新目标英语动词中考总复习.doc

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1、中考动词辅导策略及习题专练在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这及汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导？一、实义动词一理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。 1谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：时态 语态 主 动 语 态被 动 语 态备注一般现在时原 形 或 三单is/am/are过去分词划线：助动词一般过去时过去式was/were 过去分词同上现在进行时is/am/

2、are 现在分词is/am/arebeing过去分词同上过去进行时was/were 现在分词was/were being过去分词同上一般将来时will/ shall动原will/shallbe 过去分词同上be going to动原be going tobe 过去分词Be：is/am/are过去将来时would/shoud动原would/shoudbe过去分词划线：助动词be going to动原be going tobe过去分词Be：was/were现在完成时have/has过去分词have/has been过去分词划线：助动词过去完成时had 过去分词had been 过去分词同上含情态动

3、词情态动词动原情态动词be 过去分词2非谓语形式：不定式 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语动词宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成：不定式= to动词原形否定结构= not to do sth复合结构= for sb.not to do sth及疑问词连用：如what to do在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch两听listen hear一感觉feel，注意notice使make让let have帮help可不省。形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、及疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it来代替它，而将

4、真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。 动名词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。 构成：动名词=V+ing . 否定结构= not doing sth . 复合结构=one notdoing sth现在分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。过去分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作

5、。表示被动。 用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。3举例说明： .I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother at home.点拨：作谓语主动语态一般现在时。非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前动名词。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the room 点拨：作谓语主动语态一般过去时。非谓语发生在谓语

6、之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。作谓语主动语态一般过去时。 3Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall. 点拨：作谓语一般现在时。非谓语相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动现在分词.非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前表示被动过去分词.二既要求同亦要寻异 凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用法，做到共性及个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意： 1介词动名词 如：You can w

7、atch TV after fishing your homework. 2动词词组动名词 这样的动词有： give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind doing 介意做某事 spendindoing 花费时间做某事cant stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be wo

8、rth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事pre

9、fer doing to doing及做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳课更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同： .like/love/hate doing：表示习惯 例：I li

10、ke getting up early every morning. to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ? Stop doing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired. to do：停下来去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go on doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving sc

11、hool,he go on to go to college. .remember doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere. to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room. .forget doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘记要做的事 例：Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the room .need/want/requir

12、e doing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaningThe blackboard needs to be cleaned. to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest. .try doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you. to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time. .continue doing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades. to d

13、o：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .cant help doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping. to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I cant help to do it for you. .mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now. . to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorr

14、ow.agree. on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. . to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on. to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.encourage. doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourage

15、s planting trees to protect the environment. sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. .allow. doing：允许做某事例：We dont allow smoking here. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise. doing：建议做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow. sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise

16、 you to go skating tomorrow.permit. doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter. sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. .begin/start 开始做某事 .doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Lets begin running. . to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe wh

17、at he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.plan. on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year. to do计划做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.三. 再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。即：将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总结，以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生，自己提取难点，教师指导，逐一突破。 Aaim at 针对agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或建议ask f

18、or请求、索要 addto把和加起来 ask for a ride 搭车ask for a day off请一天假 achieve a victory取得胜利acount for公布、宣布arrive in到达大地方 arrive at到达小地方 argue with 及争吵apologize to 向道歉 Bbe supposed to do sth.应该做某事 break up with sb.及某人断绝关系 be used for doing被用来做某事 be used to do被用来做某事 break out 爆发believe in信任 begin/start with以开始 be

19、long to属于 built into把建成 base on以为基础 break off解散解雇 break down 破坏borrow from 向借bring sb.sth. 把某物给某人带来bring sth. to sb. 把某物给某人带来beg your parden 再重复一遍break the rule违规 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事break into破门而入 buy sb. sth.给某人买某物 buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 Ccome into being形成、出现 come true变为现实come for a visit来参

20、观come on 过来、跟着来come down with抵御、抑制come back回来come out of 从里出来come to do sth.逐渐做某事come back from work下班回来come about 发生come from来自 come here 来这里come home来到家 come to到来 come along出现、发生 come over过来 come into进入里 come in 进来come out出来come out of从里出来come up to 向走来come to the party 来参加聚会catch up with 赶上catch

