初中英语语法讲解大全.doc

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1、初中英语复习专辑（1）名词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some /any ; muc

2、h ; a lot of 或用of短语eg. There is _ bread on the table. CA. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_ on the plate. BA. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)mice B、规则

3、变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 iz 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es-读vz eg. knives naivz 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 浊就浊z eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , wo

4、man在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2

5、)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练 习一、写出下列词的复数 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、

6、选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know

7、?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Alla

8、n Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.

9、A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months hol

10、idays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the ro

11、om?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D

12、. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs

13、练习答案：一、1. books 2. buses 3. oranges4. babies 5. boys 6. our 7. their 8. knives 9. watches10. sheep 11. teeth 12. leaves13. Germans 14. Chinese二、15 ABCBD 610 AACCD1115 CCBDA 1621 BCBCAC初中英语复习专辑（2）冠词1、不定冠词a, an a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book a useful book a “u” ju:sful ju:an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an applean hour an

14、“F” au ef 2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物 The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前 the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前 The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the) He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、

15、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano练 习( )1.There is _ “s” in _ word “bus”.A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it , I think.A. an B. a C

16、. the D. /( )3._ bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What( )4.What color is _ orange?-Its _ orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an( )5.Mr. Li is _ old worker.A. an B. a C. some D. /( )6.Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a ( )7.One m

17、orning he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a( )8.What _ interesting story it is!A. a B. an C. the D. /( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. a B. an C. / D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.

18、A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the ( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes.A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13.Dont read _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )14.Smith is _ honest man.A. a B. the C. an D

19、. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000.A. / B. an C. the D. a ( )16.Whats _ for “椅.子”?A. English B. an English C. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )1

20、9. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of JapanC. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. t

21、he ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a ( )23.There is_ orange tree behind_ house.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; /( )24.How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A.

22、 / B. one C. a D. an练习题答案：15 DBDCA 610 DABDB1115 ADACD 1620 AABCA2124 BDAD初中英语专辑（3）代词（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。that apple ( ) that meat ( )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangzhou. that(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格，

23、 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格）eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见

24、搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地5.help oneself to 请自便；随便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词 1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would

25、开头） 2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多much + 不可数 （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许).The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it. few.Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4) everyone / anyone 不加of no one 不加 ofnone of( )

26、_ of us wants to read the book. BA. Everyone B. Every oneC. Nobody D. No one5）other ,another , others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have tw

27、o pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人)They help one another (说明they指三个人以上) 6) 二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意：.both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both

28、, all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none作主语为单数，但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名( )1._ of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river. CA. both B. any C. either D. allevery one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每个作主、宾、定）every: (三者以上的)每个只作定语）._ st

29、udent in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard. Every ; Each练 习( )1._office is much smaller than _.A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our( )2. “Help_ to some meat.”my uncle said to me .A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves( )3. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight

30、 of them are men teachers and _ are women teachers.A. others B. the others C. another( )4.There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me ?A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any( )5.There are many trees on _ sides of the street.A. both B. all C. each( )6._ of them has a dictionary and

31、_ one of them can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every( )7. “When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?”“I dont mind. _ time is OK.A. Either B. Every C. Neither( )8.Would you like _ cup of tea?A. other B. the other C. another( )9.The two friends were so pleased to s

32、ee each other that they forgot _.A. other everything B. anything elseC. everything else.( )10._ of his parents is a teacher.A. Both B. Neither C. None( )11.The river is very dirty. _ people go to swim in it.A. Few B. A few C. Little( )12.A friend of _ came to see _ yesterday.A. his ; his B. he ; him

33、 C. his ; him( )13.You cant leave your baby by _ at home.A. herself B. himself C. itself( )14. My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to have a rest.A. little B. a little C. few( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. _ two are black.A. another B. the other C. the others( )16.Jack has _ f

34、riends here. So he often feels lonely.A. a little B. a few C. few( )17.Who teaches _ French?A. we B. our C. us( )18.The boys were all tired, but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A. any B. some C. none ( )19.Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about the news.A. a little B. little C. few( )20

35、.Hello, Bill! Help _ to a cake .Thanks .A. your B. yourself C. yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)365three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法： 基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。 一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。 八去t ，九去e ；ve则以f替。 ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个e。 要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg.

36、onefirst twosecond threethird eighteighth nineninth twelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth twenty-one -twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a. 整点：基数词 + oclockeg. Its eight oclock now.b. 几点几分： 1直接表达法：先小时后分 eg. 3:25 three twenty-five 2.间接表达法：先分后小时1)(30分钟)用to：(60-分钟数) to (小时数+1) eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 3

37、0分钟 = half 15分钟 = a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three 3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three. 3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日 : October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of October, nineteen forty-nine2000年: the year two thousand=twenty hundred2

38、001年: twenty o one3月1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号：第207房间：Room 207第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；再一”eg. Youve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)One th

39、ird of the students are girls. 2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分数的特殊形式1)one third = a third2)one fourth = a quarter three fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些数词的复数 + of表约数：hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of练 习( )1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousand

40、s of B. thousand ofC. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _ day of the week.A. first B. the first C. the second D. second( )3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )4.Which is the_ month? Its September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety( )5.Dec

41、ember is _ of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth monthC. the twelveth months D. twelve months( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the _ floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenthC. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth( )7.I was born _, 1982.A. on June 2rd B. in June 2ndC. on June two D. on June 2( )8.Its _ from our home to the zoo.A. two and a half hours wal