苏教译林版初中英语八年级下册知识点讲解与巩固练习（含答案）.docx

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1、Unit 1 Past and present词句精讲精练词汇精讲too manytoo many意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。例如：There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。The boy has too many questions to ask.那个男孩有太多的问题要问。【拓展】too much / too many / much too 的辨析：词语词形特点too much形容词短语后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语too many形容词短

2、语后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语much too副词短语后跟形容词或副词例如：Don9t eat too much sweet. It9s bad for your teeth.不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。They bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。1. sincesince作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：I have studied English since I c

3、ame here.自从我来这里就学习英语。I have known her since I was five years old.自从我五岁就认识她。【拓展】since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：She has been ill since last weekend.她自从上周末就病 了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.自从四年前她就在武汉。2. a lota lot作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词、形容词或副词的比拟级等。 例如：It usually rains a lot at this

4、time of year.每年的这个时候都经常下雨。Thanks a lot for the coffee.多谢你请我喝咖啡。Your room is a lot better than mine,你的房间比我的大的多。（2） a lot作名词短语，表示“许多，大量、在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后常有动词不 定式短语作后置定语。例如：Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes theres a lot.有时我们这里雪很少，有时却很多。（作主语）There is a lot to see at the party.聚会上有许多可观赏的东西。

5、（作主语）He has given her a lot to eat.他给了她许多吃的东西。（作宾语）lonelyGeorge, the grandfather, 65 years oldWhen I see my son staying with his son, I think they have a good relationship（关系）一it wasn9t like that in my day. My father was very strict（严格的），and we had to obey（服从）him all the time.When I was a boy, I had

6、 to walk six kilometers to school. There was no other way of getting there.At home we didnt have a television, so we had to make our own entertainment（娱乐）.I spent all my free time outside playing football.But we couldnt play football on Sundays because we had to go to church.I left school when I was

7、 fourteen and went to work in a bakery.Martin, the son, 44 years oldWhen I was growing up, my father was always at work. When he came home, we couldnt disturb（打搅）him because he was tired.Because my father left school very early and felt sorry for it later, he wanted me to do well at school. I had to

8、 show him my homework every night and I could only watch television at the weekend.When I was eighteen, I got a place at university. My parents didnt have to pay for my study because the government did.I didnt go home very often, even during the holidays. I preferred（更喜欢）to spend time travelling aro

9、und.Brian, the grandson19 years oldIve always had a very close relationship（关系）with my dad and I dont have to hide（隐瞒） anything from him.When I was at school, I had a lot of freedom. When I went out, I didnt have to come home at a certain time - my parents believed in me.Im at college now, and my pa

10、rents have to pay for my studies, but I have to work in the evenings to pay for any additional（另夕卜的）entertainment and expensive things I want.I think its wrong that my parents have to pay for my studies. I think colleges and universities should be free for everybody.根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。1. Georges fa

11、ther was strict and George always had to obey him. （ ）George lived six kilometers away from school, so he went there by bike. （ ）2. Martin left school very early because he didnt do well at school. （ ）Martin watched TV every night after he had finished his homework. （ ）3. Brian never hides anything

12、from his father because they are close to each other.（ ）BAfter 150 years of the British rule（统治），Hong Kong returned to our motherland on July 1st 1997. This was a major（主要的）event for Hong Kong and China. After Hong Kongs return, 已 经发生了 许多变化.Now families and businesses between the mainland（大陆）and Hon

13、g Kong can visit each other（easy）.People in Hong Kong now can travel anywhere on the mainland. Also, more and more trains and buses go between the mainland and Hong Kong. Xiang Hua, a young man from Hong Kong, says that he often goes to Guangzhou for business. He says before Hong Kong returned to Ch

14、ina, it was very difficult to come to the mainland. Now, many Hong Kong companies haveUnit 7 International charities词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. especiallyespecially表示特别地，用于修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。有时也修饰动词。例如：It is especially cold today.今天特别冷。We are especially busy today.我们今天特别忙。Im feeling especially tired this evening.今天晚上我特