21、a fire着火catch hold of抓住catch a bus赶公共汽车 cut up 切碎cut in half切成半cut off切断电源、水源cut in line插队 care for关心、关爱care about在意call for号召call on拜访 call out呼喊 call up给打电话call sb. at some number给某人大某个号码 calm down 镇静下来 communicate with 及交流complain about 抱怨can t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事clean up 清理、打扫干净carry out 执行cl

22、ick on 点击connect to 把和连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查 Ddrop by 顺便拜访drop out of school辍学drop litter丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术do sth. in person亲自做某事 do business做生意 do exercise 做操do with处理 do wrong 做错事do ones homework做作业 do some sports做运动 do well in对学得好 do onelesson 做功课do the

23、dishes 洗餐具 do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 do onesresolution 做决定要做的事do harm to对有危害 do some cleaning 扫除do some reading读书 do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭 do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务 deal with 处理disagree with sb.不同意某人意见describe as 把描绘为die of 死于直接内因，如疾病、饥渴die from死于间接外因，如车祸、天灾die out 灭绝drive sb.

24、 crazy使某人发疯drive to开车去 divide into把分成depend on依赖decide ondoingsth. dry out干涸 dry up 烘干dream of 梦想draw up起草、拟定 dress sb. 给某人穿衣dress in穿着dress up打扮beat sb.赢了某人 E e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件 educate sb. to do sth.教育某人做某事enjoy oneself 玩得愉快enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事end up doing sth.结束做某事 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事en

25、courage doing sth. 鼓励做某事encourage sb. to sth.鼓励某人做某事 express sb. sth.= express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 eat up吃光 Ffall over摔倒、倒塌 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with爱上、迷恋 fight against及作斗争 follow the rules 遵守规则fail the exam考试不及格 find out查明原因、真相 feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to乘飞机去 fit into 适

26、应 fill in =fill out 填充填写 fillwith用填feel sorry for因而难过 forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事finish doing sth.做完某事fold the clothes叠衣服 Gget here/there到这里那里 get home到家 get on 上车、船、飞机等get off下车、船、飞机等 get up起来、起床 get down 取下get to sleep 入睡get sb.sth.=get sth. for sb.给某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成绩

27、get out oneway to do sth. 特地做某事get rid of 除掉get to到达 get out of 从里出来get into 进入get in the way of妨碍 get together 集会 get into trouble陷入困境 get out of trouble 脱离困境get used todoingsth.习惯做某事 get to do sth.着手做某事 get ready for为做准备 get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 get away from远离get a sore back 背痛get back to sb.

28、过会儿及某人通话打电话用语get on/along well with 及相处融洽 get to know认识 get married结婚 get in touch with 及取得联系go to 去go home 回家go there去那里 go back回去 go out 出去go out for出去做 go down/along 沿着走go to school上学 go to college 上大学go to the doctor去医务室go to the cinema 去看电影go across穿过平面 go to work上班 go bad变坏 go by流逝时间 go to the

29、 lessons去上课 go to the party去聚会 go oneown way走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去观光 go the same way同路 go away 走开go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡觉go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on with继续go shopping 去购物go hiking 去远足 go abroad 出国go over复习 go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼 go on a trip去从事旅游 go

30、 in for sports进行体育运动 give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 give indoingsth.屈服做某事 give updoingsth.放弃做某事 give away 赠送give out 颁发give back 归还 give off 发出气味等give sb. some advice给某人提建议 give a talk作报告give lessons to sb. 给某人上课give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一下give back 归还give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙 grow up 长大 Hhave

31、a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 进行讨论have a party 举行聚会have a meeting 开会have nothing to do with及无关 have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have trouble doing sth. 费力做某事have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb./sth. doing .让某人/某物一直做have sb.done 请某人做某事 have fun玩得愉快 have a fever 发烧have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a stamac

32、hache胃痛 have a toothache牙痛 have fun doing sth.愉快地做某事 have noodles for lunch 午饭吃面条have a match 举行比赛have a fight with及比赛、斗争 have no idea of不知道 have a hard time doing sth. 艰难地做某事 have sth. to do with 及有关 have an accident 发生事故have supper 吃晚饭have class上课 have water喝水 have a conversation with 及会话have a lo

