于心理学家称之为“消失”的过程。如果你把一个人放在一种使人焦虑的环境中，长此以往，他就会形成一种习惯，最终觉得没有什么值得担忧的了。4. And e

15、ver since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places , without guides or even advanced bookings , confident that somehow I will manage. 自那以后即使是到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不会犹豫。没有导游，甚至没有预定旅馆我也不怕，因为我很自信，我能安排好这一切。5. But I dont let the butterflies stop me from doing what I want. Accept anxiety a

16、s another name for challenge and you can accomplish wonders. 只是我不想让担忧来阻止我去做我想做的事情，接受害怕，把它做为挑战的代名词，这样你才能创造奇迹。 Lesion 41. However , just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are performing properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry positi

17、on will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question “Why should we hire you ?” 然而，正如当一个警察正确执法时，司机超速就要吃罚单，同样，在面试一份吸引人的、某一行业的入?职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题： 我们为什么要雇用你？”2. For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to lo

18、ok nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs , hours, and rewards for new employees. 对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变的险恶和残酷，而眼前的形势就是工作少，时间短，给新员工的工资也减少。3. Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet

19、more demands. 其他学生可能认为学业课程已经很难，要求很高了，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要求了。4. If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses , your knowledge of the job markets demands will help you to make more informed decisions. 如果你的学习项目有各种选修课，那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你做出更多明智的抉择。5. You may discover that it is quite easy to

20、 gain insight into field of interest just by sounding out your teachers. 你可能会发现只是到老师那里探听些消息就能非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。Lesion 51. The technological advances of the 1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier, creating

21、a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information , commerce ,and communication at its fingerprints. 二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪及两百年以前的工业革命相媲美的社会及经济方面的革命，它创造了一个崭新的社会，在这个社会里人们由技术相互连接，信息、商业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。2. New advances in science and technology seemed to promise even

22、tual solution to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shoppinggenetic engineers developed microbes that would eat industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys(MIT)Media Lab worked to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk

23、 and use the Internet to order more. 科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供最终解决从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题的新希望遗传科技人员培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的电冰箱。3. The cloning of an animal in 1997 suggested that human cloning had become viable as well, raising concerns-no longer quite theoretical-that humanity might be

24、 moving toward a “brave new world” of genetically engineered people. 1997 年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“大胆的新世界”方向发展，（这已不再是单纯的理论问题了）。4. While most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such material , attempts to regulate the content of individual Web pages and newsgr

25、oups conflicted with the idea of the internet as an open ,decentralized mass medium , where even the most absorb or repellant ideas could receive a hearing. 尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，但企图规范个人网页和新闻组内容的努力还是同互联网应是公开、非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突。在大众媒体领域里，即使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也应能找到发表之地。5. Still, some critics wondered if all of t

26、he money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth, almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there were so many new and interesting projects going on right here. 但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的发现上是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，太空研究不再那

27、么必要了。Lesson 61. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present, he writes in his book Good Business. Within that

28、 framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.米哈里奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受” (flow)这个说法, 信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在称心如意的工作一书中他写道: “只要存在强感受因素, 任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点, 从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。”2. But neither the late 1990s boom

29、 nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影啊, 这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive a

30、ssistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. I am a misfit in that department, she says. No matter how good your p

31、ersonal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.41岁的马丁娜蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理, 虽然工作压力大, 但她和同事相处都很好;6年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑, 也得不到老板的赏识。她说: “我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意, 如果工作单位氛围不好, 个人生活就会大受影响。” 4. In fact, engagement at work is less a functi

32、on of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with

33、co-workers, supervisors and customers.事实上, 对工作的投入及其说是人的个性使然, 不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为, 对工作高度投入及并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异, 员工的个性只起30%的作用, 其他的取决于员工每天及同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as outside their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas Wright, a profes

34、sor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno.内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯赖特说, 直到不久前, 企业家们还不愿考虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题, 认为这“不属于他们关心的范围, 和他们的职责范围相去甚远” 6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of

