形容词副词的原级比较级和最高级讲解.doc

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1、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, e

2、asy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest特别提醒：以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost s

3、oftlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特别提醒：由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。原级比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tired mosttiredboringmore boringmost boring3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badl

4、y糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) +

5、形容词/副词原级 +.如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old

6、lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) /

7、 They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+.如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一

8、个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +.如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .如：The Changji

9、ang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)5、关于比较等级的重要注释：1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、“比较级+and+比较

10、级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)3、“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two

11、/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)6、“one of t

12、he +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)8、上下文中含有both/

13、either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项 比较应在同类事物之间进行。误：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than m

14、ine.比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。Im three years older than he.特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。避免重复使用比较级。误：He is more kinder to small animals t

15、han I.正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.误：He is more cleverer than his brother.正：He is cleverer than his brother.比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用other来排除自身。误：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.误：John studies harder than any student

16、 in his class.正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than

17、 to carry it out.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。The weather in China is di

18、fferent from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. 误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.“否定词 + 比

19、较级”相当于最高级。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of thetwo，这时比较级前一定要加the。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs，h

20、e chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?试比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更的人/物”。Why dont you use a sharper k

21、nife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格，但非正式语体中常用宾格。He is taller than I/me.为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下内容不是初中教学的重点，仅供拓展之用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem.=It is a very impor

22、tant problem.倍数表达法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 A

23、 is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than注意事项：该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully t

24、han the girl.句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than注意事项：该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as注意事项：该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste,

25、 feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特别提醒：asas之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as I can carry as much paper as you

26、 can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。 Well give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。其它几个关于asas的句型：as as one can：尽其所能 He began to run as fast as he could. as as possible：尽可能Please helpusas quickly as possible. as soon as一就 He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四：not a

27、s/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as注意事项：该句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围注意事项：如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。

28、among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六：one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式注意事项：one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。One of the smallest

29、 dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级注意事项：该句型表示“越来越”，如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八：the +比较级+, the +比较级+注意事项：该句型意思为“越就越”，表示两种情况同时变化。The more you eat, the fatter

30、 you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.句型九：be different from注意事项：该句型没有运用比较级，但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。My schoolbag is different from yours.句型十：the same as / the sameas注意事项：该句型同样没有运用比较级，表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配，不能随便变换。I dont want to buy the same

31、things as Amy did. 句型十一：比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式注意事项：any other 后面跟单数名词，表示“任何别的”，即主语在范围内，必须把自身从这一范围内除去，否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. （上海在中国这个范围内，所以用any other）Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）句型十二：比较级+than + th

32、e other +名词复数形式注意事项：该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式，常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级，但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。6 / 6