15、别累。I especially want to see that film.我特别想看那部电影。(2)用于强调目的，意为特意、专门，通常与表目的的不定式或介词for短语连用。例 如：We bought it especially for you.这是我们特意为你买的。The book is written especially for children.这本书是专门为孩子们写的。(3)表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、 介词短语、从句等。例如：This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.这条街很拥挤

16、，尤其是星期天。We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。2. provideprovide作动词，意为“提供，供给，常与介词with连用，provide sb.with sth,表示“供应给某 人某物；也可以用于provide sth. for sb.，表示“为某人提供某物，provide的宾语是被提供 的东西，for的宾语是接受这些东西的人等。例如：The Sun provides us with light and heat.=The sun provides light and

17、heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。【拓展】辨析：offer, provide 与 supplyoffer1)给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。2)愿意，试图(做某事)；提议They offered to help me.他们表示愿忌帮助我。3) offer还有出价,给工资的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。provide1)作及物动词，提供装备，供给provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb

18、.为某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。2)作不及物动词，抚养，赡养(+for)He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family. 他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。supply作及物动词，供给，供应；补充，满足，其后常用介词to, for和with。We supply power to the three nearby towns.我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。Our farm supplies the

19、market with fruits.我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。3. spreadspread作动词,意为“伸展，延伸，张开。例如：The young bird spread its wings.那只幼鸟伸展翅膀。spread out a map 摊开地图spread还表示“薄薄地涂在上。例如：spread butter on bread=spread bread with butter. 在面包上涂奶油spread还表示传播(消息等)，(疾病)蔓延，撒(肥料等)。例如：Dont spread bad news不要传播坏消息。Flies spread diseases.苍蝇传染疾病。4.

20、treatmenttreat用作动词，意为“治疗”时，常用于treat sb. for sth.”结构；还表示以态度 对待”常用于treatas/like sth.”结构。treatment是treat的名词形式,意为“对待；待 遇；治疗时,常用搭配有medical treatment药物治疗;hospital treatment住院治疗 例如：The dentist is treating my teeth.牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。Marry treats me like one of the family.玛丽像家人一样的对待我。In poor countries, many people

21、dont have money for medical treatment.在贫穷国家很多人没钱进行药物治疗。5. operateoperate作不及物动词，意为运作;营业；产生效果。例如：The machine is not operating properly. 机器运转得不正常。His company operates in several countries.他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。The medicine operated quickly.这药很快起了作用。(1) operate作不及物动词,还意为“动手术,后接介词on。例如:The doctors decided to op

22、erate on him for the tumor.医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。(2) operate作及物动词，意为操作;开动(机器)等。例如：Who operates that machine?那台机器由谁操作？【拓展】operate作名词，意为操作;运转，在医学上表示手术。例如：The operation of this machine is simple.这个机器的操作很简单。The operation of a railroad needs many men.铁路的营运需要很多人。The operation saved her life.手术挽救了她的生命。6. patientpa

23、tient作为形容词，意为有耐性的；忍耐的。它的名词形式patience,意思是耐心； 容忍。例如：Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes.对不起，宋医生现在很忙，你要耐心些，再等几分钟。It was hard work and required all his patience.工作很艰巨，需要他有极大的耐心。(2) patient还可以作名词，意为“病人。例如：He is a patient with cancer. But he still lives q

24、uite happily every day.他是一个癌症患者，但他每天仍然活得很快乐。She was tough but wonderful with her patients.她很严厉，但对患者却很好。7. holdhold是动词，意为举行，举办，召开，常可以用have来替换，过去式和过去分词均为held。例如：hold a meeting举行会议hold a concert 举行音乐会hold a sports meeting 举行运动会【拓展】hold的其他含义：hold保持；维持How long will this fine weather hold?这样的好天气能维持多久？抓住；握

