北京市怀柔区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、怀柔区2021-2022学年度第一学期高一质量检测英语考前须知:1 .本试卷共10页，分为三局部。考试时间90分钟，试卷总分值100分。2 .考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。3 .答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。4.答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修 改时用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域 内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。5.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一局部：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（

2、共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation 1.When I first arrived in the Czech Republic （捷克）four years ago

3、, I was just a normal exchange 2 who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of 3 my high school studies there.At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didnt realize the4ofcompleting school in the Czech language, wh

4、ich is considered to be one of the most popular5in the world.As I lacked （缺少） 6 of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my7 grew.The final exam day c

5、ame. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt 8 and confident.In May, I received notice that I had 9 the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. One student, she is from China with only three years of learning

6、Czech, she10My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, IAnurudh最终接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在婴儿时期的经历，以及其他许多孩子都没有这么幸运的悲惨现 实，促使他采取行动。厂以及他最终创造了 Vaxxwagon这个装置可知，动机是成功之母。应选C。CHow to Make Friends, According to ScienceFriendship is one of lifes most impo

7、rtant features, and one too often taken for granted.The human wish for companionship （交往）may be no end, but research suggests that our social capital （资本） is finite （有限的）一we can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure

8、 the size of peoples social networks; these have returned estimates （估计） ranging from about 250 to about 5,500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average persons friend group at about 121 people. However large our

9、networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may become smaller: From 1998 to 2017, the average （平均的）number of trusted friends decreased （减少）from three to two. This is both sad and of important result, because peo

10、ple who have strong social relationships tend to live longer than those who dont.So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, dont refuse to consider the ordinary acquaintance （交情）. Even interacting with people with whom one has weak social t

11、ies has a meaningful influence on wellbeing. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend, an additional 40 hours to becom

12、e a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend.If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Reconnected friends can quickly get back the trust they built before, while offering each other a dash of novelty（新奇）drawn from whateve

13、r theyve been up to in the meantime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you dont know that well. Self-disclosure （自我表露）makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have revealed our soul.Longing for closeness and connectio

14、n is common and everywhere, which suggests that most of us are stumbling （跌跌撞撞）through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumbiers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend.29. From Paragraph 2, we can kn

15、ow that. A. a strong social relationship means a long life B. real friendships are based on the exchange of presentspeoples inner circle becomes smallerC. peoples social networks depend on their wish for companionshipWhat does the author suggest to improve ones social life?A. Sharing secrets with cl

16、ose friends.B. Choosing likable people as friends.C. Avoiding the ordinary acquaintance.D. Spending time for deeper friendships.31 What is the passage mainly about?A. The tips on how to develop friendship.B. The reasons for seeking companionship.C. The benefits brought by a good social life.D. The r

17、elationship between friendship and happiness.【答案】29.C30. D 31. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何根据科学交朋友。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 u However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller.（无 论我们的人际网络有多大，我们的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，从第2段，我们可以知道人们的核心 圈子变小了，应选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Beyond that, building deeper

18、 friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. （除此之外，建立更深厚的友谊在很大程度上可能需要投入时间。）”可知，作者建议通过花时间和人建立更深厚的友谊来改善一个人的社交生活，应选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是题目How to Make Friends, According to Science （如何根据科学交朋友）” 和第三段的So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive.（那么,

19、如果缺 乏社交生活，你该怎么办？这里的研究很有启发性。）”可知，本文主要讲的是如何结交朋友，因此是关于 关于如何开展友谊的建议，即The tips on how to develop friendship,应选AoDEach year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars

20、, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans wont live without cars!Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without cars. However, some haverealized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car. The polluted air b

21、ecomes poisonous and dangerous to health.One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. Thats what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.Another way is to tak

22、e the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, well have to make some changes in the way man

23、y of us live. Americans, for example, are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution w

24、ould become less important than that of unemployment.Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.E. . How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article?A. Four.B. Three.C. Two.D. One.F. . If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious

25、 problem to American workers is.A to have no work to doB. to keep the air cleanC. to get a better lifeD. to go to work by bikeG. . What is the conclusion （结论）of the writer?A. Bicycling is the only way out.B. The number of cars must be cut down.C. Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.D. Cars br

26、ing us not only a better life but serious problems.【答案】32.B33. A 34. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车会产生空气污染，和几个解决空气污染的方法。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.（解决 空气污染的一个方法是制造一辆不污染空气的汽车）”、文章第四段Another way is to take the place of the car engine by