33、ok at 看一下 have a talk with及谈话 have a problem with做某事有疑难have difficulty doing . 费力做某事have a good trip路途愉快 have a try 试一下have a laugh at 嘲笑. have a pity on sb.同情某人 have a rest 休息一下 hear of 听说hear from 收到的来信hands up举手 hand in上交 hand out分发 hand to 把递给hold up 抓住、握住hold a meeting 举行会议 hold a game 举行比赛hold

34、 an exhibition举行展览 happen to do sth.恰巧做某事 hurry up 赶快 hurry off 匆忙离开 help oneself to sth. 随便用help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 IIts ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 JJoin in 穿着join together团结起来join the army 参军join the party入党 KKeep out不让进入keep down 压低音量等keep

35、 a pet 饲养宠物keep in good mood 保持好心情keep on doing一直做某事 keep healthy保持健康 keep in good health保持健康 keep up with跟上 keep sb. doing使某人一直做某事 keep off 防御 keep in touch with及保持联系 knock at=knock on敲 LLearn by oneself 自学 learnfrom 向学习 learn by heart 记住leave for离开去某处leave sth. somewhere 把某物忘在某处leave school毕业 leav

36、e one by oneself 把某人单独留下 leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信 lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 lead to导致 live on以为生 live a happy life 过着幸福的生活look after照看 look for 寻找look down on 藐视look up查找字词等 look over检查身体等 look forward to盼望look on as 把看作look at看 look like 看起来像 look around环顾 look out当心 look out of

37、向外面看look through 浏览look the same 看起来一样look inside向里面看 likebetter较喜欢 likebest 最喜欢 like to do sth.喜欢做某事具体活动 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事习惯laugh at嘲笑喜欢做某事具体活动lose touch with及失去联系let sb. in 让某人进去lie dowm躺下 MMake sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归 make ones mind to do sth. 决心做某事make a face 做鬼脸make money挣钱 make fools of

38、sb.愚弄某人 make a journey旅行 make progress 取得进步make a countribution to为做贡献 make a noise 吵闹 make a mistake 犯错误make of由制作看出原材料make from 由制作看不出原材料 make up of 由组成make a plan 定计划make ones bed 整理床铺make a report 编写报告 make sure of确信make use of 利用make a sentence with用造句 make a decision做出决定 make success 取得成功make

39、oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a teleohone to sb.给打电话 make a survey of 调查make preparation for 为做准备make friends with及交朋友make a living谋生 make a comment about评论 major in专修 match with 把和搭配起来move to搬到 mention sb. sth.=mention sth.to sb. 向某人提到某事mistakefor把错认为meet with 遇到困难、麻烦等mix up混合 NName sb./sth.X把某人/某

40、物叫做X OOffer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物提供给某人 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事open up完全打开 Pplay football 踢足球play chess 下棋play cards打牌play bridge打桥牌 play the guitar 弹吉他play the violin弹小提琴 play sports 做运动play games 玩游戏play with 玩耍play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑play the CD.播放CD. play the music 播放音乐 play a part in在

41、中扮演角色 play a role of 扮演的角色play against及比赛play hide-and-seek捉迷藏 pay for付款 pay attention to 注意passonsb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给pass the exam 通过考试pass by路过 put on穿上、上映 put away把收拾起来 putinto 把放入里put up举起、张贴 put out熄灭put off 推迟prevent sb.fromdoing sth.阻止某人做某事 prefer to do rather than do及做另一件事相比更喜欢做某事

42、 preferdoingsth. to doingsth. 及相比更喜欢poin to 指向poin at 指着poin out指出 provode sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 practice doing sth.练习做某事 place an order for定购pick up捡起、拾起 Rrun away 逃跑run after 追赶run out of 用光、从里跑出来run over to跑过去到 run on靠运行 read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听 read sth. for sb.替某人读某物 receive

43、 a letter from 收到来信rain heavily 下大雨ride a bike骑自行车 rise up升起 raise money 筹集资金refer to涉及、提到 regard as把看作reach out 伸出手等 Ssend sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人send up发射 send an e-mail 发送电子邮件send for派人请send for派请 send into 送入里send away驱逐 send off解雇 shake hands with及握手 stickinto把插入里 stick doing sth.坚持做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop to do sth. 停下