35、 productivity.但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来, 用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受, 能更有效地预测生产率。7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transce

36、nd it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.但通过关心员工的需求, 至少企业可能发展得更好。那样, 我们更多的人就会在工作中找到一定程度的满足感。而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。这种情况可能发生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前, 也可能发生在教室里, 在仅仅一个充满感激的学生面前。Lesson7IV. TranslationPut the following int

37、o Chinese.1.Bigsurprise,Ithought,tossingtheballed-upclippingovermyshoulder.Thatsuptherewithmoneyeasesstress,liarsmakegoodwritersandphilanderersmakeevenbetterliars.太让人吃惊了,我以为,揉成一团的剪纸扔到脑后,及“金钱减轻压力”,“骗子成为好的作家”和“花花公子更容易撒谎”。2.Lastyear,shesadlygotherwish,fartoosoon,livingjustoverhalfaslongasthewomanwhobor

38、eher.去年,她不幸的实现了自己的愿望,很快,她仅仅比生她的女人多活了一半。3.Hismaincharacter,EnidLambert,suffersfromadepressionthatactsasakindofinvisibleforcefield,unconsciouslyrepellingeveryoneawayfromherfragilecore.Enidcomplainsandsulks,manipulatesandcajoles,inordertoassuageherfundamentaldissatisfaction.他的主要人物,伊妮德兰伯特,患上了抑郁症,作为一种无形的

39、力场,无意识地排斥每个人都远离她脆弱的核心。伊妮德抱怨和摔东西、操纵和劝诱,为了减轻她基本的不满。4.Sheremainsintactbecauseherdepressionprotectsherfromevertrulysuffering,thewaythosearoundhermust.Whatdoesntkillyou,itseems,movesontomorestubbornquarry.她完整的保存下来,因为她的抑郁症使她免受真正的痛苦。那些来自她身边的人给予的痛苦。不能杀死你的困难,将会变成你的猎物。5.So,hitthesnooze,thebottleortheskids.Res

40、umebitching,chindown,carrythehatchet,underrugnothing.Lifeishardandthenyou.sigh.Heavily.所以，睡觉,瓶子或打滑。简历牢骚,下巴,把短柄小斧,在地毯。生活是困难的,然后你叹气。Lesson 8IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged p

41、rotest against it.每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being co

42、mmunicated. And it often works.改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federa

43、l Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些 指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or d

44、oes it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计

45、的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a rite of passage function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl rela

46、tionships can be established.一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样 成熟并能较容易地及女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 LESSON 91.Welcometothetopsy-turvyworldoftobacco,wherenothingmuchmakessenseexceptthevastprofits,wheretobacco-companyexecutivesslip-slidealongthecontinuumfromaggrievedInnocencetoheartfel

47、tregretwithoutbreakingasweat,andwheretheonlypeoplewhoseemtobeabletoshootstraightarethejurorswhodecidetheubiquitouslawsuits.欢迎来到乌七八糟的烟草世界。在这里，除了巨大的利益，没有什么具有重要意义；在这里，烟草公司的负责人不费吹灰之力就能穿梭于不同角色之间，从表现愤愤不平的无辜转而变为诚心诚意的悔过；在这里，似乎惟一能够言行正直（shootstraight:言行正直）的人就是那些判定随处可见的烟草诉讼案的陪审员们。2.Thejurors whogaveuptwoyearso

48、ftheirlives,listenedtoendlesswitnessesandyetdeliberatedonlyafewhourscouldbeforgiveniftheyfelttheydfallendownAlicesrabbitholeintoWonderland,wheretheQueenofHeartscriesOffwiththeirheadsbutnooneiseverexecuted.这些陪审员放弃了生命中的两年时光，聆听了无数证人证言，却仅用了几个小时就商议定案。如果他们感觉像是爱丽丝跌下了兔子洞进入仙境，听着红心王后高喊“砍掉他们的脑袋”，却从未有一个人被砍头，这种感觉是可以谅解的。3.Sincethentoba