苏教译林版初中英语九年级上册语法专项解析与巩固练习.docx

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1、宾语从句的用法【概念引入】1 .宾语从句名言：(1) that引导的宾语从句Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.有时我们需要提醒自己，感激是真正的美德。Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year.健康使你感到现在是一年中最好的时光。(2) what引导的宾语从句If you cant have the best, make the best of what you hav

2、e.没有最好的，就充分利用现有的。If you dont have what you like, you must like what you have.没有你喜欢的东西，就喜欢你现有的东西。2 .宾语从句定义：在主从复合句子中，充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句。【用法讲解】.宾语从句的引导词在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。例如：I want to know whose book this is.我想知道这是谁的书。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1) that； 2) whether/ if； 3)特

3、殊疑问词 what/when/where/who 等。例如：He said that he could help me.他说他能够帮助我。Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin ?你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？(1)以that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何 成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。

4、Do you think (that) it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗？He said (that) he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句：附属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后, 语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否工Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you

5、like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。1)接带to的动词不定式。定语从句或用法责编:王晓丽【巩固练习】I.用关系代词或关系副词将以下每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign v

6、isitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her just now.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8.1 enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a b

7、ook last week.9.1 prefer the subject. The subject is science.10.1 spoke to the man. The man is a singer.II.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. The house we live in is very big.2. The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present he gave me for my birthday.4. The man talked to you just now is

8、an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring,is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory makes toys for children.9. Is this the place your father once lived?10. Til never forget the days I

9、joined the League.III.单项填空。1. 一Who is the man was talking to our English teacher?一Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. whichhate the people dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. whereThis is the place I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. whe

10、re D. whichThe moon is a world there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. whyWatch carefully everything the teacher will do.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whoI love the place the weather is always cool.A. thatB. whereC. whyD. whichThe man and the dog were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital.

11、A. which B. who C. that D. whomThe reason I was late for the class was my oversleeping.A. why B. which C. that D. whenJane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China.A. who B. whose C. which D. whomHe lived in a small village,was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which

12、C. where D. when【真题链接】The woman is the most important in my life is my mother.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. whatPeople overweight need more water than thin people.A. who isB. which areC. that isD. who areAfter Mandela was free (自由的)in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people wanted to kill him. (2014

13、 临沂中考)A. whoseB. whichC. /D. whoHe likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house he built himself out of trash.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. in which【答案与解析】L用关系代词或关系副词将以下每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2. The old man who/that teaches chemistry in a college is a

14、 professor.3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4. The woman (who/whom/that) you were talking about just now is here now.5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6. The car which/that just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.7. The man

15、 who/that waved to us was my uncle.1.1 enjoyed reading the book (that/which) you gave me last week.9. The subject (which/that) I prefer is science.10. The man (who/whom/that) I spoke to is a singer.IL用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. that/ which 2. who/ that 3. that/ which 4. who/ that 5. that6. that7. which 8. wh

16、ich/ that 9. where 10. whenIII.单项填空。1 . B句子的先行词是the man,所以that引导，且that在定语从句中作主语。2 .A句子的先行词是the people,所以用who引导，且who在定语从句中作主语。3 .D本句先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选D。4 .C本句先行词是表示地名的world,且关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以选C。5 .A本句是考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是不定代词，它的引导词只能是that。6 .B本句是考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是表示地点名词，所以它的引导词应该用 where,且引导词在

17、定语从句中作地点状语。7 .C本句的先行词既有人也有物，所以引导词只能用that, that在定语从句中作主语。8 .A本句的先行词是表示原因的名词，所以引导词用关系副词why。9 .A考查关系代词的用法。此句是定语从句，先行词是students,且在定语从句中作主语, 因此用关系代词whoo. B本句属于非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导，且which在从句中作主语。【真题链接】l.Bo此题考查定语从句，先行词是人，引导词用who,在定语从句作主语，应选B。2. Do句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定语从句的先行词是people,且关系词在从句 中作主语，故答案为D项。3. Do句意：

18、在曼德拉1990获得自由后，他选择了与想杀他的人握手。先行词指人且在定 语从句中作主语，应选whooCo本句意为：他喜欢低碳生活，他在垃圾之外建立了自己的房子。此题考查which的用 法，which在后置的定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况。状语从句的用法【概念引入】.状语从句名言：(1)时间状语从句As soon as man is born, he begins to die.出生之时，死亡之始。Life is half spent before we know what it is.在我们知道生活是什么时 生活已经过去一半了。(2)地点状语从句Where there is great l

19、ove, there are always miracles.哪里有伟大的爱，哪里就有奇迹。(3)原因状语从句Some people will never learn anything, because they understand everything too soon. 有些人绝不能学到什么东西，因为，他们对任何东西都懂得太快。(4)条件状语从句If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（5）让步状语从句A liar is not believed even though he tells the truth.说谎者即使在