25、住；拿住He held the thief by the arm他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。容纳；包含Our classroom can hold more than fifty students.教室能容纳 50 多个学生。支撑的重量The chair cant hold your weight.这把椅子不能承受你的重量。短语catch hold of抓住；hold on ( )别挂断；稍等8. developdevelop与into搭配,意为“开展成例如：He has developed into an experienced leader.他已经成长为一个有经验的领导。(1) develop用

26、作及物动词，意为形成，养成。例如：The best way to make us healthy is to develop healthy eating habits.确保我们健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。develop用作及物动词，意为使开展。例如：He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China.他说他们的国家希望开展和中国传统的友谊。【拓展】development是develop的名词形式，意为开展，进展，开发”。例如;The development of the city

27、needs careful planning.城市的开展需要周密的计划。Parents watch the development of a baby with interest.父母怀着乐趣关注着婴儿的生长。a developing / developed country 开展中国家 / 兴旺国家词汇精练I.英汉词组互译。1. hand out 2. on board 3.习惯于做某事 4.以为骄傲/自豪5. set up6. 继续开展7. make up ones mind 8. go to hospital9.太不能 10. not.at all II.根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1.

28、 ORBIS is an (国际的)charity organization.2. Amys father works in a big (公司).3. I think ifs nothing (严重的，特别的).4. As a doctor, I should prevent the (医疗的，医学的)accident from happening.5. Dr. Ma is already used to f. He can worked on the plane all day.6. I love books because they give us much k.7. Keep quie

29、t! Dr Sun is (动手术)onagiri.8. The coat is so expensive that I cant a it.9. Some p are waiting for the doctor to come back.10. Whats the m with you?I have a cold.HI.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. I have been used to (work) at night.2. Youd better eat less meat and more fruits to keep yourself (health).3. Many peo

30、ple have no money for medical (treat).4. Would you like to be a (voluntary) ?5. Nothing is (bad) than war.6. We also use the school as a (teach) centre.7. The problem of (blind) is very serious. We will solve it soon.8. He didnt go to school because of his (ill).9. How often your school sports meeti

31、ng (hold) ?Once a year.10. He is too tired to (go) now.【参考答案】I.英汉词组互译。1.分发3. be/get used to doing sth.5 .建立7.决定，下定决心9. too.to2.在飞机(船，火车)上4. be proud of, take pride in6. carry on8.去看病.根本不10 .根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1. international 2. company5. flying6. knowledge3. serious7. operating4. medical8. afford9. pat

32、ients 10. matterIII.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。4. volunteer8. illness1. working 2. healthy 3. treatment5. worse6. teaching7. blindness9. was, held10.go句式精讲1. Eddie, more money is needed for charity.句子用的是一般现在时的被动语态，表示钱被慈善机构需要，即“慈善机构需要钱。被动语态的结构是：主语+be done (及物动词的过去分词)，be是随人称和时态变化而变化 的。例如：The desk is cleaned by m

33、e.我每天擦桌子(桌子每天被我擦)。【拓展】(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are done 例如:The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.黑板每节课都要被学生擦干净。(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done例如：The computer was invented last century.电脑是上个世纪被创造的。(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will be done 例如:A new school will be built in our village next year.明年一

34、所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。(4)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being done 例如：A sports meeting is being held in our school now. 运动会正在我们学校举行。(5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been done 例如：All of the work has been finished since I came here.自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。(6)含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如：Your homework must be handed in

35、after school.你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。2. The plane is also used as a training centre.used常与for或as连用，构成短语usefor,意为用来做；为了而使用，use.as意为作为使用;用作之意。例如：Bamboo can be used for carrying water.竹子可 以用来运水。The computer can be used as a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。【拓展】used to后跟动词不定式,used to do sth.意为过去常常做某事,暗示现在已经不再做某事。 be/get/become

36、 used to doing sth 意为习惯于做某事。例如：He used to be a quiet boy.他过去是个安静的男孩。He came from the north, so he wasnt used to living in the south.他来自北方，所以不习惯于住在南方。2. Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital.afford在此意为“买的起，支付的起；常与can, could, be, be able to连用，表示“为某目的有足够的钱、时间、地方等负担，承当。常接名词、代词或者动词不定式，多用于否认句

