2022年现在完成时及现在完成进行时详细讲解及练习 .pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载一. 现在完成时的构成 :现在完成时由助动词have(has)+ 动词的过去分词构成。 has用于第三人称单数 ,have用于其他各种人称 . 二. 现在完成时的用法 : 其用法主要有三种I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1)表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯关上了)Ive finished my homework
2、 now. 现在我已经做完作业了。 (说明可以交作业或做别的了)2)表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 (说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没找到这支笔)She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师)II. “未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。 常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week (month) ,lately,recently,these days ,in the past few days ,during t
3、he last two weeks ,since,since yesterday ,since 2 days ago,since 1991 ,for a long time,for a month,so far,up to now,till (until) now 等。He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。 (现在还住在这儿)Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还在往来) How long have you studied English ? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学) II
4、I. 经验性用法 :表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如 often,always,every week,twice等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so. 他总是这么说 . 三. 现在完成时的时间状语I现 在完 成 时属 于现 在 时范 围 , 故 不能 和 过去 的时 间 状 语 连用 。 如 : yesterday,last 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 1
5、9 页学习必备欢迎下载Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 already和 yet。already一般用于肯定句中, yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。b. 用 ever和 never.多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“ 曾经” 或“ 从未“ 等。如: -Have you ever bee
6、n to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗 ? -I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她, 但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。d. 用包括 “ 现在” 在内的时间状语,如
7、 now,today,this morning(month,year,term) 等。 例如: -Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?Unit 9:现在完成时讲解一基本结构 :助动词have/has+过去分词 (done) 二句型 :否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词 +其他 . 一般疑问句:Have/Has+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他 . 简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.( 肯定 )
8、No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).( 含义是 :现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.( 含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿) ( 2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be 动词表示)常与for ( +时间段) ,since (+时间点或过去时的句子
9、)连用. for+ 时段since+ 过去一个时间点(译为:自从 以来)since+ 时段 +ago 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载since+ 从句(过去时) It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句(过去时)Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了 (现在不在说话现场)
10、Where is your father ?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in :呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two monthsago. 五现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 : * 以 already, just和 yet 为标志He ha
11、s already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以 so far (到目
12、前为止)为标 +before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去, 我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手, 进一步学习现在完成时。* for+ 时段since+ 过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如
13、yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词1 、规则动词 :规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1) 、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ” 。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2) 、以 “ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ” 。live-lived-lived , (3) 、以 “ 辅音字母+ y ” 结尾的动词,将y 变为i ,再加 “ ed ” 。study-studi
14、ed-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4) 、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ” 。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词 :AAA 型原型过去式过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread re
15、ad read read read 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载AAB 型beat beat beatenABA 型become became becomerun ran run come came come 特殊情况ABB 型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug d
16、ug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought
17、thought win won won ABC 型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen
18、give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written七瞬间动词 (buy,die,join,come,go ,leave,join )不能直接与for since连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach
19、/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead 1.have代替 buy My brother has had( 不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become
20、How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载b) 用“be 形容词 ” 代终止性动词1、bemarried代 marry 2、 beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、bedead 代 die 4、be asleep代
21、fall (get) asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 lose c) 用“be 副词 ” 代终止性动词1“beon”代 start,begin 2“beup”代 get up 3“beback(to) ” 代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there) ” 代 come(arrive,reach,get) here
22、 或 go (arrive,reach,get)there 等等d) 用“be 介词短语” 代终止性动词1. “be in/at +地点 ” 代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “be in/at +地点 ” 代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词 表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at 相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have b
23、een back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up ;7. have died have been dead ;8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ;10. have finished/ended/completed hav
24、e been over ;11. havemarried have been married ;12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ;13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold ;18. have got to know have known19. have/h
25、as gone to have been in精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party s member/the league member/the soldier 现在完成时练习(一) A)选用 have, has填空: 1.I _ told him the news
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