20、说实话时也没人相信。1 .状语从句定义：用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作 什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是附属连词，状语从句可以 放在句首，也可以放在句尾。状语从句的类型主要有：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因 状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句及比拟状语从句等。【用法讲解】1.时间状语从句：时间状语从句在主句中表示时间，常用连接词有：when （当时），while （当时）， as （当时），before （在之前），after （在之后），since （自从），not.until （直到才），as s

21、oon as （一就），once （一旦就）等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.我直到做完作业才去睡觉。I can listen to the radio while I work.我可以边听收音机边工作。（1）时间状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时， 例如：I will telephone you when he comes.他来时，我会给你打 。ril stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里，直到你lU来。when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的

22、动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可 以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如：He was working when I went in.我进去时他正在工作。When she heard the news, she began to cry.她听到这个消息，她哭了起来。（3） while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在期间。while 还可以表示两者之间的比照关系。They rushed in while we were singing.我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to mu

23、sic.我喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢听音乐。（4）as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或一边一边L例如：John sings as he walks home.约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。（5） since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。We have been friends since we met in Beijing.自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。It has been six years since she left school.自从她毕业已经有六年了。（6） until/ till引导时间状语从句，当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句常用否认形

24、式，not. until意思为“直到才”。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直至U做完作业才睡觉。2 .地点状语从句：地点状语从句在主句中表示地点。其连接词有where （哪里），wherever （无论哪里）等。 例如：Put it where you find it.把它放在原来的地方。You can sit wherever you like.你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。3 .原因状语从句：原因状语从句在主句中表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because （因为），as （因为），since （既然）等。例如：I ofte

25、n eat carrots because they are good for my health.我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。As I dont know the way, I had to ask the policeman.由于我不知道路，所以我不得不问警察。（1） because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。I didnt tell them because they were too young.我没有告诉他们，因为他们太小。（2） because和so不能同在一个句子里。Because the book was expensive, I didnt b

26、uy it. （I 前不用 so）.结果状语从句：结果状语从句在主句中表示结果。其连接词有：sothat.（如此以至于）,such.that（如此以至于）等。例如：Ifs such a good chance that you cant miss it.这次机会如此好，你不能失去它。注意：so.that和such .that都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。（1） such. thatsuch + a（an）+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句例如：He was such an honest man that he

27、 was praised by the teacher.他非常老实，因而受到了老师的表扬。They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。但是如果名词前由many、much few little （少）等词修饰，那么用so。例如：He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤，以至于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。（3） so . thatso +形容词/副词.+that从句so +形容词+ a（an

28、） +单数可数名词+ that从句例如：He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。5 .目的状语从句：目的状语

29、从句在主句中表示目的。其连接词有：so （以便），so that （为了），in order that （ 了）等，从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should等。例如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。I will run slowly so that you can catch up with me.我慢慢跑以便你能赶上我。6 .条件状语从句：条件状语从句在主句中表示条件。其连接词有：if （如果），unless （如果不，除非），as long as （只

30、要）等。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。注意：在条件状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：Unless it rains, the game will be played. （= If it doesnt rain, the game will be played.）如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。As long as you tell truth ll try to help you.只要你说出真相，我就尽力帮助你。7 .让步状语从句：常由 though/althou

31、gh （虽然）,even if/ though （即使）等引导，但 though/although 不能和 but 同 时出现在一个句子里。例如：Though its hard work, I enjoy it. （= Its hard work, but I enjoy it.）尽管这是一件艰苦的工作，但我乐意做。Though/Although it was raining, we went there.虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。She wont leave the TV set even though /even if suppers on the table.即使晚饭已摆在桌上，她

32、也不愿意离开电视机。状语从句的用法【巩固练习】I.单项选择。1. Tom will call me as soon as he home.A. gets B. has got C. got D. will getWe wont start the meeting our teacher arrives.A. though B. until C. while D. orWe will have no water to drink we dont protect the earth.A. untilB. beforeC thoughD. ifJane, please turn off the li

33、ghts you leave the classroom.A. afterB. beforeC. untilD. butWhile she TV in the sitting room, the bell.A. watches, ringsB. is watching, rangC. was watching, rangD. watched, was ringingShe was busy, she couldnt go to your birthday party last night.A. so B. and C. or D. butDont cross the road the ligh

34、t turns green.A. when B. while C. until D. asShe will find him a kind man when she more about him.A. knowsB. know C. will know D. is going to knowIt is ten years I left my hometown.A. since B. if C. whether D. untilwas cooking he was reading a book.A. after B. while C. because D. butShe worked quiet

35、ly no one knew she was there.A. so, as B. so, that C. too, to D. very, thatto bed last night until my father came back.A. went B. didnt go C. had gone D. would gohim since we met last in 1981.A. dont see B. didnt see C. wont see D. haven*t seenWe wont give up we should fail ten times.D. untilD. is r