27、 something else.（另一种方法是用别的东西代替汽车引擎）”以及文章第五段“To prevent theworld from being polluted by cars, well have to make some changes in the way many of us live.（为 了防止世界被 汽车污染，我们必须在许多人的生活方式上做出一些改变）”可知，文章提到了 “设计一辆新车”、“用其 他东西代替汽车发动机”以及“改变我们许多人的生活方式”这三种摆脱空气污染的方法。应选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “ A large number of worke

28、rs may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down.（如果汽车厂倒闭，大量工人可能会失业）”可知，如果汽车的数量减少，对美国工人来说最严重的问 题就是没有工作可做。应选A。【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 uAlthough cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.（尽管汽车让我们的生活更美好，但它们也给我们带来了新的问题）”可知，作者得出的结论是汽车不仅给我们带来了更好的生活，也带来了严重的问题。

29、应选D。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。How old is old?How old is old”? 35 More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span （长度）increased

30、to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.So, how old is old? The answer is one youve heard many times, from all sorts of people. You are as old or young as you ffeel!” The calendar （日历）simply tells you how many years you

31、have lived. 36Once an unknown author wrote, Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years.37”38 Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, It upsets me when people say, Gee, you look young for your age! What

32、 does that mean? Is there some model that youre supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.“There are many wrong ideas about aging. 39 Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older peopl

33、e are unable to change.A. Old is a point of view.B. Its extremely terrible to be grown old.C. The answer has changed over the years.D. Your body tells you how well youve lived.E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.F. People grow old by giving up their goals.G. These ideas stereotype （固化）peo

34、ple on the basis of age.【答案】35.C36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。【35题详解】空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少岁?） ”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答,C选项“The answer has changed over the years.（多年来,答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接,因此 C选项承接上文，符合语境，应选C。【36题详解】空格前说 “You are as old or young as you feel! T

35、he calendar （日历）simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻！”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。），接下来应说到自 己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Your body tells you how well youve lived.（你 的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语 境，应选D。【37题详解】空格前说“Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”

36、，F选项“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且 在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，应选F。【38题详解】空格后说 “Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission fbr the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, Gee, you look young for your age!，（爱丽丝布罗菲（Alice Brophy）在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时

37、 表示，“当人们说，哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻！）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a point of view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，应选A。【39题详解】空格前说u There are many wrong ideas about aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas stereotype （固化）people on the basis of age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代 前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，应选G

38、。第三局部：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题，每题3分，共12分）阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.The Jewish Festival of Light

39、 is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy pl

40、ace, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The

41、lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.Lan

42、terns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns.

43、Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are

44、even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the samepeace and happiness to all.40. Whats the same with the festiva

45、ls of light in different cultures?（不超过 11 个单词）Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival?（不超过 12 个单词）41. What festival brings an end to the new year season?（不超过 5 个单词）What is the purpose of this article?（不超过 8 个单词）【答案40. The wish for peace and happiness in the worldTo ensur

46、e all eight candles stand together on the eighth night42. The Lantern FestivalTo introduce festivals of light from two cultures【分析】这是一篇记叙文。许多文化中都有庆祝光明的节日，文章中介绍了犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵 节。【40题详解】根据第一段最后一句 “There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish fbr peace and happiness in the world.可知

47、，各个文化中庆祝光明的节日有一点是相同的，也就是对于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以据 止匕回答为：The wish for peace and happiness in the worldo【41题详解】根据第二段倒数第二句 Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. 可知，每晚点亮一支新蜡烛是为了保证在第八天晚上，全部八支蜡烛能齐亮。可以据此回答为：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the ei

48、ghth nighto【42题详解】根据第三段第二、三句 The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.v 可知，正是元宵节宣告了 中国 新年的结束。可以据此回答为：The Lantern Festivalo【43题详解】根据文章首句uMost cultures have a festival of ligh

49、t.并结合全文内容可知，该篇文章就是在以犹太人的光 明节和中国的元宵节为例，介绍不同文化中的庆祝光明的节日。可以据此回答为：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures第二节（20分）假设你是李华，你的英国好友Jim对中国的元宵节感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包 括：1 .元宵节的时间及庆祝活动；.节日意义并期待与他共度。提示词（供参考）：元宵：sticky rice balls；灯谜：lantern riddles；庙会 temple fairs注意：1 .词数10。左右；2,开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Glad to kn