苏教译林版初中英语七年级下册语法专项解析与巩固练习.docx
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1、数词的用法【概念引入】数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。 数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。【用法讲解】一、基数词。1 .基数词的写法或读法。(1)对于20以内的基本的数字,需要同学们牢记。要注意其中的一些规律。例如:13-19的数字都是“-teen”结尾等。(2)十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。例如:23一twenty-three(3)百位数与个位
2、数之间要加and。例如:201 two hundred and one 642 six hundred and forty-two拓展:除此之外,较大的数字是将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号,使一个数字分成几 个小节,第一个逗号前用thousand (千),第二个逗号前用million (百万),第三个逗号 前用billion (十亿),然后依次读出(写出)。例如: 68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three13 , 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred and twenty-si
3、x thousand, three hundred 注意:英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,只有“百万(million) ”和“十亿(billion) ”; 因此“一万”是用10个千,也就是ten thousand”来表示的,“一亿”是用“one hundred million”来表示的。14 基数词的用法(1)表示确切数目时,hundred, thousand和million只能用单数,不能变复数;但表示不 确定的数目时,要用复数形式,并且要加上。f。例如:five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千hundreds of成百上千的thousands of成千上万的m
4、illions of数百万的(2)基数词可以用来表示时间。例如:7:30 seven thirty / half past seven6:45 six forty-five / a quarter to seven8:00 eight oclock(3)基数词可以用来表示年代。例如:1980 年,读作 nineteen eighty2005 年,读作 two thousand and five(4)基数词可以用来表示事物的编号。例如:第209房间一 Room 209第三局部Section 3/Part 3南京路 308 号 308 Nanjing Road 号码 3698688一 TEL 36
5、98688(5)基数词可以用于某些数学算式。例如:3+2=5 Three and two is fiveo(三加二等于五)10-5=5 Ten minus five is five。(十减五等于五)There is a ball on the floor.地板上有个球。拓展:above和over的区别on指的有接触面的上面,但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。over”在正上方,与under相对。例如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正
6、上方。above只表示“在上方或位置高出“,不一定是正上方,与below相对。例如:A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live above us.特纳一家人住在我们的上面。2. in介词in表示“在某物的里面”,它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或 者在某个范围之内。例如:Your pen is in the pencil case.你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。She is the tallest in her class.她是她们班最高的。3. under介词under表示“在某物的下面”,它通常表示一个物体在另外
7、一个物体的垂直正下 面,两者之间没有接触。例如:My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树的下面。The shoes are under the chair.鞋在椅子的下面。拓展:under和below的区别under表示“在之下”,通常表示位置处于正下方,与介词over“在上方相对应。例如:There is a book under the table.桌子下面有一本书。A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。below表示“在之下”,“在的下游,与介词above相对应,常指在某物体之下, 但不一定在该物的正下方。例如:He
8、 is below the average at school.他的学习成绩在水准以下。He looked down at the hall below.他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。4. behind介词behind表示“在某物的后面”,它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。例如:Your brother is behind the tree.你的弟弟在树的后面。She is standing behind her mother.她站在她妈妈的后面。5. next tonext to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意 思。例如:The table is nex
9、t to the wall.桌子紧挨着墙。6. between介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间,通常表示一个人、物处于另外两 个人、物之间。例如:Your desk is between the door and the window,你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。Lily sits between Mary and Ann.丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。拓展:between和among的区别between指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。例如:The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。7. outsideoutside指“在外
10、面”例如:There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。What did you see outside the hall?你在大厅外看见 了 什么?8. nearnear在附近,与far相对例如:A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。My home is near the school.我的家离学校很近。9. in front of, in the front ofin front ofjS前面,in the front of表示“在前部”,指里面。例如:A riv
11、er flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河。There is a boy in the front of the car.车的前座坐着一个小男孩。10. aroundaround在周围,围绕例如:There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage.舞台周围摆着鲜花。IL at“at”意为“在”,可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。例如:Lets meet at the school gate.我们在学校门口见面吧。I get up at seve
12、n oclock.我七点起床。【巩固练习】I.把以下词组翻译成英语。1 .在沙发上2 .在桌子底下3 .在你的背包里4 .在抽屉里5 .在教室(外部)前面II.单项选那么。1. Your computer is to the door.A. behind B. on C. in D. next2. The map is the wall our classroom.A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of3. Look! The window is the wall and the picture is the wall.A. on; on B. in;
13、in C. in; on D. on; in4. Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its the door.A. on B. in C. at D. behind5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile her face.A. on B. to C. in D. at6. My father is ill (生病),He is.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed7. There is a map of China the wall in th
14、e classroom.A. in B. on C. under D. at8. There are three windows the wall.A. in B. on C. at D. to9. There are many oranges the tree. A bird the tree is eating an orange.A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in10. What time do you usually go to bed? I usually go to bed 11:00.A. inB. on C. atD. for11.