36、ainingD. untilD. tillA. even ifB. sinceC. whetherThe volleyball match will be put off if it.A. will rainB. rainsC. rained【真题链接】一 What do you think of your Junior Middle School life?I think it is colorful,I am always busy.A. ifB. thoughC. whileWe didnt enjoy the day the weather was so bad.A. becauseB

37、. thoughC. unlessJulie didnt leave her office the police arrived.A. however B. whenever C. while D. untiln.根据汉语提示，完成以下句子。1 .虽然他贫穷，但至少他老实。he is poor, he is honest.2 .即使明天天气不好，约翰还想去。the weather is bad tomorrow, John go.3 .不要要我解释，除非你真得不懂。Dont ask me you really donft understand.4 .快点！否那么你就错过火车了。Hurry up

38、,you the train.5 .自从我1990年搬家到这，就住在这个城市里。We in this city I moved here in 1990.6 .你决定当你长大时想干什么了吗？Have you decided you want to be you grow up?7 .不要着急，我得到信息就给你打 。, Ill phone you I get the news.8 .昨天直到警察来，那个醉汉才离开车站。The drunk man the station the police came yesterday.【答案与解析】L单项选择。L A。句意为“Tom一到家就会给我打 的“。此题

39、考查时问状语从句。主句为一般将来时， as soon as引导的是时间状语从句要用一般现在时，故答案为A项。2. Bo句意为“直到老师到了我们才会开始开会”。此题考查连词的用法。not. until意为直 到才Do句意为“如果我们不保护地球,我们将没有水喝。until直到；before在之前； though尽管，虽然；if如果。四个选项中D符合句意。3. Bo句意为“Jane,离开教室前请关灯after在之后；before在之前；until直到；but但是。根据句意应选B。4. Co此题是由while引导的状语从句，强调的是“正在看电视时，门铃响了“，所以从句用 过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。

40、答案为C。5. Ao前面一句是说明理由“她很忙L才产生后面的结果“不能参加你的生日晚会。”答案是 AoCo如果主句用否认形式，从句用肯定形式，表示“直到才”，并且主句的谓语动 词为非延续行动词（如：leave, start, come, see, go to bed等），表示这一动作直到某时才 开始发生，应选择C。6. Ao在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来意义。7. Ao在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, f

41、all, join, die, get up 等， 用It issince.的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。故正确答案为A。8. Bo由while引导的从句表示某个动作还在进行的同时丁另一个动作也在进行之中。故正 确答案为B。9. Bo so.that意为“如此以至于”,表示结果，故正确答案为B。10. Bo在notuntil句式中，意为“直到才”，句意为“直到爸爸回来，我才上床睡 觉”。11. Do由since引导的一般过去时从句，可知主句要用现在完成时。句意为“自从1989年我 们最后一次相见，就没有再相见过”。12. Ao句意为“即使我们失败十次，我们都不会放弃在“。even if意为“

42、即使”引导让步状语从 句。13. Bo考查if引导的条件状语从句。如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来 的意义。【真题链接】l.Bo句意：一你觉得你的初中生活怎么样？一我觉得丰富多彩，尽管我一直很忙。if 如 果；though ”尽管，虽然& while “当时候；until “直到”。根据句意可知此处引导让 步状语从句，应选B o2. Ao句意：因为天气太差我们未能尽情享受。从句表原因，应选A。though “虽然”；unless “除非；till “直到”均不符合题意。3. Do句意：Julie没有离开她的办公室，直到警察来了。however “不管怎样”；whenever “无

43、 论什么时候”；while 当时候；until直到二 根据句意选D项。IL根据汉语提示，完成以下句子。1. Although / Though； at leastEven though / Even if, will want to2. to explain unlessor, will miss3. have lived, sincewhat, when4. Dont worry, as soon asdidnt leave, untilShe doesnt know whether to go to the zoo.她不知道是不是去动物园。2）与or not连用时。Im not sure

44、whether or not he will come on time.他能否准时来，我说不准。 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。 包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些 引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me ho

45、w long he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。2 .宾语从句的语序由whether/if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时 注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。Where does your father work? Can you tell us? 一Can you tell us where your father works?你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？Did you get home very late? He asked me. 一He asked me if I got home very late.他问我是

46、否到家很晚。3 .宾语从句的时态对应（1）如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：My teacher says he will be back in a week.（一般将来时）我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV.（现在进行时）我的老师说他正在看电视。My teacher says he has seen the movie.（现在完成日寸）我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。（2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：My father said he was watching TV at th

47、at time.（过去进行时）我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie.（过去完成时）我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.（般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。4 .宾语从句的否认转移主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否认一般要转移到主句 中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute, will they ?我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗?I dont believe he did this, did he?我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？宾语