小学英语-现在完成时(10页).doc

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1、-小学英语-现在完成时-第 10 页新概念英语语法串讲现在完成时 现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。一、现在完成时的用法1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。如：1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2）He has already come 他已经来了。（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。）2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。如：1）I have studied English for

2、 six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。 （六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。（从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。）二、现在完成时的结构 1）肯定式：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 2）否定式: 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 3）一般疑问式 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 4）特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词三、现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常

3、用的时间状语包括 “already, yet,ever, etc”。例如：We have learned about 3000 English words by the end of this term.到上学期末我们已经学了3000个英语单词。注意：1) 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。例如：Ive known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从8年前我就在这工作。2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的alre

4、ady 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.He has just come. -He hasnt come yet. 注意：for和since的用法。for+时段 为时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 四、过去分词变化规则如下： 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： （1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“

5、ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如; cut- cut- cu

6、t,hit- hit- hit. 五、使用时注意事项1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有”。 例如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have. 你有笔友吗？是的，我有。 Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasnt. 他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has

7、 been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用；have/ has gone to则不可。例如: Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？ Yes, hes been ther

8、e many times. 是的，他去过好几次了。 Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？ Theyve gone to Shenyang. 他们去沈阳了。4非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。 这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。arrive, come be here, be in buy havebegin, start be on die be dead

9、get up be up leave, move be away； go out be out borrowkeepfinish/end be over open be openclose be closed join be a member of六、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等.例如: He has already finished the work. 典型例题1：His father_the party since 1978 A.joi

10、nd B.has joined C.was in D.has been in 解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。 since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”， 表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，AB均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。 答案；D. 要牢记： 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 thes

11、e days ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。 典型例题2： _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished 解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment a

12、go 是一个表示过去的时间状语，应该用一般过去时。 答案： B附表： 动词过去式过去分词1、 AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost cost cost cut cut cut let let let put put put read read read 2、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt feltfind found found get got got have had had he

13、ar heard heard hold held held keep kept kept learn learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent make made made meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine shone shone sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt spend spent spentstand stood stood teach taught taug

14、ht tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood3、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：be was/were been begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokendo did done draw drew drawndrink drank drunk drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forget forgot forgottengive g

15、ave given go went gone grow grew grown know knew knownlie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung see saw seenshow showed shown sing sang sungspeak spoke spoken swim swam swumtake took taken throw threw thrownwake woke woken wear wore wornwrite wrote written4、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）：become became become com

16、e came come 5、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）：beat beat beaten 现在完成时练习一、选择填空1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ?A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-_you_ your homework yet?A. Do；finish B. Are；finishing C. Did；finish D. Have；finished3. His brother has been to Stone

17、 Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for4. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had5. I_a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard6. -Have you ever_Beijing ? -Yes, I have.A. went t

18、o B. gone to C. been in D. been to7. My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been8. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket.A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming9. Where is Mr Liu? - He_ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C.

19、has been in D.has went10. We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_here for two years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone11.- How long_you _your exam paper? - About three months. A. did；buy B. have；get C. have；had D. have；bought12. He tells me he _China for over eight years.

20、 A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to13. His parents_ for more than 3 years. A. have come here B. have started to workC. have lived there D. have left the university14I_ a letter from him since he leftAdidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard15Where have you _ these da

21、ys？I have _to Dalian with my friendsAbeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone16How long have you _ this book？Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent17Wheres Peter？ He _ to NanjingAis going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent18We have lived here _ five years agoAwhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter19I have watched the game When

22、_you _ it？Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch20. Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twiceAhave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone二用动词的适当形式填空1. I_ already _(see) the film. I_(see) it last week.2. _he_(finish) his work yet? Not yet.3. _you_(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I_(be) there twice.4. _you eve

23、r_(eat ) chocolate? No, never.5.My father_ just_(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Wheres Li Ming? He_(go) to the teachers office.7.I_(work) here since I_(move) here in 1999.8. How long_ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.三. 句型转换 (每空一词)1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)I_ _been to Ma

24、cau before.2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)I_ just _a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)We_ _English _three years.四填

25、入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night. Diana： No, it wasnt me. I _ never_ there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where_they _?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many times_they_there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Steve： Can I speak t

26、o Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid. She_to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She_already_to the cinema three times this week.五、 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.5. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_20 minutes.6. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_many years.7. Tom has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital_October.