15、We can see old bike the tree.A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under12. My hats and coats are.A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed13. He put up a map the back wall because there was a hole it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at14. Dont read the sun.A. at B. under C. w
16、ith D. in15. The boat is passing the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across【真题链接】1. 一My green ring is in the room. What about yours?A. Its redB. Its on the tableC. Its Alices2. There are 30 classrooms our school. Mine is the second floor.A. on; inB. in; inC. in; onD. on; on3.1 have a friend a
17、nd my friend is China.A. inB. atC. onD. underHL用适当的介词填空。1. A boy is the tree.2. Can you pick(摘)the apples the tree?3. There is a picture the wall.4. There are two windows the wall.5.1 live Shanghai.IV.阅读短文回答以下问题。Toms roomIts small but nice. A computer and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on
18、 the wall.The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed. A baseball is on the floor.Sallys roomIfs very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, its on the chair. We cant see a hat on the bed, but we can s
19、ee Mimi, her cat.The twins roomIts big and nice. Two pencil cases are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. Ifs a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.1. Tom
20、s ID card ishis bed, and his shoes are the bed.2. Sallys cat is her bed. Her schoolbag is the chair.3. The bookcase is the twins room. The big bed is the door.4. Two pencil cases are the chair in the twins room.5. A picture of the twins9 parents is the wall.【答案与解析】I.把以下词组翻译成英语。1. on the sofa 2. unde
21、r the table 3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer 5. in front of the classroomII.单项选择。1. Do本句子是考查介词的用法,但是,介词behind, on, in的后面用冠词the和名词、冠 词、介词短语,不和t。连用,所以本句子是用形容词next和to连用表示“紧挨着、在旁边” 的意思。2. Do本句子用介词on和冠词the,名词wall构成介词短语表示“在墙上”的意思,后面用介 词。摘成名词所有格,表示所属关系,表示无生命的名词所有格的形式用of,而不用飞形 式。3. Co本句子是考查介词的用法,表示在某物的外
22、表之上用介词。n;表示在某物内部用介 词in。窗户是在墙的里面所以用介词in;画是贴在墙的外表上,与墙接触,所以用介词on。4. Do从对话前面的句子I can* see it.和问句可以判断后面的句子是用介词behind表示“在 门的后面”,所以选择D是比拟符合对话的上下句子意思和情景。5. A。句意:“Sally非常开心,她脸上满脸微笑。”“在上”用介词。n。6. Ao in bed表示“卧床(睡觉)”,此时bed前无需加冠词。7. Bo地图在墙上,故用介词on。8. Ao窗户是嵌在墙里面的,故应该用介词in。9. Do长在树上的东西用on;外来的东西用in。10. C。点钟前用介词at。
23、11. Do句意:“我们可以看见树下有一辆旧自行车。”;”一辆自行车”,应选不定冠词, 用因为old以原音开头,所以选an; “在底下”用介词“under”。12. Ao可数名词的前面应该加冠词,所以排除B, C项;已经有代词修饰时前面不用再 加冠词,故排除D项;因此选A。13. Co地图在墙的外表用介词on;洞是在墙里面,用介词in。14. Do句意:“不要在阳光下读书。”;在阳光下不用under用in。15. Co船从桥下经过,用介词under。【真题链接】l.Bo由问句“你的耳环在哪? ”可知,选择B,表示方位,意为“在桌子上”。2 .C。表示“在学校里”,用介词in;表示“在第几层楼上
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