37、中。 例如：This kind of computer is too expensive and I cant afford it.这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。At last I can afford a watch.我终于买得起一只手表了。I could not afford so much money for a bicycle.我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。3. Km proud to help people see again and improve their lives.proud是形容词,be proud to do sth.意为为做某事而骄傲。例如：We are proud to

38、 be a league member.我们为成为团员而骄傲be proud of sth.意为以而骄傲。例如：I am very proud of being a Chinese.作为一名中国人我很自豪【拓展】pride是名词，意为骄傲，自豪。常用的结构：take pride in sth.意为“为某事骄傲”。They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。He is the pride of our city.他是我们城市的骄傲。5. Youll be all righ

39、t in a few days.in后接一段时间，经常用在一般将来时，表示一段时间后的行为状态。对一般将来时句子 中的in+一段时间提问,要用how soon,表示多久将做某事是 例如:He will arrive in Beijing in three days.他将在三天后到北京。How soon will he arrive in Beijing? 他将多久到北京？【拓展】(1) after和in均可与一段时间连用，表示在之后，但after表示以过去时间为起点的 一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用；而in那么表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通 常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。例如：H

40、e came back after three days.三天后他回来了。Ill come back in three days. 我三天后回来。I think he can come back in three days.我想他 三天后可以回来。(2) after除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时(in不能与点时 间连用)。例如：He will arrive after five oclock,他五点钟以后到。句式精练I.把以下句子改为被动语态。1. He plays the piano every day.2. They sold that kind of shoes

41、 in this shop last week.3. He does his homework at school.4. The firemen put out the fire.5. People use computers to search for information.IL根据汉语提示完成以下句子。1 .我们需要更多的钱来开展我们的工作。We need money on with our work.2 .你还有别的要对我们的读者说吗？Is there youd like to our?3 .他过去常常上学迟到，但现在到校较早。He late for school, but now h

42、e comes earlier.4 .很多贫穷国家的人没钱看病。Many people in poor countries afford to hospital.5 .我很自豪帮助了如此多的病人。Im so many.6 .他经常一天有三个手术要做。Three one day by him a day.7 . UNICEF帮助政府和家庭为孩子创造一个更加美好的世界。UNICEF helps governments and familiesfor children.8 .由于战争改变了许多孩子们的生活，所以UNICEF就成立了。The childrens lives by war, so the

43、 UNICEF.9 .他们应该去上学而不是为他们的家庭去工作。They should go to school for their families.10 .他张开了手臂欢迎我们。He his arms us.III.补全对话。根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: Environmental problems have become more and more serious.B: Yes, I think so. Last weekend I planned to swim in Qingcheng River. When I got there,

44、 I was shocked by what I saw. 1. But now, it is full of rubbish, and there is no fish at all.A: 2.! And the air pollution is serious, too. How I miss the blue sky and the fresh air! 3.?B: First, we must take action from ourselves.4.A: I agree. Being volunteers really helps.B: Then, we need to invite

45、 more people to join us.A: Good idea! But how can we do that?C: 5.?A: Sounds good! Lets do that!【参考答案】I.把以下句子改为被动语态。1. The piano is played by him.2. That kind of shoes was sold by them in this shop last week.3. His homework is done by him at school.4. The fire was put out by the firemen.5. Computers

46、 are used to search for information by people.II .根据汉语提示完成以下句子。1. more, to carry3. used to be5. proud to help, patients7. build a better world9. instead of workingIII.补全对话。1. The river/ It used to be clean.2. anything else, to say, readers4. cant, to go6. operations are done8. were changed ,was set

47、up10. spread out, to welcome2. What a pity!/ That/s too terrible!3. What should we do?4. (I think) We can be volunteers (to help protect environment).5. What about putting up posters about environment?/How about making a speech about environment in public?/What do you think of writing letters to the government?.Unit 7 International charities综合能力演练【巩固练习】I.单项选择。